Edith: Thank you doc mike for sharing your knowlededge about asthma.

Im sure madaming
natutunan ang ating mga manunuod. And now, we would like to welcome our guest doctors who
specialize in leukemia, dr. Elaine, dr. nica, and dr. maffy.
Hello doc, good morning! *shakehands*
DRs: Good morning!
Edith: So doc, sa panahon ngayon, marami ng bata ang nagkakasakit ng leukemia. Ano po ba
doc ang leukemia at pano ito nangyayare?

Maffy: Basically, Leukemia is simply defined as the cancer of the blood cells.
Elaine: To understand how leukemia affects blood cells, it helps to know about normal blood cells.
Lets take a look.
Maffy: Lahat ng blood cells ay nag sisimula sa what we call as hematopoietic stem cells na
nakikita sa bone marrow of our bodies.
Lets that this cell will start his own choose your own adventure game.
Elaine: This guy can choose his adventure to differentiate into
- Myeloid stem cells (path) and lymphoid stem cells.
- The myeloid stem cell wll become rbcs, platelets, and myeloblasts. These myeloblasts will
later become our granulocytes.
On other hand, lymphoid stem cells can become b/t cells, and nk cells.
Maffy: When blood cells become old or damaged, they die, and the blood stem cells produce new
blood cells to take their place.
Elaine: In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that are
called leukemia cells and leukemic blast cells. The abnormal cells cant produce normal white
blood cells. Leukemia cells divide to produce copies of themselves. The copies divide again and
again, producing more and more leukemia cells.
Maffy: Unlike normal blood cells, leukemia cells dont die when they become old or damaged.
Because they dont die, leukemia cells can build up and crowd out normal blood cells. The low
level of normal blood cells can make it harder for the body to get oxygen to the tissues, control
bleeding, or fight infections. Also, leukemia cells can spread to other organs, such as the lymph
nodes, spleen, and brain.
Edith: Ahhh so ganun pala yun! So I heard na there are different types of leukemia, which is
acute that happens so suddenly and chronic that develops slowly..
Elaine: yes, thats right. Leukemias are also named for the type of white blood cell that is
affected: Myeloid: Leukemia that starts in myeloid cells is called myeloid, myelogenous, or
myeloblastic leukemia. Lymphoid: Leukemia that starts in lymphoid cells is called lymphoid,
lymphoblastic, or lymphocytic leukemia. Lymphoid leukemia cells may collect in the lymph
nodes, which become swollen.

Edith: So doc, lets begin with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ano po ba ito doc?
Elaine: REFER TO COPY** UNTIL RISK FACTORS****
Edith: Ah so it means that ang problema dito sa dugo, specifically yung lymphocytes.
Elaine: yes, exactly!
Edith: What are the signs and symptoms?
Elaine: *** REFER TO copy**
Edith: I see. And how is this diagnosed?
Elaine: refer to copy
Edith: Magagamot po ba ang leukemia? What about the chances surviving of leukemia?
Elaine: Theres chemotherapy which has 4 stages. * THERAPEUTIC MANAgEmENT; CURE AS A
GOAL***
Complicaions

Edith: SO now, were done with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. What about acute myeloblastic
leukemia??
Maffy: **refer to copy**
Edith: in short, AML arises from the myeloblast cells. Are the risk factors similar to ALL?
Maffy: Yes, they are quite similar. *refer copy* The signs and symptoms are also the same.
Edith: what about the diagnosis?
Maffy: *refer to copy* The therapeutic management includes: *refer to copy*

Edith: Were done with leukemia. Thank you for coming dr. Elaine and dr. maffy.. And now, we
may call on Dr. NIca to talk about Nephroblastoma.
*Shake hands**

Edith: Doc, when you say nephroblastoma. which part of the body is affected? By nephron, do
you mean, kidneys is the part affected?
Nica: Yes! Nephroblastoma is also called Wilms tumor.. *refer to copy**
Edith: SO doc how is this different from leukemia?
Nica: Generally, leukemia affects the blood whereas wilms tumor affects the kidneys. Two types
of tumors, the favorable histology and unfavorable histology. *refer to copy and Mention stages*
Edith: Kelan ito usually nadidiscover? How is it diagnosed? Ano yung mga signs and symptoms?
Nica: *refer to copy and mention signs and symptoms**
Edith: How is the treatment of wilms tumor different from leukemia?
Nica: Treatment of wilms tumor is similar to leukemia in a way that they both use chemotherapy.
Although sa wilms tumor kasi, we do nephrectomy which is the removal of the kidneys.
Edith: I see. One last question doc. How is the prognosis of the disease?
Nica: PROGNOSIS: better prognosis if no metastasis and with younger age of
the child; among all childhood cancers, highest survival rates