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Physical
1
properties
of the diet Digestive processes
Reduced/increased
Digesta matrix digestion of other
e.g. WBC nutrientsbarrier
Physical
Viscosity Reduced/Increased
Endogenous energy
secretions and needs
losses
Bulk Digesta flow and retention time
Microbial population/fermentation
products
GIT development
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Contents
1 From: www.qainsight.net 4
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Fiber Fiber
Resistant starch
Lignin
NSP > chemically diverse
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
glucans, (hetero)xylans, xyloglucans,
glucomannans
Pectic polysaccharides
Homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonans,
arabinans, arabinogalactans
Chemical composition doesnt tell it all
SOLUBLE NSP
e.g.-glucans,
pectic
polysaccharides, Total dietary fiber / Total NSP + lignin
arabinoxylans Enzymatic - chemical methods (e.g. Englyst or Uppsala)
Enzymatic - gravimetric methods (e.g. AOAC 2009)
DM-CP-Ash-Cfat-Starch-Sugars (CVB)
OLIGOSACCHARIDES
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1 Figure modified from Zielinski et al. 2013.
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de Vries, S. Proc Eur Symp Poult Nutr. 20: 40 47. 2015.
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150
100
50
0
Barley Wheat Soybean meal* Rapeseed meal Peas
35
30 Small particles
Fiber content (g/kg)
lost during
25 analyses
20
Crude Fiber
15
Neutral Detergent Fiber
1942 >2002
10
Non-Starch Polysaccharides
5
162
0
Whole Fine Coarse
Fiber contents of fractionated1 rapeseed meal as analyzed
by different methods
1 Rapeseed meal was fractionated using air classification.
2 Geometric Mean Diameter (m)
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de Vries et al. unpublished.
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Fiber fiber
Summary
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Fermentation as
related to fiber
composition
Competition
between
degradation and
passage
Energy value of
fiber
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100
NSP digestibility (%)
80
60
40
Ileal DC
20 Fecal DC
-20
Small intestine
Viscosity ++
Water binding ++ +++
Glucose absorption _
Large intestine
Fermentation +++ ++
Bulking + +++
Retention time --
Modified from: Bach Knudsen, KE. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 90: 3 20. 2000.
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1.8 5
Stomach 4.5
Small intestine
1.6
1.4 4
3.5
1.2
3
1
2.5 Solid
0.8
2 Soluble
0.6
1.5
0.4 1
0.2 0.5
0 0
Low fiber Medium fiber High fiber Low fiber Medium fiber High fiber
50
45
Large intestine
Mean retention time (h)
40
35
30
25 Solid
20 Soluble
15
10
5
0
Low fiber Medium fiber High fiber
15
Data from: Wilfart et al., Br J Nutr 98:54-62. 2007.
100
Cr2O3 PEG
90
Wheat flour Oat flour Rolled oats Oat bran
80
Recovery of marker, %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.5 1 2 3 5 0.5 1 2 3 5
Time after feeding (h) Time after feeding (h)
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Data from: Johansen et al., Br J Nutr 75:339-351. 1996.
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450
MRT of solid digesta (min)
400
350
300
250 Control
200 Reduced MRT -glucan
solid digesta RS
150
100
50 Effect of fiber source
0 P -value
Raw material 0.36
CM DDGS
-glucan < 0.01
RS 0.04
Interaction 0.20
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de Vries, S. 2014. PhD Thesis, chapter 9
100
47
Control
69
Mean retention time (h)
80 57 maize bran
50 wheat bran
60 sugarbeet pulp
68
40 47
48 65 48 44
43 44
20
0
35 kg pig 75 kg pig sow
ATTD
digestibility
Le Goff et al. J Anim Sci 74: 503 515. 2002.
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80
of NGP
60 Control
-Glucans
40 Resistant starch
20
Effect of fiber source
P -value
0
Raw material < 0.01
CM DDGS
-glucan 0.04
RG < 0.01
Interaction 0.13
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ER VFA infused
HP control
ER control
ER (kJ)
= 80%
VFA infused (kJ)
Jrgensen et al. Br J Nutr 77: 745 756. 1997.
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Reduced
physical 100
activity
80
60
Pregelatinized
Shift from 40 Retrograded
urine to
fecal 20
energy loss
0
DE ME NE
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23
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100
90
80
Undegraded NSP (% of inatke)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Feed Ileum Cecum Colon Feces
Mannose Uronic acid Arabinose Galactose Glucose Xylose Rhamnose
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Cellulose
+ GAX
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80 coumaric acid
monoferulic acid
70 diferulic acid
60
50
40
30
20 NSP
10
0
ileum colon total tract
Recalcitrant fibres
Take home message
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Contact:
walter.gerrits@wur.nl
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