INDEX
abundance of elements in earth's crust 6
adhesive bonding of aluminium 161,
179-180
aerospace/aircraft
aluminium alloys in 134, 137, 141,
146-53, 155-6, 159, 170-5,
221-2, 226
composites in 367-72
helicopters 159-60, 275-6, 279
magnesium alloys in 279
RSP alloys in 388
titanium alloys in 308-9, 316-8,
333^, 347, 354-9
age- (precipitation-) hardening
of aluminium alloys
ageing processes 57-9, 61-70, 114-5
age softening 130
cast alloys 221, 226-7
clustering phenomena 51-2,
62-66, 141
interrupted ageing 68-70, 136-7
microalloying (trace element)
effects in 49-53, 132-4, 144,
149, 156-7
secondary precipitation and
hardening 66-70, 136-7, 153,
221-2, 281
wrought alloys 114-120
decomposition of supersaturated solid
solutions 43-6
GP zones solvus 46-7
of magnesium alloys 240-1, 243-9,
259-61, 268-71, 274-81, 284-5
mechanisms 53-61
415
precipitate-free zones at grain
boundaries 47-9
of titanium alloys 301-5, 315-7, 326,
332-4
alkali metals 1
in aluminium-lithium alloys 158-9
allotropic transformation in titanium 299
alloy designations
of aluminium alloys
cast alloys 207-13
wrought alloys 115-21, 124-5
of magnesium alloys
cast alloys 2 4 3 ^
wrought alloys 245-6
of titanium alloys 300-1
amorphous alloys 393-7
annealing of
aluminum alloys 42-3
a/p titanium alloys 318-22
anodizing
aluminium alloys 70, 140, 161, 360
magnesium alloys 290
ARALL laminate 368-9
architecture, building and
construction 122, 126,
128, 139, 184,307,362
atom probe field ion microscopy
51-2,64-5
automobiles
brazed heat exchangers 168-9
cast aluminium alloys in 221,
224-5, 232-4
cast magnesium alloys in 224-5, 262,
264, 266-8, 272-3, 293-5
416 INDEX

automobiles (Continued) Hazelett 101-2

metal matrix composites in 377-8 Hunter 101
wrought aluminium alloys in 131, 138, ILP (improved low pressure) 233-4
140, 175-82 investment casting of titanium alloys
wrought titanium alloys in 360-1 347, 363-3
permanent mould (gravity die) 205,
bauxite 15-16, 19 208-15,220-1,224-7,231,
Bayer process for producing alumina 16-17 243-4, 257, 271-2
bearings in aluminium alloys 131, 193-5 pressure die 205-6, 208-215, 227,
beryllium 2 4 3 ^ , 254-5, 293-6
effect on oxidation resistance of cast Properzi 101, 198
Al-Mg alloys 227 rheocasting 229
Lockalloy (AlBeMetTM 162) 4, 6 sand casting 205-6, 208-215, 225,
physical properties 1-2, 4-5 227-8, 243-44, 354-5, 293-6,
preparation 4, 6 semi-solid 228-9, 255-7
stiffness 2, 5 squeeze casting 229-32, 255
uses 2-4 strip casting of magnesium alloys 258
biomaterials, titanium alloys in 363-5 thixomoulding 229, 255-7
bismith in cathodic protection by
aluminium alloys 132, 142, aluminium alloys 73, 228
magnesium alloys 238 magnesium alloys 291
blistering in aluminium alloys 110-1 clinching 180
boron in grain refinement of aluminium coarse intermetallic (constituent) particles
alloys 102-5 in wrought
bottle caps 129 aluminum alloys 77-83, 135
brazing in cobalt
aluminium alloys 116, 129, solid solubility in aluminium 30
167-9, 228 in powder metallurgy aluminium
titanium alloys 344 alloys 125, 190-1
brucite as magnesium source 22 cold working of titanium alloys 337-8
composites 367-81
cadmium laminated composites 367-70
in aluminium alloys 49, 132 metal matrix composites 372-81
solid solubility in sandwich panels 370-2
aluminium 30 consumable-electrode arc furnace 25-7
magnesium 238 consumption of light metals 88-10, 176
calcium continuous casting of aluminium
in superplastic aluminium alloy 195 alloys 101-2
in magnesium alloys 239, 265-9 corrosion
canstock in wrought aluminium alloys in aluminium alloys 70-7
130, 184-7 alloying elements and impurities 73-5
carbon in titanium alloys 26, 314 cast alloys 214-5, 227
carnallite as magnesium source 22 cavitation 76
casting processes cladding of sheet 73, 75, 108-9, 111,
Alusuisse 101 119, 129, 135, 196
compocasting 229 conversion coatings 70-1
Cosworth 232-3 crevice 76, 351-2
direct-chill (DC) 99-100, 196, 257 dissimilar metals, contact with 71-2

electrode potentials 71-3, 77
exfoliation (layer) corrosion 74, 149
filiform 76
metallurgical and thermal
treatments 77
pitting 71, 73-5, 352
waterline corrosion 76
wrought alloys 73-7, 129, 131,
135, 138
in magnesium alloys 2 3 9 ^ 2 , 262, 280,
288-91, 390
in rapidly solidified alloys 389-90
in titanium alloys 299, 351-2, 359-63
corrosion fatigue in
aluminium alloys 9 3 ^ , 135
clad alloys 135
titanium alloys 354-5, 360
creep age forming (CAF) of aluminium
alloys 174-5
creep forming of titanium 286
creep in
aluminium alloys 94-5, 1 3 2 ^ , 137,
155, 158, 189
magnesium alloys 259-60, 262-8, 272,
274-5, 277-82, 284, 379
titanium alloys 304, 306, 309-15, 317,
331,348
deformation (transition) bands in rolled
aluminium alloys 32-3
degassing of molten
aluminium alloys 97-9
magnesium alloys 251-2
die soldering during die casting 210-1, 254
diffusion bonding of titanium alloys 337,
343-4, 355-6, 358
diffusion coefficients of elements in
aluminium 105, 385
directionality of grain structure in
cast aluminium alloys 230, 234
wrought aluminium alloys 77-81
discontinuous (cellular) precipitation in
magnesium-aluminium alloys 259-60
titanium alloys 327-8
dispersoids in wrought aluminium
alloys 74-5, 79, 82-3, 86-7, 105-6,
112-3, 144
dolomite as magnesium source 22
Index 417
Duralcan metal matrix composites 373, 378
Duralumin 134, 146
earing of aluminium alloy sheet 3 9 ^ 0 , 186
electric storage batteries 200-2
electrical conductor aluminium alloys
122, 129, 131, 198-200
electron back scattered diffraction
(EBSD) 39
equal channel angular pressing (ECAP),
equal angular extrusion (ECAE) 401-3
erbium in titanium alloys 391
extrusion
of aluminium alloys 77, 107-8, 122,
126, 1 3 8 ^ 1 , 189
of magnesium alloys 285-7, 271
of powder alloys 189, 193, 384, 389
recrystallized grains at surface of 77, 108
fatigue
aluminium alloys 84-9, 115, 136, 138,
170-1,222-4,230-1
clad aluminum alloy sheet 135
effects of thermomechanical processing
86-7, 115
fretting damage 350
magnesium alloys 85
metal matrix composites 379-80
rapidly solidified alloys 389
squeeze cast alloys 230-1, 379-80
steel 85
titanium alloys 307, 313-5, 320-2,
339-40,346,348-51,355
welded aluminium alloys 163-5
fluidity in cast aluminium alloys 209
fluxes
brazing aluminium alloys 168
melting of aluminium alloys 99
melting of magnesium alloys 250-1, 280
foams metallic 3 8 1 ^
foil, wrought aluminium alloys in 97,
122, 129, 187-8
forgings of
aluminium alloys 77, 109, 112, 126,
132, 147-8, 230-1
magnesium alloys 287-8
titanium alloys 309-12, 317-8, 320,
331,334-6,339-40
418 Index
forming limit curves for aluminium alloy
sheet 37-8
Fray, Farthing and Chen (FFC) process
for producing titanium 27
gadolinium in magnesium alloys 281-2
galling in titanium alloys 336, 340-1, 350
gallium in
aluminium alloys 146, 201
titanium alloys 300, 306
gas solubility
hydrogen in
aluminium 97-8, 110
magnesium 251
titanium 25-6
oxygen and nitrogen in aluminum and
titanium 26
GLARE laminate 368-70
grain refinement of
aluminium alloys 75, 102-5
magnesium alloys 242, 2 5 2 ^
Guinier-Preston zones
in age-hardening 44-46, 53-54
in aluminium alloys 44-45, 47, 49,
51,57-9,61,65,68,91, 114,
141, 147
in magnesium alloys 247-9, 261, 278
solvus31,46-7, 49, 269
microallying (trace element) effects on
49-51
Hall-Heroult process of aluminium
production 17-20
Hall-Petch effect in a-titanium alloys 307
hardenability effects in titanium alloys
317,325,333-4
Hazelett process for slab casting of
aluminium alloys 101-2
heat exchangers
brazed aluminium alloys in automobiles
168-9
titanium alloys in 308, 359
homogenization of aluminium alloys
105-7,185
hot isostatic pressing (HIP) 345-6
hot tearing during solidification 201,
228, 266
hot working of titanium alloys 335-6
Hunter process for strip casting of
aluminium alloys 101
hydride formation in
magnesium alloys 252, 276-7
titanium alloys 306-7, 349-50, 353
hydrogen, embrittlement of
aluminium alloys 92
titanium alloys 306, 310, 349, 353
ilmenite as titanium source 25
ILP (improved low pressure) casting
process 233-4
indium in aluminium alloys 150,
146, 201
intercrystalline cracking of aluminium
alloys 74-5, 130, 144-5
ion plating of titanium alloys 341, 351
lead in aluminium alloys 132, 142,
190, 195
liquation (overheating) of aluminium
alloys 109-10, 146
lithium-containing aluminium alloys
153-60
Luders bands (stretcher strain markings)
in aluminum alloy
sheet 40-1, 131, 177-8
machining of
aluminium alloys 132, 142, 225, 228
magnesium alloys 291
titanium alloys 339-41
magnesite as magnesium source 22
martensite in titanium alloys
hexagonal a'"-phase 301, 304-5,
307-8,310,312,315,319,
322-5, 329
lath martensite 323-4
orthorhombic (a") martensite 323-8
tempering 327-8
twinned martensite 324, 327-8
mechanical alloying 397-9
melt spinning 384, 391, 393
melting and casting of
aluminium alloys 97-105
magnesium alloys 250-8
titanium alloys 25-6, 347-8
Metal Hydride Reduction process for
producing titanium powder 345

metal matrix composites 320-9
aluminium alloys 372-81
magnesium alloys 378-80
titanium alloys 380-1
military equipment 131, 142, 362
modification of aluminium-silicon alloys
216-20
nanophase alloys 400-3
nitinol 347, 365
O phase in rapidly solidifed aluminium
alloys 386
omega (co) phase in titanium alloys 323,
325,328-31,333,354
omega (H) phase in aged aluminium
alloys 52, 133,226
orange peeling of aluminum alloy sheet
40,43
ordering in a-titanium alloys 305, 310-1,
313,315
packaging, wrought aluminium alloys in
9, 122, 129-30, 184-8
paint bake cycle for aluminum alloy
automotive sheet 178
partitioning of elements in titanium alloys
320, 325, 329
peening of aluminium alloy welds 163
phosphorous in aluminium-silicon alloys
217-8, 225-6
physical properties of metals 5
physical vapour deposition (PVD) 341-2,
399^00
TT-phase in cast AlSiMg alloys
222-3
Pidgeon process for magnesium
production 23-4
plasma nitriding of titanium alloys 341-2
plate (see sheet and plate)
porosity in cast aluminum alloys 209-10
Portevin Le Chatelier effect 41, 178
positron annihilation spectroscopy 67
powder metallurgy
atomization of powders 188, 192-3,
345, 384-5, 387, 395
aluminium alloys 188-93
titanium alloys 344-6
Index 419
precipitate-free zones at grain boundaries
of aged alloys 47-9, 54-5, 91
precipitate shearing by dislocations 53-6,
85-6, 88-9, 153-^
precipitation processes in
aluminium alloys 57-9
magnesium alloys 247-8
production of
aluminium 7-8, 15-21
magnesium 7, 21-4
titanium 10-1, 24-27
Properzi process 101, 198
Q-phase in AlMgSiCu alloys 141
quasicrystals 392-3
quench sensitivity 112-3, 140, 144, 146,
151,375-6
quenching of
titanium alloys 316, 322-6
wrought aluminium alloys 1 1 1 ^ , 140,
146-7, 333
R-values in sheet 37, 39, 78, 339
rapid solidification processing 384-92
recycHng of light alloys 8, 1 1 ^ , 177, 185
retrogression and re-ageing (RRA)
149-50
rivets and riveting 117, 134, 160, 179, 334
rutile as titinium source 25
scandium in
aluminum alloys 52-3, 156
magnesium alloys 282
sea water as magnesium source 22
semi-solid casting of
aluminium alloys 228-9
magnesium alloys 255-7
shape memory in titanium alloys
347, 364-5
shear bands in rolled aluminium
alloys 32-3
sheet and plate
aluminium alloys 81, 83-4, H I ,
117-20, 122-3, 126, 128-31, 135,
138, 170-2, 175-84
canstock 185-7
roll cladding of aluminium alloys 108-9
magnesium alloys 245-6, 283-5
420 Index
sheet and plate (Continued)
strip casting of sheet 101-2, 258
superplastic alloys 195-8, 336-7
titanium alloys 334-7, 343, 362
welding of thin sheet 162
shipping 131, 182-4,361-2
short transverse direction in wrought
aluminium alloys 77-8, 80-1, 90, 136,
139, 152
titanium alloys 339-40
silver
in magnesium alloys 274, 278-9
microalloying effects in aged
aluminium alloys 48, 51-2,
132-4, 144, 149, 226
sodium
in aluminium-lithium alloys
158-9
modification of cast aluminium-silicon
alloys 217-20
soldering of aluminium alloys 169
solid solubility of elements in
aluminium 30
magnesium 238
rapidly solidified alloys 385
titanium 300
solid solution strengthening
aluminium alloys 29, 32, 34, 129
magnesium alloys 249-50
titanium alloys 305, 310, 318, 333
solution treatment of
aluminium alloys 44, 49, 62, 109-11,
116, 140-1
magnesium alloys 270-1,
275, 279
titanium alloys 302-3, 311, 316,
325-6, 333
Space Shuttle 157
spray forming (Ospray process) of
aluminium alloys 192-3
squeeze casting of
aluminium alloys 229-32
magnesium alloys 255
stiffness of materials
composites 367-79
metals and alloys 1-2, 4, 153
strength/density relationships for
engineering materials 3
stress-corrosion cracking
cast AlMg alloys 227
effects of ageing in aluminium alloys
114, 146-51
magnesium alloys 283, 289
mechanism in aluminium alloys 89-93
powder metallurgy alloys 190
relationship to grain direction 77-8
titanium alloys 3 5 2 ^
welded AlZnMg alloys 142-6
wrought aluminium alloys 136, 139,
146-52, 158
strontium in
cast AlSi alloys 220
magnesium alloys 226-7
superconductivity in
amorphous alloys 396
magnesium-boron alloy 296
titanium alloys 328
superplasticity
in aluminium alloys 195-8
in nanophase alloys 401
in titanium alloys 336-7
surface treatment
of aluminium alloys 71
of magnesium alloys 289-90
of titanium alloys 341-2
temper designations
cast aluminium alloys 207-8
magnesium alloys 243-7, 258-9
wrought aluminium alloys 115-20
tempering of titanium martensites 327-8
textures in
aluminium alloys 39-40, 185-6
titanium alloys 338-9, 349
thermomechanical treatment of wrought
aluminium alloys 115, 150, 197
thixmoulding
of aluminium alloys 228-9
of magnesium alloys 255-7
titanium in grain refining aluminum
alloys 102-5
titanium aluminides 348, 392, 403-11
toughness and fracture toughness in
alumium alloys 80-4, 135-7, 151-3,
158-9, 217-8
composites 369, 374, 379

rapidly solidified alloys 389
titanium alloys 307, 320, 331-2, 334
turbine blades
gas turbines 317-8, 354-6
steam turbines 354-5, 360
volumetric shrinkage in cast aluminum
alloys 209
welding of
aluminium alloys 142-6, 161-7, 234-5
friction stir welding 164-7
laser welding 167
metal inert gas (MIG) welding 161-4
tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding
161-4
Index 421
TIG dressing of welds 163-5
'white zones' adjacent to welds
144-5
magnesium alloys 292
titanium alloys 342-3
Widmanstatten microstructure in titanium
alloys 307-8, 311-2, 319-22, 330-1
work (strain) hardening of wrought
aluminium alloys
non-heat-treatable alloys 128-31
secondary effects 40
strain-hardening characteristics 34-6
substructure hardening 36-7
textures 3 9 ^ 0
work-hardening exponent 35-6