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of IS 456:2000)
99.1 INTRODUCTION:
When a structural member like beam, slab etc. are loaded due to dead load or super imposed load,
they deflect in a particular pattern. The pattern is parabolic for applied uniformly distributed
loading, triangular for point loading or concentrated loading, trapezoidal for two concentrated
load acting at middle third of span or any convinient shape as per loading pattern. All the above
patterns are for simple support.
But in this chapter in depth study as mentioned in Annexure-C of IS 456 : 2000 will not be used;
instead simplified deflection check as specified in clause - 23.2 of IS 456 : 2000 will be used.
Note : Detailed analysis is done in the reference-13 i.e. Analysis and Design of T-beam Bridge
Over Rangiya Nala (Using Limit State Method))
M
Z
We know that
bD 2
M Z wl 2 / 8
6
4
b D / l
2
w
3
1
K
Lets take C1C2 = constant
l K
D
l/D
To account for steel fraction and non-homogeneous nature of concrete instead of taking ,
l/d
is taken into account by IS code and the value of K is fixed.
9.3.1 The final deflection due to all possible type of loading due to creep, shrinkage and temperature
effect etc. should not be greater than span/250 which is measured from as last level of supports of
roofs.
9.3.2 The deflection including effect of temperature, creep and shrinkage occurring after erection of
partitions and the application of finishes should be restricted to span/350 or 20 mm whichever is
lesser.
9.3.3 The span to depth ratio should be limited to the following values in case of span up to 10m.
* Cantilever 7
* Simply supported 20
* Continuous 26
9.3.4 If the span length exceeds 10m, then the above values should be multiplied to 10/span incase of
absence of detailed analysis except for cantilever section; for which detailed analysis is
mandatory.
9.3.5 The values of section 9.3.3 should be multiplied with fig.-4 and fig.-5 of IS 456:2000 taking
tension and compression steel into account both the figures are reproduced here below.
0.87 f y
0.58 f y
1.5
[Note : The value of 0.58 fy is derived from ]
9.3.6 In case of flanged beam, i.e. for T-beam or L-beam or I-section beam, the value given in section
9.3.3 will be further modified as per fig.-6 of IS 456 : 2000 after modification using section 9.3.4
and 9.3.5. The figure is reproduced here below. Also in this case the area will be taken b fd for
modification while using section 9.3.4 and section 9.3.5.
9.3.7 In case of slabs spanning in two directions, shorter span will be considered for calculation of span
to effective depth ratio.
9.3.8 For two-way slabs of shorter span (upto 3.5m) and reinforced with mild steel bars along with
loading class upto 3 kN/m2, following values should be used. Also in case HYSD bars are used for
reinforcement, the values given below will be multiplied by 0.8.
* Simply supported slab 35
* Continuous slab 40
Example-9.1 :
A simply supported R.C.C. rectangular beam of b D size as 200 mm 300 mm is reinforced
with 3 - 16 bars and 2 -12 bars as compression and tension reinforcement. The steel are
required to resist the load applied is 563 mm 2. The grade of concrete M 25 and steel is Fe415.
Check deflection of the beam if length of beam is 5m and effective depth as 250 mm.
Soln. Given data : b = 200 mm, D = 300 mm, d = 250 mm
Ast proved 3 16 2 603.18 mm 2 Ast required 563mm2
4
,
Asc provided 2 122 226.20 mm 2
4
603.18
100 1.206% Pt
200 250
% of tension steel
226.20
100 0.4524% Pc
200 250
% of compression steel
Modification factor for tension steel (k1)
Ast req. 563
f s 0.58f y 0.58 415 224.67 N / mm 2
Ast prov. 603.18
226.19
pc 100 0.047%
1200 400
Note : For % of steel calculation, bfd is used instead of bwd as per cl-23.2.1(e) note.
980
f s 0.58 415 187.71N / mm 2
1256.637