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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA

Precipitating Factors: Predisposing Factors:


Bacteria Age (>65)
Smoking Transmission
Exposure to some chemical s or >People with pneumonia expel infected
pollutants (toxic fumes): farmer droplets of mucus into the air when they
cough.
>Pneumonia is spread when others breathe
the infected droplets.
Acute Pain-chest S. pneumoniae enters the
air way

Frequent Bacteria attachment and colonization to the


nonproductive cough mucus and cells of the nasopharynx

Risk for
aspiration Spread of organism in the
Impaired oral nasopharynx
Upon auscultation
mucosa
crackling sounds,
Breath trough Invasion of organism in the coarse breathing
the mouth bronchial tree

Impaired host defense


Ineffective airway
clearance mechanism Adherence of organism in the
alveolar wall
Increased mucus Damage to the surface cells
production
Chest x-ray may show a
Activity Fluid enters the alveoli and blotchy-white area, where
intolerance Ineffective breathing fluid and pus has
pattern inflammation
accumulated in the lung's air

Impaired gas Consolidation of red cells


exchange Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs and leukocytes in the lungs
tend to consolidate

Fatigue
A
A

Cytokine Bradykinin Histamine

stimulate Narrowing of blood


Stimulate goblets vessels
cells
Increase in Air pass trough
-cough
temperature Cough narrowed airways
-rales
medicines/ -colds
Fever antitussives
DOB

Hyperthermia r/t Antipyretics Bronchodilator/


infectious process Oxygen Therapy

LEGEND
Signs and symptoms References:
Nursing Diagnosis http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135
Diagnostic tests http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/205/main.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48088405/Pneumonia
Drugs http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

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