Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

MAEG3030 Fluid Mechanics

Instructor: Prof. Dongyan Xu
Tel: 3943 8045; Office: ERB 206; dyxu@mae.cuhk.edu.hk

Course Website: http://elearn.cuhk.edu.hk

Tutors: Liu, Yi (1155056504@link.cuhk.edu.hk)
Tang, Jiaqi (1155085898@link.cuhk.edu.hk)
Wei, Haoxiang (1155086158@link.cuhk.edu.hk)
Lectures: Tue 1:30PM 2:15PM MMW 703
Thu 2:30PM 4:15PM LHC 104
Office Hours: Tue 3:00PM 5:00PM ERB 206
Tutorials: TBA
 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Description:
Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluids at rest or in motion. The
following topics will be covered:

Introductory concepts, scope of fluid mechanics, and fluid

statics; (Chp. 1, 2, and 3)
Control volume forms of basic equations; (Chp. 4)
Differential forms of basic equations; (Chp. 5 and 6)
Dimensional analysis and correlation of experimental data;
(Chp. 7)
Internal incompressible viscous flow; (Chp. 8)
External incompressible viscous flow; (Chp. 9)
One-dimensional compressible flow. (Chp. 12)
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Goals:
The primary objective of this course is to help students to develop
an orderly approach to problem solving.
Upon the completion of the course, the students are expected
to be able to apply the governing equations to a variety of
problems, including those they have not encountered
previously.
The course particularly emphasizes physical concepts
throughout to help students model the variety of phenomena
that occur in real fluid flow situations.
The course emphasizes the systematic and fundamental
approach to problem solving. Students will develop confidence
in their ability to apply the material and to find that they can
reason out solutions to rather challenging problems.
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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

OBA Teaching & Assessment:

Basic Philosophy of OBA:

o Planning before teaching (targeted course outcomes
materials to teach assessment methods);
o Reflection afterwards (Did students learn what I
planned for them? If not, what needs to be changed in
the next teaching?).

I will upload the OBA Teaching Plan to Blackboard soon.

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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Textbook:

Robert W. Fox, Alan T. McDonald, Philip J. Pritchard, and John

W. Mitchell, Fluid Mechanics, 9th Ed., SI Version, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. (Can be purchased through CUHK bookstore)

Assessment:
Assignments 20 %
Midterm Exam 40 %
Final Exam 40 %

Note: Midterm exam will be arranged in class on March 2, 2017.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Two newly developed wind turbines to reach high elevations (and

hence wind speed).

Reading: Chapter 1, pp. 1-13 6

 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

1.1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluids at rest or in motion. It has
been applied in such areas as:

The design of canal, levee, and dam systems;

Pumps, compressors, and piping and ducting in air conditioner;
The piping systems needed in the chemical plants;
The aerodynamics of automobiles and sub- and supersonic air-
planes;
The development of many different flow measurement devices
such as gas pump meters.
Large-scale wind turbines, energy generation from ocean
waves, 7
 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Definition of a Fluid
Fluids tend to flow when we interact with them; while solid tend to
deform or bend.
A more formal and precise definition of a fluid: A fluid is a substance
that deforms continuously under the application of a shear
(tangential) stress no matter how small the shear stress may be.
Fluids can take the forms or phases of liquids and gases (or vapors).

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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Note that a fluid in contact with a solid surface does not slip it has
the same velocity as that surface because of the no-slip condition, an
experimental fact.

The amount of deformation of the solid depends on the solids

modulus of rigidity G.

The rate of deformation of the fluid depends on the fluids viscosity .

We refer to solids as being elastic and fluids as being viscous.

A number of substances or systems are viscoelastic such as biological

tissues and the system of springs and shock absorbers comprising the
car suspension.

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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

1.2 Basic Equations

The basic laws, which are applicable to any fluid, are
The conservation of mass
Mechanics &
Newtons second law of motion Thermodynamics!
The principle of angular momentum
The first law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics
In many problems, it is necessary to bring into the analysis
additional relations that describe the behavior of physical properties
of fluids under given conditions.
The ideal gas equation of state:
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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

1.3 Methods of Analysis

The first step is to define the system that you are attempting to
analyze.
Mechanics: Free-body diagram
Thermodynamics: Closed system or open system
Fluid Mechanics: system or control volume

System (closed) Control Volume 11

 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Thermodynamics
We mainly utilize conservation of mass and the first and
second laws of thermodynamics.
Our focus is energy.

Fluid Mechanics
We will be most interested in conservation of mass and
Newtons second law of motion.
Our focus is force and motion.
Similar to thermodynamics, we must be aware of whether
we are using a system or control volume approach!
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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Differential versus Integral Approach

The basic laws can be formulated in terms of infinitesimal or
finite system and control volumes.
Both approaches are important and will be developed.
The first approach will result in differential equations. The
solution provides a means of determining the detailed
behavior of the flow.
Frequently, the information sought does not require a
detailed knowledge of the flow. It is more appropriate to use
integral formulations of the basic laws

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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Methods of Description
Lagrangian method of description: It is easy to keep track of
identifiable elements of mass (e.g., in particle mechanics).

Newtons Second Law:

Eulerian method of description: It focuses attention on the

properties of a flow at a given point in space as a function of
time.
Assumption: Fluids may be treated as continuous media.
The properties of a flow field are described as functions
of space coordinates and time.
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General Approach to Problem Solving

1. State briefly and concisely the information given.
2. State the information to be found.
3. Draw a schematic of the system or control volume to be used in
the analysis. Be sure to label the boundaries of the system or
control volume and label appropriate coordinate directions.
4. Give the appropriate mathematical formation of the basic laws
that you consider necessary to solve the problem.
5. List the simplifying assumptions that you feel are appropriate in
the problem.

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6. Complete the analysis algebraically before substituting

numerical values.
7. Substitute numerical values (using a consistent set of unites) to
obtain a numerical answer.
a) Reference the source of values for any physical properties.
b) Be sure the significant figures in the answer are consistent
with the given data.
8. Check the answer and review the assumptions made in the
solution to make sure they are reasonable.
9. Label the answer.

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1.4 Dimensions and Units

Dimensional Consistency
Each term in an equation should be reducible to the same dimensions.

Bernoulli equation:

Dimensions: 17
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 Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (2016-17)

Summary
How fluids are defined, and no-slip condition
System/control volume concepts
Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions
Unites and dimensions

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