A.P.

Environmental Science Name

_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 14 Geology and Non-renewable Mineral Resources
Key Ideas/terms Notes
14-1 Earths major
Geologic Processes and
Hazards pg. 347
A. The Earth Define Geology =
Geology

Layers of List/describe:
the Earth
1.

2.

3.

4.

Define Lithosphere=
Lithosphere
Define =
B. The Earth is
moving (347)
Define =
Convection
Cells
Define =
Subduction zone =
Tectonic Magma =
Plates

Subduction Define

Define

Oceanic Define
Ridges

Trench

Transform
fault
List/describe/examples types
1.
C. Earths Surface
(pg. 349)
Weathering 2.

3.

Formation

Erosion

D. Volcanoes (350)
A.P. Environmental Science Name
_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 14 Geology
Key Ideas/terms Notes
E. Earthquakes (350) Causes
Seismic waves
Focus
Epicenter
Seismograph
Richter scale
F. Tsunamis (352) Causes

14-2 Earths Rock (353)

A. Rock types
Minerals =

Rock =

List/Describe/examples
Rock Types
1.

2.

3.

B. Rock Cycle (354) =

14-3 Mineral Resources

(355)
A. Non-renewable
Mineral
resource=
Metallic =
Non-metallic =
Ore =
High-grade =
Low grade =

Reserves =

B. Mineral Use (355)

Life Cycle =

Grade =

C. Removing Minerals
Define =
Surface mining
Overburden =
Spoils =
Tailings =
A.P. Environmental Science Name
_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 14 Geology
Key Ideas/terms Notes
Pg. 357 cont

Types of surface mining 1.

2.

3.

4.

Subsurface Mining =

D. Environmental Effects (357)

List environmental effects of mining (surface and subsurface)

Tropical Gold Mining

Problems (358) =

E. Removing Metals from Ore

(360)
Ore mineral =
Gangue =
Tailings =

Smelting =

Cyanide =
A.P. Environmental Science Name
_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 14 Geology
Key terms/Ideas Notes
14-4 Nonrenewable mineral
resources (360)
A. Mineral Resources
Worlds largest
suppliers =

B. Economically Depleted =

Choices when
minerals are
unavailable

Depletion time Short Depletion time =

Long depletion time =

C. Market Price and

Mineral supplies (361) The result of scarce supplies:

Developed countries:

Depletion allowance =

Geologist Findings: for every 10,000 possible deposits how many become
productive mines?
D. The U.S. General Mining
Law 1872 (362) Purpose:

Guideline

Cons of law:

Examples:
 Revisions to law:

A.P. Environmental Science Name

_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 14 Geology and Non-renewable Resources
Key Ideas/terms Notes
E. Mining Low Grade Techniques
Ores (363)

Negatives of mining Low Grade ore:

In-situ Mining =

Biomining =
Pros:
Cons:

F. Mineral from the Examples of minerals extracted from the ocean profitably:
Ocean (364)

Hydrothermal Vents =

Black smokers=
14-5 Using Resources
Sustainably (365)
Material Revolution - Examples:
A. Substitutes

Nanotechnology =

B. Recycle/Reuse
Metals (366)

C. More sustainable
mineral resource Use
(366)
 D. Pollution Prevention
(366)

A.P. Environmental Science Name

_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 20 Water Pollution
Key Ideas/terms Notes

A.P. Environmental Science Name
_________________________
Unit: 1 Earths Resouces Chapter: 20 Water Pollution
Key Ideas/terms Notes
20-5D cont.
Bleaching =

Disinfection
=
methods:

Describe problems when combined:

Storm drains
and sewer
systems
1.
A. Improving 2.
Sewage 3.
Treatment 4.

B. Sustainable ways
to
reduce/prevent
water pollution
(552)

Living
Machine
(pg. 553)