A.

ESTIMATING STEAM FLOW RATE

In a real power plant cycle (the name 'Rankine' cycle used only for the ideal

cycle), the compression by the pump and the expansion in the turbine are not

isentropic. In other words, these processes are non-reversible and entropy is

increased during the two processes. This somewhat increases the power required

by the pump and decreases the power generated by the turbine. In particular

the efficiency of the steam turbine will be limited by water droplet formation. As

the water condenses, water droplets hit the turbine blades at high speed causing

pitting and erosion, gradually decreasing the life of turbine blades and efficiency

of the turbine. The easiest way to overcome this problem is by superheating the

steam. On the T-s diagram above, state 1 is above a two phase region of steam

and water so after expansion the steam will be very wet. By superheating, state

1 will move to the right of the diagram and hence produce a drier steam after

expansion.

TURBINE GENERATOR RATING = 75 kW

1
Compute for generator efficiency:
From Power Plant Engineering by F.T. Morse, page 227 and 228.
0.055 Rating
Generator 0.98
efficiency
Ratedkw Load
1000

Net Energy delivered to the generator = gross energy developed mechanical

friction loss

4
Friction %
Ratedkw
1000
Rated Capacity

For 100% or Full Load Design

0.055
Generator 0.98
efficiency 1 0.78
75
1000

4
Friction % 14.6%
75
1000

Generator
output 75
Turbineoutput 96.2kW
Generator
efficiency 0.78

Gross energy developed = Net energy delivered to the generator + mechanical

friction loss

Gross energy developed = 96.2 + (14.6/100)(75) = 107.2 kW output of turbine

Determine turbine throttle steam pressure and temperature

Selected Boiler Pressure = 10 barg = 145 psg = 159.7 psia = 1 MPa = 1000 kPa
From Steam Table, Tsat = 180 C
From Power Plant Engineering by F.T. Morse, page 324, Fig. 10.2
Use superheat of 125 C
Steam temperature entering the turbine = 180 + 125 = 305 C

Neglecting Pressure Drop in the piping,

Steam pressure entering the turbine = 1000 kPa

Selecting condenser pressure.

2
For the selected turbine, the exhaust pressure is 0.1 bar(a) to 7 bar(a)

condensing.
Use 1 bar = 100 kPa

Solving for the mass flow of steam

At state 1, 1000 kPa, 305 C

h1 3062
.78kJ kg

s1 7.14366
kJ kg K

s2 s1
At state 2,
h2 2594
.82kJ kg

x2 96.43%

p3 100kPa
At state 3,
h3 417.5kJ kg

103 m3 kg
v3 1.04342

p4 1000
kPa
At state 4,

h4 h3 v3 p4 p3 417.5 1.04342
103 1000
100 418.44kJ kg

Assume turbine efficiency as t=75%

h1 h2
TurbinePower t m

3
107.2 0.75 m
3062 .82
.78 2594

0.3054kg s 1100kg hr
m
(THIS IS THE STEAM CIRCULATING THE PLANT)