BRITISH STANDARD BS 3810-9:

1975

Glossary of terms used in

Materials handling
Part 9: Terms used in connection with
rail transport

UDC 001.4:621.86 + 001.4:621.868/.869:629.4

BS 3810-9:1975

Co-operating organizations

The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose

supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives
from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial
organizations:
Associated Offices Technical Committee
Association of Consulting Engineers
Association of Hydraulic Equipment
Manufacturers Ltd.
Association of Mining Electrical and
Mechanical Engineers
British Compressed Air Society
British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers
Association
British Gear Manufacturers Association
British Gas Corporation
British Internal Combustion Engine
Manufacturers Association
British Mechanical Engineering Confederation
British Pump Manufacturers Association
British Steel Corporation
British Steel Industry
Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and
Administrations
Department of Employment and Productivity
(HM Factory Inspectorate)*
Department of the Environment
Department of Trade Marine Division
Department of Trade National Engineering
Laboratory
Department of Industry Mechanical
Engineering
Electricity Supply Industry in England and
Wales
Engineering Equipment Users Association
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction
Equipment and Cranes*
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Heating and Ventilating
Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Plant Engineers
Institution of Production Engineers
London Transport Executive
Machine Tool Trades Association
Ministry of Defence*
National Coal Board
Process Plant Association
Railway Industries Association of Great Britain
Royal Institute of British Architects
Telecommunication Engineering and
Manufacturing Association

The Government departments and scientific and industrial organization

marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were
directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this
British Standard:

British Industrial Truck Association Mechanical Handling Engineers Association

British Overseas Aircraft Corporation
British Railways Board
Cranfield Institute of Technology
Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of
Great Britain
Institute of Materials Handling
Lifting Equipment Manufacturers Association
National Association of Lift Makers
National Ports Council
Road Haulage Association Ltd.
United Kingdom National Committee of the
International Cargo Handling
Co-ordination Association

This British Standard, having

been approved by the
Mechanical Engineering
Industry Standards Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Executive
Board on the Amendments issued since publication
30 September 1975

BSI 11-1999
Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference MEE/159
Draft for comment 73/33144 DC

ISBN 0 580 08730 1

 BS 3810-9:1975

Contents

Page
Co-operating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
9.1 Rail vehicles 1
9.2 Load securing devices 3
9.3 Wagon moving appliances 3
9.4 Wagon unloading devices 6
Index 8
Publications referred to Inside back cover

BSI 11-1999 i
BS 3810-9:1975

Foreword

This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical
Engineering Industry Standards Committee. The following Parts of this standard
are already published:
Part 1: Terms used in connection with pallets, stillages, hand and power
trucks;
Part 2: Terms used in connection with conveyors and elevators
(excluding pneumatic and hydraulic handling);
Part 3: Terms used in connection with pneumatic and hydraulic handling;
Part 4: Terms used in connection with cranes;
Part 5: Terms used in connection with lifting tackle;
Part 6: Terms used in connection with pulley blocks;
Part 7: Terms used in connection with aerial ropeways and cableways.
The terms used in this Part are in general agreement with those given in the
relevant British Standards, and also with accepted terms in industry.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii BSI 11-1999
 BS 3810-9:1975

9.1 Rail vehicles

NOTE In contrast to the practice in road transport, powered handling equipment is seldom built into commercial rail vehicles, but
is normally provided by the terminal installation, with which the rail vehicle is compatible. Railway service vehicles, which often
incorporate mechanical handling features, are not included in this standard. Some rail mounted cranes, as described in 44111, and
similar equipment are used for rail service purposes.

Number Term and definition Typical example

91001 bottom-door hopper wagon. A rail vehicle

which is emptied by opening bottom hopper
doors to discharge between the rails.
Opening and closing of the doors can be
performed either manually, or automatically
by lineside devices.
91002 side-door hopper wagon. A rail vehicle
which is emptied by opening hopper doors to
discharge outside the rail tracks. The doors
are generally manually operated.
91003 end-tipping open wagon. A rail vehicle
which is emptied by tipping longitudinally
to discharge through a top-hinged end door,
normally only at one end. See 94001, 94006.

91004 side-tipping open wagon, tippler wagon.

A rail vehicle which is emptied by being
inverted in a tippler to discharge over the
side. See 94002, 94004, 94005.

91005 rotating centre-coupling wagon. A rail

vehicle which is emptied by rotating it about
the longitudinal axis of the coupling by means
of the tippler described in 94003, thus
permitting the wagon to be discharged
without uncoupling.
91006 tank wagon. A rail tank vehicle for liquids
which is emptied by gravity or assisted by a
suction pump.

91007 cryogenic tank wagon. A pressure-resisting

and heat-insulated rail tank vehicle for
cryogenic liquids (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen).
91008 covered hopper wagon. An enclosed rail
vehicle for powders and granular materials
which is emptied by manually opening sliding
doors to discharge between the rails. It is
fitted with brackets for vibrators (see 94007).

91009 pressure tank wagon. A rail vehicle with one

or more tanks for carrying powders. Discharge is
by gravity, assisted by fluidization and internal
pressure.

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BS 3810-9:1975

Number Term and definition Typical example

91010 diaphragm tank wagon. A rail tank vehicle

for powders. Discharge is by gravity, assisted
by inflation of a flexible membrane between
the contents and the wagon structure. The
membrane permits disparate materials to be
carried on alternate journeys.
91011 turnover-bolster wagon. A rail flat vehicle
with turnover-bolsters to assist slinging or
fork-lifting of long or heavy loads, and with
moveable stanchions to separate portions of
the load.
91012 freightliner-container wagon. A skeletal
rail vehicle with retractable twistlock
fastenings to secure container corner fittings
complying with the requirements of BS 4228
and ISO/R 1161.
91013 coil wagon. A rail vehicle for steel strip coil,
which is provided with longitudinal cradles
and a retractable waterproof hood.

91014 torpedo wagon. An insulated rail vehicle for

molten metal. The rotatable tubular body is
supported on multi-axle bogies at each end.

91015 well wagon. A rail vehicle the floor of

which is at a low level between the bogies
in order to accommodate tall loads. Some
versions have only a skeletal frame to suit
particular loads.
91016 trestle wagon. A wagon or well wagon for
wide steel plates, which are supported on a
trestle.
91017 articulated double-deck car-carrying
wagon. An end-loading rail vehicle for motor
cars, the decks of which incorporate fixings
for restraining the car wheels. The decks have
drop-ends, to provide a continuous floor so that
cars can pass from one wagon to another.
91018 sliding-roof wagon. An open-topped rail
vehicle provided with a roof, which slides into
an end compartment.
91019 Full-side-opening van. A covered rail
vehicle with fixed roof and with sliding or
hinged doors which open in succession to
provide full side access.

2 BSI 11-1999
 BS 3810-9:1975

9.2 Load securing devices

Number Term and definition Typical example

92001 pallet shields. Sheets of plywood or other

material used to prevent crushing and
interlocking of unitized loads due to
vibration and impact in transit.
92002 adjustable wagon ends. End walls of
wagons which are moved in to hold a load
steady in transit, and moved out to provide
space for loading and unloading.
92003 inflatable dunnage. Airtight bags which
are inflated to hold a load steady in transit,
and deflated to provide space for loading
and unloading.
92004 suspended inflatable dunnage. Inflatable
dunnage bags and pallet shields which are
either suspended from the roof of the rail
vehicle or positioned at the ends of the
vehicle or between door pillars, etc.
92005 automatic inflatable dunnage. Fixed
inflatable dunnage bags which are
automatically inflated by the air brake
system before the vehicle moves, and
during the testing of the brakes.

92006 adjustable wagon roof. Wagon roofs

which are raised to accommodate loads
that would otherwise be too tall to pass
under the cant rail, and which provide
vertical restraint upon the load when
lowered.

9.3 Wagon moving appliances

93001 capstan. A system of powered capstan,

fairleads (pulleys) and ropes. Wagons are
moved by attaching a rope and pulling either
directly towards the capstan, or indirectly by
passing the rope around a fairlead. The
capstan may be of fixed head type (with the
end of the rope fixed, like a winch), or free
head type (working on two or three bights of
rope).

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BS 3810-9:1975

Number Term and definition Typical example

93002 beetle. A cable or chain operated device

mounted between the running rails and
remotely controlled. Wagons are moved
by commanding the beetle to extend arms
on which are mounted wheels which
contact the rails and other wheels which
contact the wagon wheels; the beetle is
then drawn along by cable.

93003 mule. A cable operated device mounted

beside the rail track, with an arm which
can be lowered to engage the coupling of
the wagon. After moving a wagon length
the arm is raised and the device reversed
to engage the next wagon.
93004 cable haulage, brake haulage. An
appliance for transporting rail wagons
between different levels by means of a
wire rope running over a power driven
haulage or brake drum.
93005 bodyside friction wheels. Pairs of
opposing lineside devices which propel
and control flat-sided wagons between
rubber-tyred rollers.

93006 dummy axle. A false axle, below the true

axle and nearer to the vehicle end, which
takes the thrust from propelling devices
and prevents damage to the true axle.
93007 feeder. An apparatus with moving endless
chain or chains which moves vehicles
forward by contact with the dummy axle.
93008 ram. A device mounted between the
running rails to push vehicles. Either it
acts on the dummy axle of the vehicle, or
its head carries arms which can be
extended behind the wheels of the wagon.
The stroke of the ram is commonly a
wagon length.
93009 turntable. A disc carrying a length of track,
mounted on a central vertical axis, and
supported by rolling on a peripheral ring. A
wagon positioned on the turntable may be
rotated through the desired angle and sent to
another track.

4 BSI 11-1999
 BS 3810-9:1975

Number Term and definition Typical example

93010 traverser. A structure carrying a length of

track and mounted on a pair of straight rails,
so that a wagon may run on to the structure
from one track, may then be moved laterally
on the structure, and may leave on another
track.
93011 shunting tractor. A mobile appliance,
usually fitted with a buffer plate at one or
both ends for pushing wagons; also capable of
towing wagons by means of a rope. Some
appliances are capable of negotiating
ballasted track.
NOTE Many mobile appliances not so fitted or capable
can shunt wagons by means of a tow rope from a roadway
alongside the track.
93012 road/rail shunting tractor. A shunting
tractor capable of mounting rail tracks and
capable of road and rail movement; usually
incorporating a weight-transfer device to
borrow some of the weight of the adjacent
wagon, and so increase adhesion and tractive
effort.

93013 truck mover. A single-wheeled power

operated mobile appliance which is manually
controlled by means of weight transfer.

BSI 11-1999 5
BS 3810-9:1975

Number Term and definition Typical example

9.4 Wagon unloading devices

NOTE Devices described in other parts of BS 3810 are also used in
unloading rail vehicles, e.g. cranes, fork trucks, slings, etc.

94001 end discharge tippler. A device which

raises one end of the rail wagon (described
in 91003) so that it discharges longitudinally.
It may tip one way only (single ended),
accepting wagons presented to it in the
correct direction; or it may tip either way
(double ended), accepting wagons presented
in either direction.

94002 rotary wagon tippler. A device which

rotates the rail wagon on the longitudinal axis
so that it discharges over the side.

94003 rotary centre coupling wagon tippler. A

device which rotates the rail wagons
(described in 91005) on the longitudinal axis
of the couplings, so that it discharges over the
side without uncoupling.
94004 side discharge tippler. A device which
raises and rotates the rail wagon so that it
discharges over the side but outside the rail
tracks. These devices may be either static or
mobile.

94005 wagon tippler hoist (side). A device which

elevates and then rotates the rail wagon so
that it discharges over the side, generally into
an elevated bunker.

94006 wagon tippler hoist (end). A device which

accepts wagons (as described in 91003) at an
upper level, raises one end so that it
discharges longitudinally, and then lowers it
to ground level. Generally used in docks,
e.g. coal hoist.

6 BSI 11-1999
 BS 3810-9:1975

Number Term and definition Typical example

94007 vibrator. A vibrating device which can be

attached to a hopper wagon, such as that
described in 91008, to assist the gravity
discharge of bulk materials.
94008 hoe. A trackside device to assist the gravity
discharge of bulk materials from hopper
wagons.

94009 wagon discharger. A pusher-plate mounted

on the jib of a crane for discharge of bulk
materials from drop side or side door wagons.
94010 screwdozer. A horizontal auger inserted
through the side door of a wagon which
discharges bulk materials into a receiving
hopper. Material is fed to the auger by two
opposing pusher-plates suspended above the
wagon.

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BS 3810-9:1975

Index
Term Number
adjustable wagon ends 92002
adjustable wagon roof 92006
articulated double-deck car-carrying wagon 91017
automatic inflatable dunnage 92005

beetle 93002
bodyside friction wheels 93005
bottom-door hopper wagon 91001
brake haulage 93004

cable haulage 93004

capstan 93001
car carrying wagon 91017
coil wagon 91013
covered hopper wagon 91008
cryogenic tank wagon 91007

diaphragm tank wagon 91010

double deck wagon 91017
dummy axle 93006
dunnage 92003,
92004,
92005

end discharge tippler 94001

end-tipping open wagon 91003

feeder 93007
freightliner-container wagon 91012
full-side-opening van 91019

hoe 94008
hopper wagon 91001,
91002,
91008

inflatable dunnage 92003

inflatable dunnage, suspended 92004
inflatable dunnage, automatic 92005

mule 93003

pallet shields 92001

pressure tank wagon 91009

ram 93008
road/rail shunting tractor 93012
rotary centre-coupling wagon tippler 94003
rotary wagon tippler 94002
rotating centre-coupling wagon 91005

screwdozer 94010
shunting tractor 93011
shunting tractor, road/rail 93012
side discharge tippler 94004
side-door hopper wagon 91002

8 BSI 11-1999
 BS 3810-9:1975

Term Number
side-tipping open (tippler) wagon 91004
sliding-roof wagon 91018
suspended inflatable dunnage 92004

tank wagon 91006

tippler wagon 91004
torpedo wagon 91014
trestle wagon 91016
truck mover 93013
traverser 93010
turnover bolster wagon 91011

turntable 93009

vibrator 94007

wagon buffing beam 93012

wagon discharger 94009
wagon tippler hoist (end) 94006
wagon tippler hoist (side) 94005
well wagon 91015

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 BS 3810-9:1975

Publications referred to

This standard makes reference to the following British Standard and International Standard:
BS 4228, Corner fittings for freight containers.
ISO/R 1161, Specification of corner fittings for series 1 freight containers.

BSI 11-1999
BS 3810-9:
1975
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