RAHUL CLASSES IIT-SCRA -NDA

Lesson :- 06 dk;Z] tkZ rFkk lkeF;Z ( Work, Energy and Power)

dk;Z (work) :- HkkSfrdh esa dk;Z dh ijhHkkkk nSfud thou esa nh tkus okyh dk;Z dh
ijhHkkkk ls fHk gksrh gS & tSls dksbZ O;fDr Nk=
cqd iM+ jgk gS] ;k pkSdhnkj njokts ij [kM+k gksdj isgjk nsjgk gS] rks HkkSfrdh ds vuqlkj
mlds }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z kwU; gksxkA D;ksfd
u rks og fdlh fi.M ij cy vkjksfir djrk gS vkSj ugh foLFkkiu mRiUUk djrk gSA
HkkSfrdh ds vuqlkj] ;fn fdlh fi.M ij cy vkjksfir djus ij fi.M vius LFkku ls foLFkkfir gks tkrk
gSA rks bl voLFkk esa cy }kjk
dk;Z gksxk A
fu;r cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z ( work done by constant
force ):-
fdlh oLrq ij yxk;k x;k cy] tc oLrq dh LFkfr esa
ifjorZu dj ns]
rks cy dh fnkk fdz;kRed fcUnq ftl fcUnq ij cy
yxk;k tkrk gSA
ds foLFkkiu rFkk cy ds xq.ku Qy dks dk;Z dgrs gSA ekuk fdlh {kSfrt
F
ij j[kh oLrq ij cy yxkdj A ls B fcUnq rd
S W F .S W FS cos
foLFkkiu fd;k tkrk gSA Rkks dk;Z

Tkc cy rFkk fdz;k js[kk dh chp fd;k dk;Z ,d vfnk jkkh gS] bldk SI Unit N m o twy
gksrk gSA rFkk CGS ek=d vxZ
gksrk gSA 1 Joule = 107 erg
1 twy dh ifjHkkkk %& ;fn F= 1N, S = 1 ehVj rks
w = 1 1 Joule W = 1 Joule
;fn fdlh oLrq ij 1N dk cy yxkus ls oLrq esa
foLFkkiu
1 ehVj gks rks fd;k x;k dk;Z ,d twy gksxkA
dk;Z ds izdkj %& 1- /kukRed dk;Z %&tks /kukRed dk;Z
;fn cy F rFkk
90
0

foLFkkiu s ds e/; dks.k gks rks fd;k x;k dk;Z +ve

W F .S FS cos cos ve
/kukRed gksxk rFkk ]
90
0

tc gksrk gSA /kukRed dk;Z dk vFkZ gS] fd ok cy oLrq

;k fudk; dks tkZ iznku djrs gSA TkSls
1- tc fdlh ykWu jksyj dks gRFks dks fnkk esa ] {kSfrt ls
90
0

dks.k
ij cy yxkdj [khapk tkrk gSA rks cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z
/kukRed gksxkA

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2- tc fdlh fLiax dks cy yxkdj [khapk tkrk gS rks okg; cy ;k f[kapo }kjk
fd;k x;k dk;Z /kukRed gksxk A
3- tc xSls ,sls crZu esa j[kh gks Hkjh gks ftlesa ,d ?kkZ.k jfgr fiLVu yxk
gksxk] rks xSl ds vk;ru esa tc izlkj fd;k tkrk gS] rks
fiLVu ij dh vkSj f[kld tkrk gSA bl nkk esa fd;k x;k dk;Z /kukRed gksxkA
90 0

J`.kkRed dk;Z (Nagative work) :- ;fn cy F rFkk foLFkkiu ds e/; dks.k vf/kd d.k rks
fd;k x;k dk;Z J`.kkRed gksxk
cos ve 90 0

D;ksfd tc J`.kkRed dk;Z dk vFkZ gS fd cy

fudk;
;k oLrq ls tkZ ys jgk gSA tSls
1- tc dksbZ O;fDr fdlh fi.M dks i`Foh dh lrg ls ij mBkrk gS] rks xq:Roh;
cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z J`.kkRed gksxkA
2- tc dksbZ fi.M cy yxkus ij [kqjnjs ry ij fQlyrk gS rks ?kkZ.k
cy }kjk fd;k
Wmin FS
x;k dk;Z J`.kkRed gksxkA rc U;wUkre dk;Z
3- tc ,d /kukRed vkosk fdlh vU; /kukRed vkosk leku
izd`fk ds vkosk
dh vksj tkrk gS rc buds chp fLFkj oS|qr cy }kjk dk;Z
J`.kkRed gksxkA
kwU; dk;Z (Zero work ) :- ;fn fdlh oLrq ij yxus okys cy dh fnkk yEcor gks
2- ;fn fdlh oLrq ij yxus oky ifj.kkeh cy kwU; gksA
3- tc dksbZ oLrq ?kkZ.k jfgr {kSfrt lrg ij fQlyrh gS rks xq:Rodcy geskk
foLFkkiu ds yEcor~ gksrk gS A vr% xq:Ro ds }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z kwU; gksxkA
Exp :- 1 tc dksbZ df=e ix`g i`Foh ds pkjksa vksj ifjde.k djrk gS rks cy 900
foLFkkiu
rFkk foLFkkiu ds e/; dks.k 900 gksrk gSA vr% vfHkdsUnzh; Cky }kjk fd;k x;k
FC
dk;Z kwU; gksxkA
2- tc dksbZ O;fDr vius flj ij dqN otu j[k dj IysV QkeZ ij dqN ehVj pyrk gS rks mlds Hkkj
cgk }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z kwU; gksrk
gSA D;ksfd cy rFkk foLFkkiu ds e/; dks.k 900 curk gSA
ifjorhZ cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z (Work done by variable force ):-
xzkQh; fof/k }kjk %& tc vkjksfir cy rFkk ifjek.k ekfnkk nksuks esa
ifjorZu gksrk gSA rks blds izR;sd Hkkx dks vYi ekudj vYi foLFkkiu
dx ds fy, fd;k x;k dk;Z W = F.dx ....(i)
X2
W F .dx W F ( x2 x1 )
X1 x
lekdayu djus ij or ;fn vYifjorZu gksrks
X2
W Limx 0 Fxx W
X2
F dx
x X1 X1

W=F pwWfd foLFkkiu x1 ls x2 gks jgk gSA

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fLizax cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z %&
tc fLizax ds ,d fljs dks fdlh nz<+ vk/kkj ls dl ns
rFkk nwljs fljs ij
m nzO;eku dk dksbZ xqVdk tksM+ ns
lEcfU/kr dj ns vkSj tc fLizax dh
yEckbZ esa o`f} ;k ladqfpr djds NksM+ ns rks
fLizax ij izR;ku;u cy ds
}kjk dk;Z fd;k] xqVds dks lkE; fLFkfr esa ykus dk
iz;Ru
djrk gSA Fr = - Kx .......(i) tgkWa K= fLizax esa
o`f} ;k
ladqpu gSA rc x1= lkE; fLFkfr ls izk0 foLFkkiu
x2 = lkE; fLFkfr esa vfUre] foLFkkiu rks rc
X2
W dw
X1

=
F dx
X2 X2
X1
kxdx
X1

x2
x2
W k
2

x1

2

k 2
x2 x12 1 1
W kx12 kx22
2 2

vr% LiV gS] fd vf/kdre foLFkkiu esa fd;k x;k dk;Z /kukRed rFkk lkE; fLFkfr rd dh xfr esa
J`.kkRed gksrk gSA
tkZ (Energy):- fdlh oLrq ds dk;Z djus dh {kerk dks tkZ dgrs gS] bldk ek=d o foeh; lw=
dk;Z ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
tkZ ds izdkj kinds of energy :- tSls tkZ ds vusd izdkj gSA
1- ;af=d tkZ (mechanical energy ):- fdlh oLrq dh xfrt tkZ ] rFkk fLFkkfrt tkZ ds ;ksx dks
vkUrfjd tkZ dgrs gSA
2-vkUrfjd tkZ(internal energy):- fdlh oLrq esa mlds rki rFkk vUrjk.kfod cyksa ds dkj.k lafpr
tkZ dks vkUrfjd tkZ dgrs gSA
3- eh; rkih; tkZ (thermal energy) :- eh; tkZ ] tkZ dk gh ,d :Ik gS ftls eh; tkZ ;k
rkih; tkZ dgrs gSA fdlh
oLrq esa eh; tkZ v.kqvksa dh vfu;fer xfr ds dkj.k gksrh gSA
4- jklk;fud tkZ ( chemical energy):- fdlh jklk;fud ;kSfxd esa ;kSfxd dh tkZ] jklk;fud ;kSfxd
dh jpuk djus okys rRoksa
dh tkZ esa vUrj jklk;fud tkZ dgykrh gSA
5- fo|qr tkZ (electric energy):- fdlh oS|qr vkosk dks oS|qr {ks= esa ,d fcUnq ls nwljs
fcUnq rd ys tkus esa dk;Z djuk iM+rk gSA
Tkks fd oS|qr tkZ ds :Ik esa lafpr gksrk gSA
6- ukfHkdh; tkZ (nuclear energy):- fdlh ijek.kq ds ukfHkd esa nks izdkj ds HkkSfrd d.k
nutron rFkk proton lfEefyr jgrs gS]
vr% bu d.kks dks ukfHkd esa cka/ks j[kus ds fy, vko;d tkZ ukfHkdh; tkZ dgykrh gSA
izdkk tkZ (Photo energy ) :- fofdj.k tkZ ds {k; Hkkx dks izdkk tkZ dgrs gSA

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lkSj tkZ (Solar energy):- lw;Z rFkk xSysfDl;ksa ls feyus okyh tkZ dks lksyj tkZ ;k lw;Z
tkZ dgrs gSA
/ofu tkZ %& ?ofu tkZ] /ofu lapj.k ds fy, iz;qDr ek/;e ds d.kksa dh dEiUUk tkZ gksrh
gSA ;g tkZ dk ,d ,slk :Ik gS ftlls
gekjs dkuks esa losnuk mRiUUk gksrh gSA
;kaf=d tkZ %& ;kaf=d tkZ nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- Xkfrt tkZ 2- fLFkfrt tkZ
1- Xfrt tkZ (kinetic enrgy):- fdlh xfreku oLrq esa mldh xfr ds dkj.k lafpr tkZ dk;Z djus dh
{kerk xfrt tkZ dgykrh
gSA bls kls iznfkZr djrs gSA bldk ek=d twy gksrk gSA
ekuk fdlh fi.M dk nzO;eku m kg rFkk pky v m/sec ] rc rc fi.M dh xfrt tkZ w = k = F.S.(i)
but F = m.a ..(ii) rks lehdj.k (i) ls k = m.as .(iii)
ekuk d.k dh t = 0 ij osx u = 0 rFkk t le; ckn d.k dk osx v rFkk foLFkkiu s gksrk gSA rks xfr
ds r`rh; lehdj.k ls
v2= u2+2as = v2= u + 2as as = v2/2 (iv) lehdj.k (iii) esa (iv) ls eku j[kus ij
m v2 1
k k mv2
2 2
or 2nd method ;fn fdlh oLrq ij ifjorhZ cy yx jgk gSA ftlds }kjjk dt le;
esa vYi
foLFkkiu ds gksrks fd;k x;k dk;Z d/N = F.ds ..(i) but F= m.a xfr ds f}rh; fu;e ls
dv mdv ds dv dv
F m. F mv dw mv ds
dt ds dt ds ds
.......(ii) lehdj.k (i) o (ii) ls
v
v v2 v2 1
dw o mvdv m
2
wm
2
k mv 2
2
0

Xkfrt tkZ rFkk js[kh; laosx esa lEca/k (Relation between kinetic energy and linear momentum
):-
Ekkuk m nzO;eku dk dksbZ d.k v osx ls xfr eku gSA rc d.k dk laosx p = m.v
v = p/m ..(i)
2
1 1 p 1 m p2
k mv 2 k m
2 2 m 2 m2
Rkc d.k dh xrht tkZ (ii) lehdj.k (i) ls (ii) esa eku j[kus ij

p2

2m

p2
k
2m p 2mk
rFkk
Condition
p m
1- ;fn k fu;r gks rks vFkkZr ;fn vyx&vyx nzO;eku okyh oLrqvksa dh xfrt tkZ fu;r]
rks vf/kd okyh oLrq dk losx

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p1 m1

p2 m2
vf/kd gksxk A rc
p k
2- ;fn m fu;r gks rks vFkkZr leku nzO;eku okyh oLrqvksa ds fy, vf/kdre xfrt tkZ
okyh oLrqvksa ds losx vf/kdre
p1 k
1
p2 k2
gksrs gSA Rkks
1
k
mk const mk cons tan t m
3- ;fn p fu;r gks rks vFkkZr vyx&vyx nzO;eku okyh
oLrqvksa ds losx fu;r gks
rks de nzO;eku okyh oLrq dh xfrt tkZ vf/kdre gksrh gSA

dk;Z tkZ izes; (work energy theorem) :- fu;r cy }kjk fdlh d.k ij vkjksfir cyksa }kjk fd;k x;k
dk;ksZ dks ;ksx bldh xfrt
ki k j
tkZ esa ifjorZu ds cjkcj gksrk gSA ;fn fdlh d.k dh izk0 o vkfUre xfrt tkZ o gks rks
w k f ki
ekuk fdlh oLrq ij
w F .S
F cy yxkus ls d.k dk osx u ls v gks tkrk gSA rFkk d.k dk foLFkkiu s gksrks dk;Z ....
(i)
but F = m.a. rks leh (i) ls w = m.as ..(ii)
rc xfr ds r`rh; lehdj.k ls v2=u2+2as v2-u2=2as as = v2-u2/2.(iii)
v2 u 2 1 1
w m w mv2 mv2 w k f ki
2 2 2
lehdj.k (iii) ls (ii) esa eku j[kus proved
1 dk 1 dv
w mv2 m 2v
2 dt 2 dt
ifjorhZ cy }kjk %& we have that Differentiation both side
dv dk ds kf xf
mv mva m.av
dt dt
F v F
dt ki
dk Fds k k w
xi f i w k f ki

fLFkfrt tkZ dh vfHk/kkj.kk (Concept of potential energy)

fdlh oLrq esa mldh foksk fLFkfr ds dkj.k dk;Z djus dh {kerk fLFkfr tkZ dgykrh gS tSls & rhj
deku dh Mksjh [kahpus ij blesa fLFkfrt tkZ
lafpr gksrh gS ekuk m nzO;eku ds fdlh fi.M dks fcuk xfr iznku fd;s h WpkbZ rd ij mBk;k tkrk
gSA rc okg; dkjd }kjk xq:Rokd.k
cy ds fo:} fd;k x;k dk;Z = mgh
;fn dk;Z fLFkfrt tkZ ds :Ik esa lafpr jgrk gS A ;g tkZ fi.M dh tkZ u gksdj i`Foh rFkk fi.M ds U=
mgh e/; mRiUUk gksrh gSA
Tkc dksbZ oLrq ls h WpkbZ uhps xfr djrh fxjrh gSA rks fLFkfrt tkZ xfrt tkZ esa cny tkrh
gSA ge tkurs gSA xfr ds r`rh; lehdj.k ls

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1 2 1
mv m 2 gh mgh
v 2 u 2 2 gh v 2 0 2 gh v 2 2 gh 2 2
rc
tkZ laj{k.k dk fu;e %& bl fu;e ds vuqlkj tkZ dks u rks mRiUUk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ugh uV
fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldks dsoy ,d :Ik
Eksa :ikUrfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% cEgk.M dh dqy tkZ fu;r jgrh gSA ;gh tkZ laj{k.k dk fu;e
dgkyrk gSA

eqDr :Ik ls fxjrs gq, fi.M dh ;kaf=d tkZ dk laj{k.k fu;e

ekuk m nzO;eku dk dksbZ fi.M h WpkbZ ls uhps fxjrk gSA rks mldh rhu voLFkkvksa A rFkk B ij
dqy tkZ fuEu gksxhA
ge tkurs gSA ;kaf=d tkZ xfrt tkZ rFkk fLFkfrt tkZ ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrh gSA rks E = K +U .(i)
1 2 1
m 0 0 k 0
2
E mv mgh k
2 2
.(ii) 1st fcUnq A ij fi.M d.k dh xfrt tkZ (u= o)
rFkk fLFkfrt tkZ u= mgh ..(A) rc fcUnq ij d.k dh dqy tkZ EA = 0 + mgh E = mgh
1
k mvB2
2 v 2 u 2 2 gh
rFkk 2nd B fcUnq ij xfrt tkZ rc xfr ds r`rh; lehdj.k ls ls
2
vB u 2 gk 2 gk

1
k m 2 gx mgx
2
lehdj.k esa j[kus ij rFkk B ij fLFkfrt tkZ u = mg(h-x) rc dqy tkZ B
fcUnq ij
E= k + u = mgx+ mg(h-x) E = mgx+mgh-mgx
EB = mgh
1
k mv 2f
2
blh izdkj vfUke fcUnq C ij d.k dh xfrt tkZ but xfr ds r`rh; lehdj.k ls
v 2f u 2 2 gh 0 2 gh
= 2gh
1
k m 2 gh mgh
2 v mgh mg 0 0
lehdj.k esa eku j[kus ij
rc C ij d.k dh dqy tkZ E = mgh + 0 E = mgh
vr% fp= ls LIkV gS] fd xfrt tkZ rFkk fLFkfrt tkZ dk eku yxkrkj ifjofrZr gksrk gSA ijUrq budk ;ksx
fu;r jgrk gSA
kfDr (Power) :-
fdlh O;fDRk ;k oLrq ds dk;Z djus dh nj dks kfDr ;k lkeF;Z dgrs gSA vFkkZr ,dkad le; esa fdlh oLrq
}kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z kfDr ;k lkeF;Z
dgykrh gSA bls P ls iznfkZr djrs gS bldk ek=d watt gksrk gSA ;fn dksbZ oLrq E le; esa W twy
dk;Z djrh gSA
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kfDr P = dk;Z@le; P = w/t .(i) ;fn vYi le; dt esa oLrq }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z dw gks rks P = dw/dt rks
dw = P.dt .(ii)
but we have that dw= F.ds lehdj.k (ii) ls Fds = P.dt P = F[ds/dt] P = F.V
vr% LiV gS fd fdlh {k.k fdlh d.k ij yxus okys cy F rFkk ml {k.k ij oLrq ds osx ds xq.kuQy kfDr ds
cjkcj gksrk gSA
F V P F .V FV cos
;fn o ds chp dks.k gksrks
;g ,d vfnk jkfk gS] D;ksfd ;g nks vfnk jkfk;ksa dk vuqikr gSA ek=d mks i}fr esa P= J/sec or kg-
Hkkj (w), watt(okV)
vkSj C.G.S i}fr esa vxZ@lsd.M -mgm-w/sec
other unit :- 1 k.w = 1000 watt 1 mega watt = 106 watt 1 HP = 746 watt
tkZ dk cM+k ek=d = 1 kw.h = 10003.6 103 1kwh = 3.6106 watt.
fi.Mksa dh VDdj vFkok la?kV~V %& tc nks d.k ,d nwljs dh vksj xfr djrs gS] rks lehi vkus ij
ikjLifjd vU;ksU; fdz;k ds dkj.k] mldh xfr ] ;k
laosx ;k tkZ ifjofrZr gks tkrh gSA la?kV~V esa nks d.kks ;k fi.Mksa dk lEidZ esa vkuk t:jh ugha

gSA tSls lw{; d.k tSls d.kksa dh VDdj esa
d.k ,d nwljs dks fcuk LikZ fd;s izdhf.kZr gks tkrs gSA VDdj esa js[kh; losx laj{k.k dk fu;e lnSo
yxw gksrk gSA rFkk dqN VDdj esa xfrt tkZ
lajf{kr jgrh gSA ysfdu dqN VDdjks esa xfrt tkZ esa deh vk tkrh gSA ;g deh ek] rFkk /ofu
mRiUUk djus esa O;; gksrh gSA bl izdkj VDdj
nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 - iw.kZr% izR;kLFk VDdj %& bl izdkj dh VDdj esa js[kh; losx rFkk xfrt tkZ nksuksa lajf{kr
jgrh gSA ijekooh; rFkk ukfHkdh; ewy d.kksa ds chp
VDdj iw.kZ izR;kLFk gksrh gSA ekuk nks d.k ftuds nzO;eku m1 o m2 o VDdj ls iwoZ nksuksa ds osx
dzek% u1 o u2 gS] rFkk VDdj ds Ikpkr buds
m1u1 m2u 2 m1v1 m2 v2
Oksx v1 o v2 gks tkrs gSA rc losx laj{k.k ds fu;e ls rFkk tkZ laj{k.k ds
fu;e ls
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
m1u1 m2u2 m1v1 m2 v2
2 2 2 2

2 - vizR;kLFk VDdj %& bl izdkj dh VDdj esa fudk; d.kksa ;k fi.Mks dk js[kh; laosx lajf{kr gks
tkrk gSA ysfdu xfrt tkZ lajf{kr ugha jgrhA
m1u1 m2u2 m1v1 m2 v2
Rkc js[kh; laosx laj{k.k ds fl}kUr ls
3 - iw.kZr% vizR;kLFk VDdj %& tc nks fi.M ;k d.k VDdj ds Ikpkr ,d nwljs ls fpid tkrs gSA
vkSj ,d fu;r osx ls xfr djus yxrs gSA rks bl
Ikzdkj dks iw.kZRk% vizR;kLFk VDdj dgrs gSA bl izdkj dh VDdj esa tkZ lajf{kr ugh jgrh vFkkZr
xfrt tkZ dks dqN Hkkx vU; tkZvksa esa O;; gks
m1u1 m2u2 m1 m2 v
Tkkrh gSA rc losx laj{k.k ds fl}kUr ls
1 1 1
m1u1 m2u2 m1 m2 Q
2 2

2 2 2
rFkk tkZ laj{k.k ds fl}kr ls tgkW Q d.kksa dh VDdj esa tkZ
gkfu gS tksfd vU; tkZ tSls
ek ] /ofu vkfn ds :Ik esa O;; gks tkrh gSA m1 m2 m1
m2

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nks d.kksa dh lh/kh izR;kLFk VDdj %& u1 u2 v1
v2
VDdj ls iwoZ v1>v2 vkosf{kd osx (u1-u2) VDdj ds ckn (v2-v1)
Tkc fdlh VDdj esa Vdjkus okys d.k VDdj ls igys o VDdj ds Ikpkr ,d gh ljy js[kk] esa xfreku gksrs
gSA rks bl izdkj dh VDdj dks lEew[k
VDdj dgrs gSA ekuk nks fi.M ftuds nzO;eku m1 o m2 gSA rFkk buds VDdj ls igys ds osx u1 o u2 vkSj
VDdj ds Ikpkr osx dzek v1 o
m1u1 m2u 2 m1v1 m2 v2
v2 gks tkrs gSA rc laosx laj{k.k ds fl}kUr ls
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
m1u1 m2u2 m1v1 m2 v2
m1 (u1 v1 ) m2 (v2 u2 ) 2 2 2 2
..(i) rFkk tkZ laj{k.k ds fu;e ls
2 2 2 2
m1 (u v ) m2 (v2 u2 )
1 1 m1 (u1 v1 )(u1 v1 ) m2 (v2 u2 )( v2 u2 )
......(ii)
Lkehdj.k (ii) esa (i) ls Hkkx yxkus ij
m1 (u1 v1 )(u1 v1 ) m2 (v2 u2 )(v2 u2 )

m1 (u1 v1 ) m1 (v2 u2 ) (u1 v1 ) (v2 u2 )
........(iii)
u1 v2 (v1 v2 ) u1 u2 v2 v1

u1 u2 v1 v2
VDdj ls iwoZ dk vkisf{kd osx] VDdj ds ckn vkisf{kd osx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA ysfdu
fnkk foifjr gks tkrh gSA
u1 v1 u2 v2 ;v2
Now lehdj.k (iii) ls dk eku lehdj.k (i) esa j[kus ij
m1 (u1 v1 ) m2 [(u1 v1 u2 ) u2 ] m1 (u1 v1 ) m2u1 m2v1 m2u2 m2u2

m1u1 m1v1 m2u1 m2v1 2m2u2 2m2u2 u1 (m1 m2 ) v1 (m1 m2 )

(m1 m2 )u1 2m2u2

v1
(m1 m2 )
.(iv)
(u1 v1 ) (v2 u2 ) v1 (u2 v2 u1 )
Now lehdj.k (iii) ls
m1 (u1 (u2 v2 u1 )) m2v2 m2u2
Ikqu% lehdj.k (i) esa j[kus ij
m1u1 m2u2 m1v2 m1u1 )) m2v2 m2u2 2m1u1 u2 (m2 m1 ) v2 (m1 m2 )

2m1u1 u2 (m2 m1 )
v2
(m1 m2 )
(v)
m1 m2
Condition (1) tc nksuksa fi.Mksa ds nzO;eku leku gks rc lehdj.k (iv) o (v) ls
2m2u2 2m1u1
v1 0 v1 u2 v2 0 v2 u1
2m2 2m1

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Tkc nksuksa fi.Mksa ds nzO;eku leku gksrs gSA rks lh/kh izR;kLFk VDdj ds ckn muds osx vkil esa
cny tkrs gSA
u2 0
Condition (2) ;fn nwljk d.k fojkekoLFkk esa gks rks VDdj ls iwoZ rc lehdj.k (iv) o (v) ls
2m1 m1 m2
v2 u1 v2 u1 v1 u1 v1 0
m
1 m2 m
1 m2
(vi) .(vii)
Ikgyk d.k VDdj ds Ikpkr fLFkj gks tk;sxk o nwljk igys ds izk0 osx ls xfr djsxkA
m2 m1 u2 0
Condition (3) ;fn rFkk gks rks lehdj.k (vi) ls (vii) ls
v2 u1 v2 0
gksxkA
m2 m1 u2 0
Condition (4) ;fn gks rFkk gks rFkk lehdj.k (vi) o (vii) ls
v1 u1 v2 2u1
gksxkA
VDdj ds fy, U;wVu dk fu;e vFkok izR;koLFkku xq.kkad %&
U;wVu ds VDdj ds fu;keuqlkj] tc nks oLrqvkW dh lh/kh VDdj gksrh gSA rks VDdj ds Ikpkrksa
fi.Mksa ds vkisf{kd osx o VDdj ls iwoZ fi.Mksa dk
visf{kd osxksa dk vuqikr fu;r jgrk gSA ftls izR;koLFkku xq.kkad (e) ds J`.kkRed eku ds cjkcj gskrk
gSA
VDdj ds Ikpkr vkisf{kd osx@VDdj ls iwoZ vkisf{kd osx = -e
Ekkuk nks d.kksa ds VDdj ls iwoZ osx u1 rFkk u2 rFkk VDdj ds ckn osx dzek% v1 o v2 gSA rks
U;wVu ds VDdj ds fu;e ls
v1 v2 v1 v2
e e
u1 u2 u1 u2
or iwoZr% izR;kLFk VDdj ds fy, e = 1
iwoZr% vizR;kLFk VDdj ds fy, e = 0 iw.kZr% rFkk vakr% vizR;kLFk VDdj ds fy, 0 < e < 1

nks d.kksa dh lh/kh vizR;kLFk VDdj] d.k VDdj ds ckn fpid tkrs gSA
u1 u2 m1 m2 v

m1 m2 (m1 +m2)
VDdj ls iwoZ VDdj ds Ikpkr
Ekkuk nks d.k ftuds nzO;eku dzek% m1 o m2 vkSj VDdj ls iwoZ muds osx dzek% u1 o u2
gS vkSj VDdj la?kV~Vds Ikpkr os ,d
nwljs ls fpid tkrs gS vkSj la;qDr gksdj ,d fu;r osx ls xfreku gks tkrs gS A rc lsosx laj{k.k ds
fu;e ls
m u m2u 2
v 1 1
m1u1 m2u2 (m1 m2 )v (m1 m2 )
.(i)

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m1u1 m2 0 (m1 m2 )v
,d foksk voLFkk ds fy, ekuk fd nwljk d.k fojkeoLFkk esa u2 = 0 gSA rc
m1u1
v
(m1 m2 )
..(ii)
1 1 2 1
k1 m1u12 k2 mv m1 m2 v 2
2 2 2
vr% VDdj iwoZ xfrt tkZ ..(iii) rFkk VDdj ds Ikpkr xfrt tkZ
2
1 2 2 2 2
k2 m1 m2 m1u1 1
k2 m1 m2
m1 u1
2
1 m1 u1
2 m1 m2 2 m1 m2 2 m1 m2
.(iv)
k2
k1
vr% lehdj.k (iv)(iii) ls = VDdj ds ckn xfrt tkZ @ VDdj ds iwoZ xfrt tkZ
2 2
1 m1 u 1
k2 2 m1 m2
m1 u1
2 2
m1
k1 1 1

2
m1u1
2 m1 m2 m1u12 m1 m2 m1 m2 m1
..(v)
vr% LiV gS fd VDdj ds Ikpkr d.kksa dh xfrt tkZ ?kV tkrh gSA la?kV~V ds nkSjku xfrt tkZ esa
k k1 k 2
gkfu

y v1 sin
v1
v1 cos

u1 1 x
m1 m2 u2
2
v2 cos
m2
v2
y` v2 sin

2 m1 2 m m2 m1
2 2
1 1 m1 u1 1 1
2
k m1u1 m1u1 1 m1u1 1
2 2 m1 m2 2 m1 m2 2 m1 m2

1 m1m2 2
k u1
2 m1 m2

f}foeh; izR;kLFk VDdj %& ekuk fd m1 o m2 nzO;eku okys nks

fi.M ,d ljy js[kk esa u1 o u2 osx ls xfr dj jgs gSA ekuk ;g
x- v{k dh /kufnkk esa xfreku gSA ekuk u1>u2 gS rks la?k ds
1 2
Ikpkr fi.M v1 o v2 osx x- v{k ds lkFk o dks.k cukrs gSA

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rks laosx laj{k.k ds fl}kUr ls ekuk nwljk d.k u2 = 0 x v{k fnkk
m1u1 m1v1 cos m2 v2 cos 2
ds fy, ..(i)
0 m1v1 sin 1 m2v2 (sin( 2 ))
y- fnkk ds fy,
0 m1v1 sin 1 m2v2 sin 2 m1v1 sin 1 m2v2 sin 2
..(ii)
1 2 1 2 1 2
m1u1 m1v1 mv2
2 2 2 m1 m1
rFkk tkZ laj{k.k ds fu;e ls ;fn gks rks lehdj.k (ii) ls
u1 v1 cos 1 v2 cos 2 0 v1 sin 1 v2 sin 2
..(iii) .(iv)
u v v
2
1
2
1
2
2
rFkk lehdj.k (iii) ls .(v) lehdj.k (iii) o (iv) dk oxZ djds tksMUks ij
u v cos 1 v cos 2 2v1v2 cos 1 cos 2 v12 sin 2 1 v22 sin 2 2 2v1v2 sin 1 sin 2
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
2

u12 v12 v22 2v1v2 cos 1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2 2v1v2 cos 1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2
lehdj.k (v) ls =0
cos1 2 0

cos1 2 cos 900 1 2 900

vr% VDdj ds Ikpkr d.k ijLij yEcor fnkkvksa esa xfr
djsxkA

Microsoft Equation
3.0

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