Oxronp Hanpnooxs iN Linauisrics THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF LINGUISTIC INTERFACES Edited by GILLIAN RAMCHAND CHARLES REISS GAO.A OXF OXFORD"Se Sg ape ae gence leon met tematic ere sn le See “sti een ae Bitepausac occ ol my ten ng ii ‘ety sain is een aera gg Contents taf Aeron Abo the Authors Inteducion ‘ila Rochon an Carer ise PARTI SOUND 1 Inet and Ove in Phonetic and Phoology Jame Me See 2, Modality in he Sound Dorin Impizton for he Pari ‘ Usverl Grammae har Ree The Phonetic Phonology Intrice nthe Asglition fteeverant Undepesiation Mar ae and Made Kk 4. Phooolgy-Morpholagy Intection ina Conti Raed Prmework {€ Orhan Ogun ad Anew Dey 4. Segmental Phonology tnd Ste Sac PART IT STRUCTURE (6 Sracare Een, Stace Dicouse ‘Sia Thomas Rae2th Relation hewsen Morpoloy and Syntax Mart ice ‘Peter Senie 4. Disebued Morpolgy andthe St Morpbology Inerfce Devi Eb and Ra Ne 1. Morphology Sat er Acema a ad Nosema 1. using Lezlm win iis 1. Paradigm Function Morphology andthe Morpolag-Ss tote homes Stor and Gory Stamp PART II] MEANING 1. Remus on Composonsliy seme Hagintoham 4. Semantic Itoatin and information Stace Deni Baring 1 Conventional Ips A Disingibed Clas of Mensngs ‘Caper Pre Accommodation Davi Barer ond Hank Zt PART IV ARCHITECTURE 1 Minimalism Codi orc an uo ripen 18 On "he Competsin” Mark Stina ” ws sa: Insaco Conti aed There of Grammar Seas Kao ec of Nome and Languages eco Sic os aaware pet om alate Ne Pcl orn Tsao nie ha ‘vpn Ad aca) Daggers Pod AN ‘hikerarainafeRoct Tate Folge ofan nace toh The Nise eter oso Ps A Per mre - Tonio wn omg ote nt T tae eno Pn Ses Cnr oe nf ra Ca Pec Tens eee Ca Penne Boge thle nd Pomc apenas, Sor of Schima 95-29 [Sh “tml od ny ein ad Cai beat T Hos (i pony an te Enon of ng See Ase To Pn rheology: Denn and Rabe Hay eh ctype ph YOT Sate. olen ‘i Wn Be (al) Pop'n aky Poy i: Hoon de serena) ng emin ee , a ce mn hk nt Bt nd: sr an "Dit Amman sion are mn (tof eth th Pino DCP 9 ‘Burt Rabers a (000 30-39 ‘aon op ay Co an ge owl Aino: An Apron te "hosing Mos ping ane 2274 CHAPTER 2 MODULARITY IN THE “SOUND” DOMAIN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PURVIEW ~ OF UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR CHARLES REISS 2.1 MODULES AND INTERFACES 1m thi caper Lado the postion tht cagiton, ncaingngiticcopsition, ‘ering input and onus in sparc format. aun that he modes ier deo rn in ok ‘ge lot Me of homing patio a Mar Clon ‘tone— nt — | a — a aaa} aa eee] ==] = — (Resse seen] me] iy. 2 Components ofthe spec an ifr ecpt o nh oher—ale a at 0 SE SSTSSSPULGE du or el wm pt ints ate a ine nt hve sc oe a ing ale at Messe who cnt nih ee sea lester sion ete Se ee len nde ier See eupnoeic, se me sn ns ee ng 1 ie nr ng ns Tecate taco be SET on since repost! met TEESSGTEN Teta trometer ovend ote mds ce tis ua sump Segment et Se ee mle npr soy nds se Teele wo mae ty omen ape orig eet ne ts Som pe can ecu peri ewic e Se eee ec pense pnts pee Sea custo ees pen et Sen ces uc mao cans ee et te tm egy led we oe efor that hte “ech persion ity wa othe iin tomputstne ened bythe erm ne caper an hirer roca ivching fgets tat ante afc floes eects oligo te ean Ie the pon tha ener ogee se soar oferienc forthe ati ofp peep bt th agement eth Tet of many necting fore. The paral ogame in ay ly pth cio pring cnn sh be cvs ty po tp fort Tat (Chnoy soon) tapas pen dont ome your pec Fstin mdse dow ot le sme ection jlgents Yo, 2 ‘Sopurf teeing odpm pons ‘Een er wn comsmane ond jueves sn whch eget spt “The er “pont and “pono” oth wih wi ange mening in tet In hcp op aro Sfnon a ho logy 2+ component that ores computations oer cate el core ‘Ponting tot iar perl snc eto (Lone) ee ‘tea Pte teh he ne al ‘mponents hoe de plonlogy i Pips Some apc of pte 2 ch Sgr th saree vite dbo ‘dated ncn Fig 2 ite eel ae msn of indy of serene gunimar_ptonlogy rpg. nd mater opps fe tmnt nent iui ki flow geese tel hoy Te tet prt copa proper a Sane ht low fr gg wl be cle Unie Grammar (00) 2.2 THe LANGUAGE FACULTY AND THE PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS ‘Asa phonology pinay lest soundest he phosolgel onpe- {nc ofthelangng uly pboaslogil amma fh secon L des tet ‘a UG tbe sy of he ngunge Bly econ phonology, cleus sto consider theatre ofthe perma stems wel Te ent Sy ag Usted se ened het ml at scene re rt orcole the distin baw the langage at (rama) and the eo Sex te tae beter o onde whi aspects of observed phen ‘pene ede to the forever he ater. The necesito thi approach “pte ssoon ame ape ft tht ata oes at come tose and Ieee ponalogea” voter “Chowne mg argued that atu ofthe guage hy, Kings compet a pedo perfermence tt bu be be feu fy fr ‘heretlinguine i te ong quotation Cnc st tht hs compe {ence prfomane cnt ie revet ol aes feasting, nt ost Sse. tnmy onc, my pcos ecco dein ot ci. Aston ‘EithLittne nll de edn wanton ess be etinmace chou itt ag so 0 coat ie ‘Revie ean i to acuerdo comer cea tuesmen (Com 7 9) “Te focus on compete ae ben neta not ea in git tia agate scence geeraly (4 Fy 197) stow in practice dhe ise ein cera contovetlT ape to spor Chass poston in he ‘Sling dca of the nest of empetens model, by considering Bow ‘omomptene tor can oteus ou view of ender competenc. Inet ‘ord norcomptnc cos maydtr the spe abd qu fhe data We ‘Seca in bling competence odes "Wale yin to, sess the importance of constructing competence mle be ao agus tt not all apse apparent ssa bol po ‘ny Beha shoul be autd to competence yn prope the fawn hoop eprint (oe aos). Comer 2 Hick Dox hat tps ‘Sons open ad pits When to-peptern ad onesie atern ‘mc djcen reply the cae that emer rds thee othe et eine 22 Homer we osama Sethe cer vit, Bt oly when the twos tnd onespe pers ae ceded by he double platsu spike patra fm he right deo igure 3 Fy sks what we encode om ach Cheratane about the compan pacts ofthe ase i he bo Hs ‘Sve prs surprising that we can cna anos noting fr sch ‘Shnalons Th eesplans becuse “we wold not fd the explain of {hebors behaviour in iin src por wu! we adn ay Properties esc ad on hat be deg hie magouy Nac box oe sing These sn planar gue 23 coespond to the ds wd es of ‘Mors code a er replies el he Eg pling ee" before ieap ater tn le word he ers proceningEoglsh ent. fe ‘nu ent wih cand eases sy ccingin oeaping isrbuton, we Soul ne loops ute the same uta pats Fig.22 Hom do we figura the computation capacy fhe tem mie the ‘et Reproduce rom Fine (1984) by erm of MT res Ph exis ‘Thee the Mie code Ber tate. finde iret psc ‘rine ssa eae scat Tie pe ap he (Sei popes tthe oc Te san pl xp sae yo ‘Sic popes. fale woes apes ctanrdon (Geiegremng ore gy sana). Teenie re hep a he Sore ge test een om mae han at be ma head ‘Mpatin pnd tempts tae pot censored (Ghiytchmapnertesbeveh aro easorancha) (Pinas) In ings terms te explanation forthe pers in the dts (ther Prem we tr or ptr in hat we do te senate is) may nt els Fre popes of the guage cy, butane rfc proper of he Kind of ifomaton teagan cy as ce "We an clay hi by ang wt Univeral Graar (UG) shouldbe theory of considering the reltionsip betwen this thor abd aaible da A ‘ster mv ft propo woal be tht UG should acount oral and onl he teed lingua Obvious, we aot want our theory treet fst the {eens of history, eerthing fom gence and colo othe decors ‘ot fding apni osapport reach in oe ego ahr han ane 8, the uti of UG me be renter tan ut thet fated angesre would ean erin he te discon to propee that UG shoud be ener cought recount fo ty atl agua, Fr exp, we an esrb 8 Engg tht ingthens vows in pie nerd es bu hee it sion {in athe ae angus ey acta bass tonto Ue "pine \tunber™T ke UG repo fr l of mal langnp ene woul ee ‘inguin ta branch heat, wit abate o eps bs “hcg lntredne IypenDewen he tf ated lngigs td sever al ual gues the sgpsion tt UG i espns for all ‘Meat lngunge ober words, we iow ta thre ar xin ngs hd angunps tat hve no oe cone ito beng abd thse ae ates a pine? Homers, een this mid othe ra compromise rus ato De in ciel brad fr eons ht eto Py pot ht "We appropri Pe ‘Sterlnmon depends norethn jt the nar the bee esas i {Tepenre the eae tt re oie crta stone no abe (ond ‘ik may er he oer fron aon ran” emg ldt-—B. "Why sould we hae to aco for caer of languages tt can never be mec Coie mus ate embeded Dans and that they te Sarl leo I fis oes thi thatthe buman tana (inpet a ‘anpat sens); the langage alin infer stems, and pefrmance Syncs le inion thee of esa guages yond he (Upp) is (dremel by Se the il stat of te anguape cy. Tr igure ye com ocd abre, hat the et fated ange correponing tesa dak ide at of the testable nguges howe ‘Mishel ep, Obi thiliter sere a subset of estab ngage {he bw ht dete the uve stn our dag, Towers, thee a ‘enning eons died theo dat cl tobe explained. Note hat he ‘oracle language crept to the meetin of two sts ee of Thump langnge th ge ry cc ad he ite cide abel eo pmcoablemnsdocblssuibe™ rondo be ates anguage mat bauble on th bass evidence pesado ener amsietableangange mast alo nat ovsd the posing ipciy of uma na ly, an ae language mt be able tbe Ot cme in tect of meni, ngs, we new ee hat ety a ST ga Sct aS Fg.23 Wat U6 stout? set 0 he angie fc via the perptal ndaclsorytansdcion ‘eens Is ngag feo ment ayoftho eter woud mat be esl, ‘en mdr nit epresntatianal and cempatnal panies ofthe ‘a angauge ay tat een ie wee a member ofthe seers by ‘hela ht ey ces ‘An example ofan unprocembl nguge, on fing outside the white cid, would one in hich al words contained eet 8 ote word git Themory bers would pesimaly not be abe onde sch opt. An example tan unansducle nguge wold be one pret in«sigaloutde the fangs ofhuran Bering, We would net want to exp thet thatch 8 Lngg is unatted or unable by appeaing o properties of te ebgange ‘aly qu computsion stem. Tagg th foal nde the we cicle may o may ot l ise he age ey id, Thse hat il tinh ry cide wou i te pa tat ‘Snot htc, would tke woo fr ldo promt on carpe bo of {computable ngage tha monte not equi ter werd tO ‘ated spac bene no evidence cul ead learner to post och & Tinguge, ut [dats cewhre ae och ce nthe aman of ea op toto (es from. lags peel on onan eyed pe a et ‘eae i he gtr acne of aga cometsFig, 24 Eridence an objet of say Sa aon toa caso, the paver fing theory sald be the et ‘of uma comptble laguna the bg ey a cen tog se sch Tingngsae wesley "may ver bec fr one een or aot "Ps om wh 1 ik uy be restvly noma In enc, canbe st append by exacting pro igre. asn Fag 24. Ove wou fact wd ‘ev dat seid tothe set of tesa ng, Dut we have to ince Flom is empl dnte te otare oth ger eto pti ngeges. I npn heey amine fa tht inacing hi ager et wil pool be er af poting oer rope forthe npg: fal) Being le pec Chore pce ee dete a ger sto mabe ti eu once, cons & ‘moog UC tht jst opis ht thre avers ht insert elt, and huge are aes with on hat pcr al well os pling thn ou stare hnging ar eigenen [oc 0 {Pool and never [rs] (ok, The poston am pushing hat the fies venion of UG, the oe that ks nomenon of spec eure in peste ‘es wedi Ts oy hat UG des ot py a5 of ‘epoca pines, The sim jt that he ated combi ‘Siw cteproctton snd operon pins ound in parc ges he"Cang cel (roel inca arenot encode UG. The balding ‘ods for the anny ofasetal, a eve some utes, ngage 0% ‘hvu be pret UG bat ot tes of parila ngage "Te appa speed in the flowing qwttion concerning te wnat al figs ory toc fom th wdc cml ctl ee pine oe ‘ccSsRptton at nul ow es tr agg ob ges 7 ‘Sle aome(Choony so: “Tus the fogemly ated pater f cd ving (wheres the comet fer depos of tay be) and the perhaps compe bse of cola olin phological eri gues of wor than ny, otto fe ean fr UG Thi vow nied by aang tery of psa ‘ork cnet pot fwd chang by eb Oa Hale bd Ros ono, fr dca). "tof thi tok of undertnding phonology, or gimmar more gene ree that we unde there ofthe etna at pus frat ‘rrece nfrmaton om hr ter ia ire intr ough the Imeation of ete ater, The eran of the campeence-peormane di tion, dated ahve i smnimerobcured byte et that dcsion a Pevormance tend to fc on soca "peromance vt which ine Inpromunistins fda to mck olaary agement ac In it ey Utarnc “in a lngane” select competence and pfrmance. ts sretines (Siac intnar om competence ry eno awn we provides her of evoranc, tT apt te poston ht hee sold mot bea single eyo formance ince permanence al he component of gre above the Una n poosie" wl a ote tinge By beter undead tot phonology we can beter udrtnd wh phoralogy me wl = {en atrntn ropety to the phonology tha ity bane cheer 1st "hs pblem tt we now 2.3 TRANSDUCTION vs. COMPUTATION Inti seton, introduce the ditncton ets tnecion and compattion 1S par ofan elboration of he is mo sno a Figure In mecSon 2, TALC Reps thery of stor prspton at well atx sagen for © ‘gamma of saitory peep develope by Nakajima and algae, Sion 2 press a aur son og won alsin ems of regan nt ‘alan work In sein 2,1 apy th ek an derstanding a pee, pata segnentaton Ica to ener cio of merce nda oman ofsbtance ee”phooly (ale and Res 20a #) and eck "proaches phony grounded pacing in tions 28a 28. Try se 2) el endian the “rg em the pl wo Ue yo and provider te flowing dcusion “hin tht inp order yaping crn daw pa eo fe enn scopy et sas te eg 2 tum, he "lt pron» ener spec nein comeing cna cryia eet ino computa crs, Adoigton of tt fan swe otra mm acl eres pel ncaa al ets Fig.25 lfring continuation Bein an cin ‘When gman (993) pins out that "ng the word representations we te limping te extence of opr tan oe par forthe erserations hdaother octet sch bing acalclte Tinepe his as mang (Timinedtncion between tendarson (which forms repeentins) a Computation which ctr ver ayo). To tae » tpl amps, the tet fel and clara it ee ke gare vas tans ‘ons th tnfcene tro donna eons with be same sbede fy se arse singe, prod objet nan nese o computation ‘remena yy cncene ih he taduction om pyc sigs tosymbut nepresnon® tll extend ther "wnat to eft 257 Iraping tha erates input oa modal. So, the odor pacepton se Contin raion component inthe mio sen whic cone acosic Sas tbl eprsentains and wecan ao ete randaction, nthe ‘onder ze fom thesgnl athe honalog. Thi bod notion of wansdaction Niinie ithe componets ffguea sbove the del eI thet wos Imeprsbeweengmbelic presse wt a mods wilbe caled con puntons where mapping Between fro proper to difrent meduls (or [fvecn 2 phil or seat Goma and sole sare) wil be cai & “Wer aot esl sialanoudto understand l etranedces bat hope to tho that undernding mar sbot anders ht ig pesiormance ses ‘So help wr andestnd the nate of opt Inthe lowing wo sections Ges trndacton and compaon sn ary preeptin wih the pol of ‘suring topo nthe nro ese develope above + one i i ie og eine te tin of al won ios ey Sea ach ee 2.4 Discusston "The dition betwen caneicion and iefereslcomputin is obricsy {ecilin many dane fr example oundetund how hr is fora mache tein nt egions with theme clea nears pat othe ene et 0 "vl cee Getig machine to recon coloratura 57, tut geting he toma infene Iie thee = human msi el ‘Sly the poton the concaraing the paren af UG apd the acd to scan that thre te comptationaly pou bt wrattesae human la {Se sce fli atrely once we ecopsne ht rammas arene it ‘Suplerengismr and thi ng beac reece the ets of any intern opt To deny te positon aid at above ln hat no other etre of ann than he tre oftheir ngage cay afc Ue sample at ete nguges However dort he inp of my apm shoul ‘ecg hat there ong eadisan in gneve rammar feng py To hts oer argument of he flown om ‘hese gay pie combinntion of hpi patie ch ont teed (and souming hte bw tet od simp fhe weil ngs bot ‘Miho Oca meow pride Comp msc tC ‘This wbigutous frm of argument ik ia dit confer wih the vie lyeoped in ths caps, ice doe ot regis the pony tat C Tanta fer sso beng nothing to do wath UGA simple ample weld inde cnplantiogs fo nateted phonaogel ear combinations Be ay yl, contin) th oy aera macedoes omstins sn uch ture combine ne of orn adam appa sense ‘ratory ncompatitis Exempla betoand wl thine pr ‘logy sod atx erate, Ths nt the place mine price ca (ee ale ad Rew 2000, ad 01a note the anit ewan his ional form of renin and the arguments devoped Be "Te woure of th soning in ener radon pee tobe the owing logy. Amer (thy) of ungage Lappe general end oly ‘he gamma ences of , a hor of Langage te human Bagge Fay sin suppon to general a onthe pases: st oe thatthe erm "ener nlc binge in wo diferent eser—tete ‘eternal nang to he ter "rein the ener erat tan be raped aang 4 atu Socripion toa tenes, clang Sas of hoe mak ed by desivtion, ingen c= Ths detent he ening of eer” that rea tothe defnon ofthe tof pole [Expat Ss the ceux of the mater es in ke destin of pom My ‘tpreson tht he er nly take o mean "wich we old polyfind sted with a representative sample of cient, pas aed aur lang” [There tan obvious pole of lope inducing the rinsed absence of Jn apy ite spe, bo the citi ee ges rte nein {But cen an catine sey of stesuble npg ay be mideadig with Trt the nie of UG Ts my andemtndig of baw wo ch a he (SESSAN itech misunderstood the ee for UG ar ed 1 fare to “pene he iting of eragammatial ton on pater of weaton "tet conier the foregoing docasion toe signed and “onto the aston of boo he robles which have Ket {Pee catechins {ap ino ths conor ih fhe speculoos aout bw re autor peepsion cul provide ight ‘Benne of seston in pong. Thies late to wok eed 0 ‘Bota combins phones aod src nisi to acount or smefthe ‘Reteon tt ove wrongly im my opinion, bax sued o properties of [enue Than 1 np tat aader wo Se he folowing tobe rage and ay spear atl be pervaded of the eed or explanations ofthe tp Trebor bse on he ures made be preceding sections. Dee ‘Gefen ned ter epeinental west i day needed, bt or the ‘Showing pcuatons a oad to Bow modlarexanations my veld {ig ne te moles an eres of hein. 2.5 AupitorY SCENE ANALYSIS (BREGMAN 1990) ‘eps wld ae of et ws i! pring td ending. A re edi yor andar Ba hs irene db foe rare Soest ing cig ene tay edb ao ‘Sevier "na Aainory cn anal Famevook for sing aoypeeption deeopd ‘Shs Brean and his elaborsts 1 ik Bean wold be te fs Pi ht work the el i oil in is infancy. weve hus now become one toa questions concering the astare of auditory freon thi [ptr he opinion of quenn in amis such vival person, ry see atl can be boken dawn nto two rin component. One probe en he at th ounde meer rious ous combined itd Sg nee techs he xr tht fiance ection SnD scgepton, Toe ndtory spe inept nto sige eprentason Fete te sound pec rig the er wi temporal window tht “otopee” Oconee decom hat pce eins go together Uy oper ofthe story stern, nd inthe ao an sion the con oy fad to» powered peep An example of wpa inteaton i the peyton ae yet sal ote and th oreons hat re thetnaramere te ti tinea casating er the sume sours The pos feng parte ‘te spstom eo iret percept! sous eal seca septin: “tending to spec ie fan prove high Segue hum in he ecground ‘qe spc saree "The othermaincomponet of airy sene ans euetliateration— couie sen ocarting seared tne tay be integted ino + singe Sitory steam, Enmples of steams ade a aquence of fotepe or the ‘oti ound fang nla sounde fot sein he rtd never by senso ther wounds othe steps ante it angle pore bj aren “Te compen he tak of aur seats an be appa by omdring the spacrogram in Figure 26. Ths le the spc of 2 wave ‘feted by minigame ofc perch some ma: Te pectopas ‘the mac and peck pratly ae town In lg In his expe at {let ply te mass pec sparta bce ad te eprte rcrd Ings Te ind ba fo exact sch aration fom comple ma, ke he ned signa acon dint tea fe ing sal gal. 252 Streams and Speech Because fhe comple of hie to integration nd sepepstion of sia ke ‘Stanwos muse ad spec, more manage to Sy ary sme ‘li undr cnt bortor conden wah spl sated sma. ‘An ely rest that ed up tothe suditory scene ana tmevor i the enon by Waren a 6) i which bjs wee played continuo lip consting of igh tone (00 ais (aoe He eae band oi) alow Fig.28 Spectrogram of» complex nave cnsting of musa speecht i i eg z t f Fig, 2.7 The muse bore) andthe speech (bow) Speyer Fa, 20 Continous lop perce a for eprate reams tone (96H), anda bre 4p Be gure weve) Under eran ccs of ‘Srl oping sed ad interes the peep const of for separate Soest epexing igh fone repeating ish «repeing Jw sone and ¢ ‘peng buss stad igure 28 The ents ofthe sas had Do ‘Teor cons to elamet of herve he pep so ects could snot wll itis, nih sound eae del afer the Tow one i he Toop—they pefomed at chance ee TE ord scm sur vent he ust Be xe” nought eck oer long ome sry denon, seh ih, qual. or luda. By map ‘Sing the parame tb poet manubt:peceton of ingle tulle sem a the sm tat Ween aod is caleapoes presented, te Foor pes of ued wer to tins om ech oer to be seared age ie sm sata wen ei nro {night of ch ets, Brean pins out ht ts surpeig athe sounds ‘in spect ic nde owe, aie ps mal Cy shoul be ely {mtpte, Brgman expen that proc of sen may be le by thet ‘hat ener ve coer ach mons betwen the Suds aon, abd source aad volume top them. Dstt aout vas of pc sound speehacens bey steare sd seperated Gomer ambi lone FHencior, 1wil sume hat spech proces invols the constuction of Sige ena forthe lap gna (0) Propoat “Toe lpat to he etch peption mode tan ado trem ‘Thissram she adtry computtion-spec proton inter, shonin gue 125 A Simple Grammar for Auditory Seene Analysis uling onthe wok of. lina ad. Sua, (996) propoe iat sory ee amir ca bet be aero in esl "gamle (epic pres end aes of ction, The pies ee een ven ‘ler han the sound (afoot 2 masts e) ht ke ap auory {trams (he sound of emeoe waking me. Tho piitie ements ‘dor sabres ed it at as four anda per (2) Typerof andar sabevent 1 One (denoted by <4 sept of wound intestine freuegy ang (eg eta tan) ca es che ofa oes ‘Termin (toed by >): sep fl of wound nena ein erin eget gs can bes deo ermintion «ing ntedby "rs jceound ery ering aca dion wioatany sen change offequney agen beach of filing + Sence denied by ):fthe sound energy aos certain eee range tnd scan duration i very thin dese some amount of ound ey {nthe preceding pr this makes ce ofa seo Onc terion el breed Blow a Boundaries ‘ethene make cles, bs eof nero re the copie epson nuded fom the ps sigs Sf example he adory [gummar evovnt ace” cm be tanec na one fer ener ‘ramp bere the ery Ie ot pat of te ame steam athe peeps! “Seki sans let nS Yo Be onsen nding canting pie band at ie Spay apie atthe copie event roe tr acu crates Hower oe sao (Reset sone be hl tesla "sens bu ee 10 iqpeentaion that aye toned during» prod of oases fretay een he repentance autor imagery abd wary Char 'he abect ofan coi cons) are consul of the see imi bol hoe tht re wanders cs al Rdg Nin ns autor ves in our every ie m1 he ‘neat te flowing te odes (3) Aseitaey event ‘An ont lle bya lence (eg. dap sound) (<) 1 An one filing aod termination followed bya Bac 6 8 a rico (<=>) R-nset ad 2 ling lowed byte onset of nathan event (ep notin aly payee: (<== Frllowing Nakainn the matory ett i) corepond tthe portions tha partes The abet lowing te ght parents ree the Tein ofthe ex sory eet ence. ‘Te pine wor svat ae thar poupe int vets whch ae the sade const of uo sms The ets ae combine ito ms owing to mal set of princes (4). Deinton of atory seam 2 Asaudtoryteamletinety oriederngofausoreetandsens, 1 An ult stn pin wih an nse nd ends ih sen, Ac ot followed immedi another sens ‘to smart dl devloped thu fy, nator sen compose of sltory scams tha a cnporod of story evens tht ce compared aur sober Tv flows we wil that te component events of ae can be ceeded in nes eat nation big ety rr. 2.6 Gar TRANSFER ILLUSION nhc cs an anion he op ae ion (ee Nakina ‘Den br ontincdemntatons)dicoveredy Naja an Seo tht gs ZRer whom ang Joe no coeipond a= starr ane oc (Pama pee sir ste inert ne sberents ert tee ‘Bee or more or supose clos (Naaina 6), eral eep MopUuAEITY 1 HE AOUND DOMATY _ 69 lind ht he seers aetna oer whch tor sen anlsit Computes The four rnin a manipulate competion mt nthe Contraction ofthe sao sane Nain and Seal invoke Gest paces ‘cha pony nd snr o expen ome of he meplain ofsaberens tycoon we wil thee ow bu ln prove nother peeve Sar dcuson othe gap tantra wl ear be atheroma pete ans covesponde to ine a the ani ene. rowed tne to be ested with he boundary symbols < and >, nrc hove Lies Correpond ofl = Te gp water sion ars when 2 sas sch at Fire 098 x eecied sFogre 298 Simul A contin ng coi {ide (ta ingus deHe [o)andtwo sorter finger epsrtedy 2 {po ta the long le poses hough: Simul 8 smd ova but hare, Fond of long sing ade, we hve to ges sepaate bya gap whi is {ose sng lng ie Tht the gin he acount aig pide in Bit ransere bythe ecole othe ing is that Bs ped as he to gna ge bet the se Pete "The ral sere thing ging on here, sme of which ae aly speaking no part ofthe gp ear eff It wl be ul todas them, wero tate the working of te auory pana tat Nakai and Irelesgus propos Fe nte that he sinus (8) does ot ben win tse vend wins eantio >, Thi secre hee a fal oho Intensity int oan ere ot ep egho ge rch es, carding to ‘Naan, fling tthe being ofan audiory sem ors ing mediately flowed ty lence ungraatil That ch contents ane be dred from te above mestoned exmmailrle Appa, the slton fr the 29 Gap nse isonsocio pte isos an tt accrue with) and tion UUnaccordaee with GO "Terre demand by the wong ales wou gv someting He (3). (ote hat Tam fig the Se of wat exc (9) It sok exe © (eprocmaton ofthe stimulus nd eno the nal percept. eps at ‘hug ofan termediate auaory epesentaion) (5) Boundary insertion ‘The twat onset ad tention ae inated the anor grammar athe teed ad 6 ‘ae nowe ety to ate Nakai rpm of the Gap Taner son via the Gel Prine of Poy In oer to do th Tae replaced some of {Detmowbend one tn term ers i oe obo The recoup Ur empeatin ofthe bundy ars xn be dlc matching pl of “bots The dsasson wl eal by te umbels, coresponding to The pgs tmp wequscing, ht we apn to the burda es (6) Boundary resssiaion D> In the sgn or more prey the nema represen in (3) ound sre ns belong ogee the seb «dene be In) Hounds and 5, i abs alo blog together Fal 4a 6 wih sabi Belong ogee. (9) Sica (ls peep insertion of and 6) , a the computtonseationinrences {ha gue the oupa f easccton nt aitory eens Taker theta ofthe sigan once we ince the ogi — sheet po diet acen to ule nobeane,so ven te inrece malig pa of ‘tonsa fin thee tha may et eto non-real ‘Sect Duda a sompting over the spol represen fs he =m on bl rt ptr shone pp tec ne pote of merci it po gn omen ‘pwc pat oftanstuction For enmplethe potntil socio ofboundrs that ‘rceary to ate to the suey se a td to accoua f the pp ‘rn dln amos potently nore erreation on asses ‘Sul To yt sudo taser veal orci a acoate ‘Shae maybe gnorel or verde in constigsicory pes "hs conclonin turn ids cence othe "bance Gx” approach to sooslgy aoc by Hse and Ree (20008 8 Spach perception which [rus be td in the auton of ponalogy and alo ede pono posing ‘whe understanding spenchs dependent on eitory peeton. whch intra Crore fender and sometimes non-real emptor ten — the aigmet of tersinations an onset goa eens oe bole represents too, doc not hae to corespond to te iment of hi pyle Phovlogil computiton iets at ea two ep renoved fom the anocion from aati ig (by oe (aartow) taadacton an oe competaon), ed ‘hor iat est ose evel fom aeons sac Nota te dna in Figure etend beyond phonology Aer honalogy. the inp mat be orpelogly psd, acted wih ler ems, and ‘peat parse Given the model propose, there wld eno more rowan tp pout aca to phonetic sts Le the Ps ofthe sound wae for olay than fort Bo ae oly tee nk yntereing proces {othe snd. An roc of ect aut fr phonalagy woud hare © cpt such act os (ef pant posing frst) awe or che pdt why here no Such cos “Theta tht "bight phonology vena de cet to the properties fm sen expel april by Bre Beeman {he brains dea dal ad lind Mics Raber de Almeida lo 2 ‘reli pute ike thi "Aer tranecton al ell res bo" would ‘eget tha the substance phonology propor sacl gute othr in thee conte of gate cnt eventhough nr ith epi hn Plonloy 2.9 ConcLustons ‘292 Relating Epistemology and Ontology “The dco sounding gt 21 primary concemed wih ont ‘soot usa (omeof|thecomponens ofthe spent chsnare Fg ‘on the thr hd, tl for epsernogy ith quo ie “What bind of76ers evidence an we eal ost he language fcty and const x theory of ‘Doro went thee to arar conse that all the component above the “nie nin Fg wll nse it wat wate elie, Tat {ESB onset of languages inthe rey cleo Fig artes ‘confront pons wo aes om th ale o tings {Sc eptalogial question conaig our spars of eienc dase wih ‘font Pyure 2 tom onlogalqution abot the nature ofthe langage ‘Ebi thee fini of gerne gain, Fr eam pater a he ‘Sear oul fom he nt ofthe andacer oh egiston proc ae Incatrted to th ngage ly prope 2g Inheritance versus Grounding ‘have proposed atthe honoogal segment isa onc ba inate {tnt sce od te Bo se of ory pei “Tas proposl erin bo wae for the common cai Dt tees vider [er she rgment athe spec seam. i propos views the sation {fo th phonological op dato th aory Bota cgsize by Sait {Gonviae) and Harmer 97) phonlogial exegesis to {how ofphlonetc ingut ctpotes at tobe imposed on cei inal has ‘Ecng them fom ptestlly pel eel signals that tenon Test!" Sepirs fons ample sre 4 voce [ml the sound of ‘sing oo a ene ant ovr hie Ax Harmar points ot we ‘oc tven andere pos of vr promuncitns of within 2 inp unle fist opie the lool ae Tahoe tht the tegen! tun of phonology ess the imme conten acts nose ming ory gos when thee gna ‘Reopen ingle ream. The appropri onion of he eationhip ‘tonto to phortce sb ane of brian, If we oe the te “onto ero lhe comsponcts bore the bed ine fn ig 3 then ‘ee af phology mat it any sractars posed down fom tose mponente The phoglogy eet, fr ep resco subevens {Saw sens otc Thi propos is sip an consent with asd aan amma odin peti fle i ain ee ya espe be at. Tac am ie pre a esc enh eee te ew pea nnr om oe eee sc eS nc eg ‘eee ay hrs nado Selinger aise “ogtve wince asumpsons of modularity sod information encpstion Thin ior posing "Tsien hse stenpsto "ground phonology inphoneice by baling madness stress the phonology pe sateen at Coosa tiveral gata knowlege conning hel ormaton” of phenlogial repeattions andthe uteancs thy tpadace to and form pope isa ta it more ufo cone of pont wounded in hoa pont face ze sch only by vive of bing tanec into the ‘itp, the eualnce case, provide o athe imposed the phono lop component of he man language cy. 2.9.3 Against Markedness and Phonological Pathology \Webave oppor the dct ature of phonslige peetons by ring for dsate tac reprernaons a the objets ofthe mote bse wary ‘omit aa There no nen which ements te "eer" popes ‘fr cout ils —Lsteners ave no ace sgl bers ane tis tums them into eymbol sacar The recon of phoney ated ‘takes condensin phonology te Hae aad Bes bon, ) flows ‘fom ur ett te ponsogy can ave nosso asec oF mses oration since so many puny spnboic stems intervene betwen these Ie of nate "ein phooetly bare makes abo Jas us 1 ret sions of ponte ad phnolgial patsog’ the ie tht phonology tends 0 rept ‘or fix phontaly sued nrctres (eRe 208). One xeon ofthe Prthlyutaphor canbe fund in Yip (9: 9 The en combo of the OCP [Ohlptry Contour Principle) i at lows ws to spare out ‘ondltion and cre. The OCP i riage 2 presarefo hange” More eat, yes and Seri (204) cs marten "Be what phoned 5 fo the same othe hw oi Sac dco set ene he del propo nth chapter ar we sth phonology has det cs the sgl ‘et premmably pr conscatone ld wih set to ation. Tht ‘nck lke the oer point I mae in our of aban phonon, ‘Mb ofc onthe cmpattionl proper of thang ly Weare ine beter pein ounderod what x computable nguge whee have clone ost th confounding els of he rascal hve sed horlogt to pata noon o phoney ae onal dhol os Pet of gmail knowledge “Te ee eI ave ptt in thee conlrios i to be cots ith the tnlng onus thor tng fom salon, costing (we at SPE nual phooolgy(Sampe 1979) Grounded Phonology (Arana nt7e_chansns nates Plletank 194) and Opinaty Tho, nd speci the pons” nd finorls ven of thelr reset by Hayes and Sti’ vole of Colleced peers "The hypoth sarl by many weer a ths vue i tht ‘Bonsogea conan cn be rtd [aka “pounded™—CR) in phonetic Soonlage he spake? par undertandng of the phys. exons der which spec ie produce an! presved™ My own ree eat the burn a po! ts won the ears who heer hae tai eget "Se sumpbons of dlary od enapalitiondevopd ofr thet decades ‘Tay mel et eto exp by ir on-odelr and apparel edd ‘nodes en worthy of ius ctidention. Fonrunx RrAixe ‘una i iy Sad Cag, MA: MT Pr. Tan Mt Ray aPC ao era and ‘Sbny (a, Poni Rane Or Or ry Pry 8 Send © orang) The Pope api, Ox. Oxrd ‘ier Pe sue Ce rm Menor Sposa Ra: per on Pans nd Phony ‘suman sh eon Pl Lape A Grae Rs gi “Spy Ore Gx Unt Pr rn 2 op in: Fai fee i, Rurunexess: ncn Bad Pencraane. (Gd Pron ambi MA MT senna, Ay Sen Anyi Cami i IT rs, ‘ton anu ed Reps Neer tne hn Tague Sr er a ew Har tr Sado Lange ind Cus Urey re nse i Te nd rf i ee pe ad No Fars and ao an Sen Neen pinecone Cr Dein nog op Igy 9-8. sree enlimmngy w Cpi eN. Breer, PCa nd “Dec, Pll one Conn! pal ney Oxi sn inet oe tonne yh Te phy of Cat uma of Pht 64 Sts tei Cai MA: MIT Pr. {aes and Sono buy aon The Phone Bao Pog Minn as Kc neo, honey Ba Pom. he Une ross ‘sma yh Sipe Gamma ain Opin Same, em at ‘Sic psi any Onion ra Ome rt aie NS enone fur asm edn poy “Eas pmhoosN Denar ate Ts Kans var, A ow a Hoon 00) “fey Rsupgr of Gand Term fae Compe: Pn pare aa ara gh“ Role Comps Thr i Cie Paral of Bye Rear Rian Copied Capns Tad «Rakai fr Coie Sei “unas Pe st (my Curaoe a Sec! Destine At and ata "ene eg R299 chm oral Epon aCe Since Aaa ee Pwo ei hk, ru apes Cami MAC MT Ps ‘som "capa ety of heme nD Mamba od) Se gf vert Sap Binh Unensy of ars Ps 60 ee ee eae ‘Wamure ,Osoase 1. ane A, and Wasson RCo any SS: oc of ric te am pec in Se 67. ‘tn Bt tigi “Te Colony Coa Ppe tl aig Rane A Low of Tay” ini nay os