IX.

Analyze

From the first experiment the purpose is to know the effect of concentration
on reaction rate. On this experiment, the firs step is prepare four beaker glass and
labeled with A, B,C and D. and entered 5 ml of sodium thiosulphate. After that
dilute the solution on glass B, C and D with 10ml, 15ml, and 25ml of water. In this
experiment use water because its very suitable for sodium thiosulphate solution,
beside suitable, water is more stable and cheap. Then added5ml HCl 2M on glass A
and shake it until homogeneous. Run the stopwatch when HCl added and stop it
when X on a paper is not visible because the solution become turbid. And do the
same on glass B,C and D.

So, the equation is :

NaSO + 2HCl 2NaCl + S + SO + HO

NaSO. 5HO + HO 2NaCl + S + HSO + 5HO

Didapatkan data di bawah ini :

The concentration of NaSO in

Glass A is 0,1 M.
Glass B
M1V1 = M2V2
0,1. 5 = M2. 15
M2 = 0,5/15
M2 = 0,03 M
Glass C
M1V1 = M2V2
0,1. 5 = M2. 20
M2 = 0,5/20
M2 = 0,025 M
Glass D
M1V1 = M2V2
0,1. 5 = M2. 30
M2 = 0,5/30
M2 = 0,016 M

12


0.12

0.1

0.08

Concentration of NaSO 0.06

0.04 Column2

0.02

0
122 167 223 382
Time-1(s)

Concentration of NaSO and time

Concentration of
Time (s)
NaSO
0,1 M 122 s
0,03 M 167 s
0,025 M 223 s
0,016 M 382 s

Concentration of NaSO and reaction rate

Concentration of
Reaction Rate (1/t)
NaSO
0,1 M 0,08
0,03 M 0,05
0,025 M 0,04
0,016 M 0,03

Concentration of NaSO, concentration of HCl, and reaction rate.

Concentration of
Concentration of HCl Reaction Rate (1/t)
NaSO

13
0,1 M 2M 0,08
0,03 M 2M 0,05
0,025 M 2M 0,04
0,016 M 2M 0,03

In order to obtain the reaction order of the experiment B and C

[ 0,03
0,025 ] x
= [ 0,005
0,004 ]
(1,2)x = 1,2

X =1

So the conclusion on experiment 1 is the higher concentration the faster

reaction rate.

14
 CONCENTRATION HCl and NaSO
2.5
2 2 2 2
2

1.5
CONCENTRATION (M)
1

0.5
0.1 0.03 0.03 0.02
0
122 167 223 382

Time-1 (s)

Na2S2O3 (M) Column1

Concentration of NaSO and Reaction Rate

0.12

0.1

0.08

Concentration (M) 0.06

0.04

0.02 0.02
0
0,08 0,05 0,04 0,03

15
 On the second experiment, the purpose is to know the effect of surface area
contact on reaction rate. Balloon is entered with marble, prepared the flask that
contain of 10 ml HCl. After that set the balloon into top of the flask carefully.
Run the stopwatch when the marble fall down to the solution. The reaction will
product CO2 that contain to the balloon. Stop it when balloon grow up. Marble
soluble on HCl and make the solution become turbid

CaCO + 2HCl CaCl + CO + HO

Shape of CaCO and time

Shape of NaSO Time (s)

Marble 1139 s
Powder 103 s

Shape of CaCO and reaction rate

Shape of NaSO Reaction Rate

Marble 0,00087
Powder 0,00970

The time that needed marble to make the balloon grow up is 1139 seconds, its
different with the time that needed marble powder to make the balloon grow up
just 103 seconds.

So it can be conclude if the higher surface area of touch (powder) the more
collision will happen, thats make more bigger reaction rate. And the opposite,
if the lower surface area of touch () the less collision will happen and make
smaller reaction rate.

On the third experiment the purpose is to know the effect of temperature on

reaction rate. The first step is diluted 10 drops H 2C2O4 with water until the
volume 5 ml and named solution A. then diluted 10 drops of KMNO 4 until the
volume 5 ml and named solution B. close KMNO4 solution with tissue so that
not contact with light because KMNO4 is very easy to oxidation by light.

16
 Do until 5 experiment with different temperature, that is 310C and the
manipulation temperature are 350C, 400C, 450C and 500C. first, mix 2 drops of
solution A with 2 drops H2SO4 0,5M. To appropriate room temperature with
some solution drops, we can enter the test tube in beaker glass that contain of
water. Then measure the temperature of water in beaker glass. The temperature
in the beaker glass is same with the temperature of the solution in test tube. The
same thing is done to make the other temperature and start from the higher
temperature to make efficient time.

Run the stopwatch when 1 drop of solution B is added into solution A that
mix with H2SO4. Stop the stopwatch when the color of solution is faded.

Based on experiment, we conclude the equation of reaction is :

5HCO + 3HSO + 2KMnO KSO + 2MnSO + 10CO + 8HO

Temperature and time

Temperature Time (s)

310C 519 s
500C 189 s
450C 244 s
400C 368 s
350C 476 s

Temperature and reaction rate

Temperature Reaction rate 1/t

310C 1,9.10-3
500C 5,2.10-3
450C 4 . 10-3
400C 2,7. 10-3
350C 2,1 .10-3

The reaction rate can also speed up or slowed down by changing the
temperature. When the temperature is increased, the reaction rate will increase
as well. The higher temperature, the higher reaction rates

17
 Temperature and Reaction Rate
60
50
50 45
40
40 35
31
Temperature 0C 30

20

10

0
189 244 368 476 519

Time-1 (s)

Column1

Temperature and Time

6
5.2
5
4
4

3 2.7
Reaction Rate 10-3 2.1
1.9
2

0
31 35 40 45 50

Temperature0C

Column1

18
 On the fourth experiment the purpose is to know the effect of catalyst on
reaction rate. The first, diluted 10 drops of KMNO 4 solution with water until the
volume 10ml. close the KMNO4 solution with tissue so that not contact with
light, because KMNO4 is very easier to oxidation by light.

Prepare the other test tube and entered 2 drops of H2C2O4 and 2 drops
H2SO4. Write the time when the color of KMNO 4 was gone. After that add 1
drop of KMNO4 again about 5 times.

Do the same, but add MnSO4 as catalyst and also add KMNO 4 diluted drop
by drop for about 5 times to get the data above the time.

Based on the experiment, we conclude the equation of

reaction is :

2KMnO + 5HCO + 3HSO KSO + 2MnSO + 10CO

+ 8HO

2HCO + 2HSO + MnSO + 2KMnO KSO + 2MnSO +

4CO + 4HO

Data :

Without Catalyst

Drops Time (s) t

1 80 s 80
2 150 s 70
3 181 s 31
4 336 s 155
5 366 s 30

With Catalyst

Drops Time (s) t

1 7s 7
2 18 s 11
3 47 s 29
4 77 s 30

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5 178 s 101

Based on the data that we have, the solution without catalyst need the longer
time to reaction process, but on the followed drop, acceleration time occur in
the reaction. For the following drop just need a view time than before.

Opposite when we use catalyst on the solution. On the first drop need a
view time to change the color, and for the following drop the time that needed
more slowly than before. So the conclusion that catalyst only higher the
reaction rate on the first reaction. For the following reaction will occur as
normally.

Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy prices (Ea).

Without Catalyst
200
155
150

Time-1 10080 70
50 31 30

0
1 2 3 4 5

Drop

Column1

Adding catalyst make reaction rate become higher

With Catalyst
150
101
100
Time-1
50 29 30
7 11
0
1 2 3 4 5
Drop

Column1

X. Discussion

20
 From the experiment we know that there are many effect
that influence the reaction rate, concentration, surface area touch,
temperature and catalyst.

On the forth experiment, the color change of solution must

be purple to pink soft as the reaction : 2KMnO4(aq) + 5H2C2O4(aq)
+ 3H2SO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + 10CO2(g) + K2SO4 + 8H2O (l)

But, on our experiment we do a mistake. The color change is not based on

theory. The color change, when MNO4 added is become feted brown on the second
drops. Thats can occur because many factors. We use a water from faucet, we
should be use aquades. May be the water from faucet contain of metals, so thats
why our experiment is failed and also MNO 4 is very corrosive with metals, finally
the color change was fated brown.

XI. Conclusion
Concentration : the higher concentration of solution the
higher reaction rate, the lower concentration of solution the lower
reaction rate
Surface area : the bigger surface area of touch, the higher
reaction rate, the smaller surface area the smaller reaction rate.
Temperature : the higher temperature the higher reaction
rate, the lower temperature the lower reaction rate.
Catalyst : adding catalyst make reaction rate become
higher
XII. Answer of Question
1. First experiment :
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) 2 NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Second experiment :
CaCO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Third experiment :
2KMnO4 (aq) + 5H2C2O4 (aq) + 3H2SO4 (aq) 2MnSO4 (aq) + 10CO2(g)
+ K2SO4 (aq) + 8H2O (l)
Fourth experiment : 2KMnO4(aq) + 5H2C2O4(aq) +
3H2SO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + 10CO2(g) + K2SO4 + 8H2O (l)

2. The rate law for first order :

r = k[A]
the rate law for second order :
r = k [A]1[B]1

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 3. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Gas that formed is carbon dioxide. It is proved with the bubles in the
erlenmeyer and the expanding of the ballon.
4. H2SO4 is as autocatalyst for making the reaction react faster. The
adding of H2SO4 in the reaction between H2C2O4 and KMnO4 produced
Manganese (II) Sulphate. MnSO4 having function as catalyst in a
reaction by lowering the activation energy prices.
5. the solution of KMnO4 which acitated with H2SO4 become colorless
because of the reduction of ion manganese become Mn2+.
5SO3 + 2MnO4 + 6H+ 2Mn2+ + 5SO42- + 3H2O
XIII. Reference
Eyring, H., and E.M. Eyring. 1963. Modern Chemical Kinetics. New
York: Renhold Publishing Corporation
King, E.L. 1963. How Chemical Reaction Occur. New York : W.A.
Benjamin Incorporated
Riley, Peter D. 2000. Mastering Chemistry. China : Macmillan press LTD.
Wood, J.H. 1966. Fundamental of Collage Chemistry. Japan : Universitas
of Tennesee

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