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NOTES
1. If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points then AB = (x 2 x1 )2 (y 2 y1 )2
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
2. If P divides AB in the ratio m : n then P = , .
mn mn
x x 2 y1 y 2
3. Mix point of AB is 1 , .
2 2
4. A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of a triangle ABC then the centroid G =
x1 x 2 x 3 y1 y 2 y 3
, .
3 3
5. The line joining a vertex of a triangle to the mid point of the opposite side is called a median.
The medians of a triangle are meeting at a point, called the centroid G of the triangle.
y y1
6. The slope of the line joining the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is m = 2 .
x 2 x1
7. If a line makes an angle with the positive X-axis in the positive direction, then its slope
m = tan .
a
8. The slope of the line ax + by + c = 0 is m = (if b 0)
b
9. Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of two nonvertical lines L1 and L2. If L1 || L2 then m1 = m2 and if L1
L2 then m1m2 = -1.
10. The equation the line with slope m and intercept on Y axis as c is y = mx + c.
11. The equation of the line passing through (x1, y1) and having slope m is y y1 = m(x x1).
12. The equation of the line passing through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
(x x1)(y2 y1) = (y y1)(x2 x1)
x y
13. If a line makes intercepts a and b on the coordinate axes, then its equation is = 1.
a b
x y 1
14. The area of the triangle formed by the line = 1 with the coordinate axes is |ab|.
a b 2
15. The general form of the equation of a line is ax + by + c = 0 (a2 + b2 0).
16. Slope of X - axis is 0 ; Slope of a horizontal line is 0
Slope of Y axis is not defined
Slope of a vertical line is not defined
17. Equation of X axis is y = 0.
Equation of the horizontal line passing through (h, k) is y = k.
Equation o f Y axis is x = 0.
Equation of the vertical line passing through (h, k) is x = h.
18. To find the point of intersection of two lines, solve the two equations for x and y.
If three lines are meeting at one point then the lines are concurrent and the point is called the
point of concurrence of the three lines.
19. The equation of a line parallel to ax + by + c = 0 is in the form ax + by + K = 0.
20. The equation of a line perpendicular to ax + by + c = 0 is in the form bx ay + K = 0.
Mathiit learning Pvt Ltd 36
Faculty Recruitment Material Coordinate Geometry
WORKED EXAMPLES
1. If A(2, 1), B(-1, -2), C(0.4), P(x, y) and PA2 + PB2 = 2 PC2 then find the value of x + 9y
2 2 2 2 2
Sol: (x 2) + (y 1) + (x + 1) + (y + 2) = 2[(x 0) + (y 4) ]
2 2 2 2 2 2
x 4x + 4 + y 2y + 1 + x + 2x + 1 + y + 4y + 4 = 2x + 2y + 32 16y
-2x 18y 22 = 0 x + 9y = -11
2. If the point of intersection of the lines x + 3y 1 = 0 and x 2y + 7 = 0 lies on the line
x + Ky 16 = 0, then find K.
Sol:
x + 3y - 1=0
x 2y +7=0
+
5y - 8=0
8
y=
5
24 19
x + -1 = 0 x =
5 5
19 8
point of intersection is ,
5 5
19 8K 99
16 = 0 -19 + 8K 80 = 0 K =
5 5 8
3. Find the point on the line x + y + 7 = 0 equidistant from (0, 1), (2, 1)
Sol: Let the point be P(x, y)
Then x + y + 7 = 0 .. (1)
(x 0)2 + (y 1)2 = (x 2)2 + (y 1)2
2 2 2 2
x + y 2y + 1 = x 4x + 4 + y 2y + 1 4x = 4 x = 1
from (1), 1 + y + 7 = 0 and so, y = -8
P = (1, -8).
4. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines
2x y = 0 and x + 2y 5 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 3x 2y + 4 = 0
Sol: 2x y = 0 .. (1)
x + 2y 5 = 0 (2)
3x 2y + 4 = 0 (3)
(1) x 2 gives
4x 2y = 0
x + 2y 5 = 0 (From (2))
5x - 5 = 0
x=1
y=2
P = (1, 2)
A line perpendicular to (3) is 2x + 3y + K = 0
2 + 6 + K = 0 K = -8
Hence, the required line is 2x + 3y 8 = 0
6. D (2, 1), E (-1, -2) and F(3, 3) are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB of a triangle
ABC. Then find the vertices of triangle ABC.
Sol: Let A = (h, k).
Then AFDE is a parallelogram and so, A
mid point of AD = mid point of EF. (3,3) F E (-1,-2)
h 2 k 1 3 1 3 2
, , C
2 2 2 2 B D
(2,1)
h = 1, k = -3 and A = (1, -3)
Similarly, B = (6, 6) and C = (-2, -4)
7. Find the equation of the line which passes through (3, 4) and is such that the portion of it
intercepted by the coordinate axes is divided by the point in the ratio 2 : 3
Sol: From the figure
Y
3a 0 2b 0
P= , (3,4) B 3
23 23 (0,b)
P (3,4)
2
a = 5, b = 10
X
O A
Equation of the line is (a,0)
x y
1 i.e., 2x + y = 10
5 10
8. ABCD is a square. The coordinates of opposite vertices A and C are (1, 3), (3, 7). Then
find the equation of BD.
D C (3,7)
Sol: P = mid point of AC
1 3 3 7 900
= , = (2, 5) P
2 2
A B
73 4 (1,3)
Slope of AC = 2
3 1 2
1
Slope of BD is m =
2
1
Equation of BD is y 5 = (x 2)
2
i.e., 2y 10 = -x + 2 or x + 2y 12 = 0.
LEVEL I
1. Show that the points (e, ), (2e, 3 ), (3e, 5 ) are collinear.
2. The points (3, 2), (-3, 2), (0, h) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle. If h < 2, find h.
3. A (-4, 3), B (6, -1) and C (2, -5) are the vertices of a triangle. Find the length of the median
through A.
4. Find the condition that the points (7, 5), (3, 6), (x, y) to be collinear.
5. A triangle with vertices (4, 0), (-1, -1), (3, 5) is . (AIEEE 2002).
1
6. The point P, if Q = (-2, 4) is the point on the line segment OP such that OQ = OP is .,
3
O being the origin.
7. If the point P(x, y) be equidistant from the points A(a + b, a b) and B(a b, a + b) then show
that x=y.
8. If A(1, 2), B(2, -3), C(-2, 3), P(x, y) and PA2 + PB2 = 2PC2, then find the value of 7x 7y.
9. A square has two opposite vertices at (2, 3) and (4, 1) then find the length of the side.
10. If (1, 1), (3, 4) are two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram with center (5, 4) then find the
remaining vertices.
3 5
11. If the mid point of join of (x, y + 1) and (x + 1, y + 2) is , , then find the mid point of join of
2 2
(x 1, y + 1) and (x + 1, y 1).
12. One vertex of a rectangle of sides 3 and 4 lies at the origin. The coordinates of the opposite
vertex may be (3, 4). (True/False).
13. Show that the points (1, -1), ( 3 , 3 ), (0, 3 -1) are the vertices of a right angled isosceles
triangle.
14. The medians AD and BE of ABC with vertices A(o, b), B(0,0), C(a,0) are mutually
perpendicular if a=
15. Find the value of K such that the line 3x + 4y + 5 K (x + 2y + 3) = 0 is parallel to Y axis.
16. If (a, b) is the middle point of the intercept of a line between the coordinate axes, then find the
equation of the line.
17. Find the angle subtended by the line joining the points (5, 2) and (6, -15) at (0, 0).
18. If the area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, 3x + 4y = a (a > 0) is 1 then find a.
19. A(-1, 1), B(5, 3) are opposite vertices of a square. Find the equation of the other diagonal (not
passing through A, B).
20. If the point of intersection of the lines x 3y + 5 = 0 and Kx + 4y + 2 = 0 lies on the line
2x + 7y 3 = 0, then find K.
LEVEL II
1. Prove that the points (-3, 1), (-2, -3), (2, -2), (1, 2) form a square.
2. Prove that the points (-a, -b), (0, 0), (a, b), (a2, ab) are collinear.
3. One end of a line segment of length 10 is (2, -3). If the other end has the abscissa 10 then find
its ordinate.
4. Find the equation of the straight line which bisects the intercepts made by the lines 2x +3y = 6,
3x +2y = 6 on the axes
LEVEL III
1. A line AB is divided internally at P(2, -4) in the ratio 2 : 3 and at Q (0, 5) in the ratio 3 : 2. Then
find A.
2. Find the point on the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 which is equidistant from the points (-5, 6) and (3, 2).
3. A line meets the X-axis at A and Y axis at B such that centroid of triangle OAB is (1, 2). Then
find the equation of AB.
a 2a 1 1 1
4. Given A = (at2, 2at), B = 2 , and S = (a, 0); prove that .
t t SA SB a
5. D(2, 1), E(-1, -2) and F(3, 3) are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB of triangle ABC. Find the
equation of the sides of triangle ABC.
6. ABCD is a parallogram. Equations of AB and AD are 4x + 5y = 0, 7x + 2y = 0 and the equation
of the diagonal BD is 11x + 7y 9 = 0. Find the equation of AC.
KEY TO LEVEL I
2. 2 27 3. 10 4. x + 4y = 27 5. isosceles and right angled 6. (-6, 12)
KEY TO LEVEL II
3. 3 or -9 4. 2x + 2y 5 = 0 5. 1 7. (0, 2 3 )or (3, - 3 )
4
8. 9. 2 10. (4, 1) 11. isosceles 12. x + 7y 31 = 0
3
13. (-3, -6), (5, 2) 14. x + y = 0 15. 18 16. x + y + 2 = 0
81
17. 3x + 2y += 6 18. 4 2 19. 20. (2, 0) and (4, 4)
13
WORK SHEET
1. Write the equations of straight lines (i) parallel to X axis and at a distance of 4 and 5 units above
and below to X-axis respectively. (ii) Parallel to Y-axis and at a distance of 2 units, from Y-axis to
the right of it. (iii) at a distance of 6 units from Y-axis to the left of it.
2. The slope of the line joining points A ab12 ,2ab1 ,B ab22 ,2ab2 is
3. The slope of the line perpendicular to the line joining the points A(a, 0), B(0, b) is ..
b
4. Find the equation of a line passing through (a, b) and having slope .
a
5. If (2, 1), (5, 7), (5, 5) are the midpoints of the sides of a triangle. Find the equations of the
sides of the triangle.