5-1 Trigonometric Identities: Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

5-1 Trigonometric Identities
Find the value of each expression using the

given information. 4.If sin = , find csc .
1.If cot = , find tan . SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
5.If cos x = andsinx = , find cot x.
2.If cos x = , find sec x. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
3.If tan = , find cot .
SOLUTION:
6.If sec =2andtan = , find sin .
SOLUTION:
Use the reciprocal identity tofind
4.If sin = , find csc .
SOLUTION:
Then use the quotient identity tofind
.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
6.If sec =2andtan = , find sin .

7.If csc = andcot = , find sec .
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Use the reciprocal identity tofind
Use the reciprocal identity tofindsin
.
.
Then use the quotient identity tofind

Use the quotient identity tofindcos.
.
7.If csc = andcot = , find sec .

Use the reciprocal identity tofindsec
SOLUTION: .

.
Use the quotient identity tofindcos.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 8.If sec =8andtan =3 , find csc . Page 2
SOLUTION:
8.If sec =8andtan =3 , find csc . Find the value of each expression using the
given information.
SOLUTION: 9.sec and cos ; tan = 5, cos >0
Use the reciprocal identity tofindcos SOLUTION:

Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves tan to
. find sec .
Since we are given that cos is positive, the

Use the quotient identity tofindsin . reciprocal function sec must be positive, so
.

Use the reciprocal identity to find
cos .

Use the reciprocal identity tofindcsc
.
10.cot andsec ; sin = , tan <0
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves sin to
find cos .

given information.
9.sec Manual
eSolutions andcos ; tan
Powered = 5, cos >0
by Cognero Page 3
SOLUTION:
10.cot andsec ; sin = , tan <0
SOLUTION:
5-1 Use
Trigonometric Identities
the Pythagorean Identity that involves sin to
find cos .
11.tan andsin ; sec =4,sin >0
SOLUTION:
Use the reciprocal identity to find cos

.

Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves sec to
find tan .
Since tan = is negative, and sin is positive,
then cos mustbenegative.Therefore,
Use the reciprocal identity tofindsec

. Since sin is positive, and ispositive,tan
must be positive. Therefore,

Use the quotient identity tofindsin .
Use the quotient identity tofindcot .
12.sin andcot ; cos = , sin <0
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cos to
find sin .
11.tan andsin ; sec =4,sin >0

SOLUTION:
Use the reciprocal identity to find cos
13.cos and tan csc = , tan >0
SOLUTION:
5-1 Trigonometric Identities Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves csc to

find cot .
12.sin andcot ; cos = , sin <0
SOLUTION:
find sin .
Since we are given that tan is positive, cot must
also be positive. Therefore, .
Use the reciprocal identity tofindtan

.
Since sin is negative, .
Use the quotient identity tofindcot .
.
.
13.cos and tan csc = , tan >0
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves csc to Use the quotient identity to find cos .
find cot .

Use the quotient identity to find cos .
14.sin andcos ; cot =8,csc <0
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cot to
find csc .
Since we are given that csc is negative, csc =

14.sin andcos ; cot =8,csc <0 .
SOLUTION: Use the reciprocal identity tofindsin
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cot to
find csc . .
Since we are given that csc is negative, csc =

.
.
Use the quotient identity tofindcos .
Use the quotient identity tofindcos .
15.cot andsin ; sec = , sin >0
SOLUTION:
Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves sec to
find tan .

SOLUTION:
5-1 Use
the Pythagorean Identity that involves sec to Then use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cos
find tan . to find sin .
Since we are given that sin is positive, sin =

Since we are given that sec isnegative,weknow
that cos isnegative.Wearealsogiventhatsin .
is positive. Since cos isnegativeandsin is
positive, tan isnegative.Therefore, 16.tan andcsc ; cos = , sin <0
.
SOLUTION:
Use the reciprocal identity tofindcot Use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cos to
find sin .
.
Since we are given that sin is negative, we know

Use the reciprocal identity tofindcos
that sin = . Use the reciprocal identity
.
tofindcsc.
Then use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cos

.
to find sin .

Since we are given that sin is positive, sin =
5-1 Trigonometric
.
Identities

16.tan andcsc ; cos = , sin <0 giveninformation.
SOLUTION: 17.If csc =1.24, find .

find sin . SOLUTION:
18.If cos x = 0.61, find .
SOLUTION:
Since we are given that sin is negative, we know
that sin = . Use the reciprocal identity

tofindcsc.
19.If tan =1.52, find .
SOLUTION:
20.If sin = 0.18, find .

Use the quotient identity tofindtan.
SOLUTION:

giveninformation. 21.If cot x = 1.35, find .
17.If csc =1.24, find . SOLUTION:


SOLUTION:
24.sec x cot x sin x

21.If cot x = 1.35, find .
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

Simplify each expression.

22.csc x sec x tan x
SOLUTION:
25.
SOLUTION:
23.csc x cos x cot x

SOLUTION:
26.
SOLUTION:
24.sec x cot x sin x

SOLUTION:

27.
SOLUTION:
27.
29.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
30.cot x csc2 x cot x

SOLUTION:
28.
SOLUTION:
31.cot x cos3 x csc x

SOLUTION:

32.
29.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:

34.
32.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
33.
35.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
36.
SOLUTION:
34.
SOLUTION:

37.SUNGLASSESManysunglassesaremadewith
36. polarized lenses, which reduce the intensity of light.
The intensity of light emerging from a system of two
SOLUTION:
polarizing lenses I can be calculated by I = I0
, where I0 is the intensity of light entering the

system of lenses and is the angle of the axis of the
second lens in relation to that of the first lens.
a. Simplify the formula for the intensity of light

emerging from a system of two polarized lenses.
b. If a pair of sunglasses contains a system of two
polarizing lenses with axes at 30 to one another,
what proportion of the intensity of light entering the
sunglasses emerges?
SOLUTION:
37.SUNGLASSESManysunglassesaremadewith
a.
polarized lenses, which reduce the intensity of light.
The intensity of light emerging from a system of two
polarizing lenses I can be calculated by I = I0
, where I0 is the intensity of light entering the

system of lenses and is the angle of the axis of the
second lens in relation to that of the first lens.

a. Simplify the formula for the intensity of light b. Evaluate I = I0 cos2 for = 30.
emerging from a system of two polarized lenses.
b. If a pair of sunglasses contains a system of two
polarizing lenses with axes at 30 to one another,
what proportion of the intensity of light entering the
sunglasses emerges?
SOLUTION:
a.

Therefore, oftheintensityoflightenteringthe
sunglasses emerges.
Rewrite as an expression that does not involve

afraction.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 38. Page 12
SOLUTION:

Therefore, oftheintensityoflightenteringthe
sunglasses emerges.
Rewrite as an expression that does not involve 40.

afraction.
38. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
41.
39. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
40.
SOLUTION: 42.
SOLUTION:

42. 44.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
43.
SOLUTION:
45.
SOLUTION:
44.
SOLUTION: 46.
SOLUTION:

46. Determine whether each parent trigonometric

function shown is odd or even. Explain your
reasoning.
SOLUTION:
48.
SOLUTION:
Functions that are symmetric with respect to the y-
axis are even function. Functions that are symmetric
with respect to the origin are odd functions. The
graphshownisanoddfunction.
47.
The graph is f (x) = cot x. f (x) = cot (x) = cot x =
SOLUTION: f (x). Since f (x) = f (x), f (x) = cot x is an odd
function.
49.
SOLUTION:
Functions that are symmetric with respect to the y-
axis are even function. The graph shown is an even
function.

The graph is f (x) = sec x. f (x) = sec (x) = sec x =
f(x). Since f (x) = f (x), f (x) = sec x is an even
function.
50.SOCCERWhenasoccerballiskickedfromthe
ground, its height y and horizontal displacement x are
related by , where v0 is
the initial velocity of the ball, istheangleatwhich
Determine whether each parent trigonometric it was kicked, and g is the acceleration due to
function shown is odd or even. Explain your gravity. Rewrite this equation so that tan isthe
reasoning. only trigonometric function that appears in the
equation.
SOLUTION:
function.

The graph is f (x) = sec x. f (x) = sec (x) = sec x =
5-1 f(x). Since f (x) = f (x),
Trigonometric f (x) = sec x is an even
Identities
function.
50.SOCCERWhenasoccerballiskickedfromthe 52.cos x + tan x sin x

ground, its height y and horizontal displacement x are
SOLUTION:
related by , where v0 is
the initial velocity of the ball, istheangleatwhich
it was kicked, and g is the acceleration due to
gravity. Rewrite this equation so that tan isthe
only trigonometric function that appears in the
equation.
SOLUTION:
53.csc x tan2 x sec2 x csc x

SOLUTION:
Write each expression in terms of a single

trigonometric function.
51.tan x csc x sec x
SOLUTION:
54.sec x csc x cos x csc x

SOLUTION:
52.cos x + tan x sin x

SOLUTION:

made in part c valid for the entire domain of each
function? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
5-1 Trigonometric Identities a. Evaluate for , , 0, , and
.
54.sec x csc x cos x csc x
SOLUTION:

Evaluate for
.

Evaluate for , , 0, ,
and .

55.MULTIPLEREPRESENTATIONS In this
problem, you will investigate the verification of
Evaluate for , , 0, , and
trigonometric identities. Consider the functions
shown. .
i.
ii.
a. TABULARCopyandcompletethetablebelow,
without graphing the functions.
Complete the table.

b.GRAPHICAL Grapheachfunctionona
graphing calculator. b. To graph y 1, enter the following into Y1 and then
c. VERBALMakeaconjectureaboutthe press Zoom Trig.
relationship between y 1 and y 2. Repeat for y 3 and
y 4.
d. ANALYTICALAretheconjecturesthatyou
made in part c valid for the entire domain of each
function? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
a. Evaluate for , , 0, , and
.


To graph y 4, enter the following into Y1 and then
press Zoom Trig.
press Zoom Trig.

c. The graphs for y 1 and y 2 are not the same, so y 1
To graph y 3, enter the following into Y1 and then y 2. For the window shown, the graphs of y 3 and
press Zoom Trig. y4 appear identical. Therefore it appears that y 3 =
y4.

d. yes

Sincey 2 = , and for
the entire domain of each function, y 1 y 2 .


5-1 Trigonometric
Sincey 2= Identities
, and for
the entire domain of each function, y 1 y 2 .
58.ln (cot2 x + 1) + ln |sec x|
SOLUTION:
59.ln (sec2 x tan2 x) ln (1 cos2 x)

SOLUTION:
Sincey 4 = = y 3, y 3 = y 4 for the
entire domain of each function.

Rewrite each expression as a single logarithm

and simplify the answer.
56.ln |sin x| ln |cos x|
SOLUTION:
Alternate solution:
57.ln |sec x| ln |cos x|

SOLUTION:
60.ELECTRICITY A current in a wire in a magnetic

field causes a force to act on the wire. The strength
of the magnetic field can be determined using the
formula , where F is the force on the
wire, I is the current in the wire, is the length of
the wire, and is the angle the wire makes with the
magnetic field. Some physics books give the formula
as F = I Bsin . Show that the two formulas are
equivalent.
SOLUTION:
Start with one equation and use algebraic and
trigonometric identities to form the other.

58.ln (cot2 x + 1) + ln |sec x|
SOLUTION:
61.LIGHT WAVES When light shines through two

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero narrow slits, a series of light and dark fringes appear.
Page 19
2 2 2 The angle , in radians, locating the mth fringe can
59.ln (sec x tan x) ln (1 cos x)
be calculated by sin = , where d is the
SOLUTION:
5-1 Trigonometric Identities 62.PROOF Prove that the area of the triangle is A =

where
61.LIGHT WAVES When light shines through two
narrow slits, a series of light and dark fringes appear. s= (a + b + c).
The angle , in radians, locating the mth fringe can
be calculated by sin = , where d is the (Hint: The area of an oblique triangle is A = bc
distance between the two slits, and is the sin A.)

wavelength of light.
SOLUTION:
a. Rewrite the formula in terms of csc .

b. Determine the angle locating the 100th fringe
when light having a wavelength of 550 nanometers is By the Law of Cosines, , so
shined through double slits spaced 0.5 millimeters
apart. .
SOLUTION: Rewrite each factor under the radical using this
a. value for cos A.
b. Solve the equation whenm = 100,

=550nanometers,andd = 0.5 mm. To do this,
first convert 0.5 mm to nanometers. One nanometer
9
is 1 10 m.
62.PROOF Prove that the area of the triangle is A =

where
s= (a + b + c).
(Hint: The area of an oblique triangle is A = bc
Rewrite each of these expression in terms of s if s =
sin A.) .
63.ERROR ANALYSIS Jenelle and Chloe are
simplifying . Jenelle thinks that the
expression simplifies to , and Chloe

2 2
thinks that it simplifies to csc x tan x. Is either of
them correct? Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
Jenelle is correct.

Rewrite each of these expression in terms of s if s = Chloe incorrectly simplified as
.
.
CHALLENGE Write each of the basic

trigonometric functions in terms of the
following functions.
64.sin x
SOLUTION:
csc x =

cos x:

Substitute these value into the equation
sec x:
.

63.ERROR ANALYSIS Jenelle and Chloe are
simplifying . Jenelle thinks that the
expression
eSolutions Manual -simplifies
Powered by to
Cognero , and Chloe Page 21
2 2
thinks that it simplifies to csc x tan x. Is either of
5-1 sec
Trigonometric
x:
Identities

65.cos x
SOLUTION:
sin x:

csc x:

tan x:

sec x:

cot x: sec x =

tan x:

cot x:


65.cos x
SOLUTION:
5-1 cot
Trigonometric
x:
Identities csc x:

sin x:

66.tan x
SOLUTION:
cot x =

sec x:

cos x:

REASONING Determine whether each

statement is true or false . Explain your
reasoning.
67.csc2 x tan x = csc x sec x is true for all real
numbers.
SOLUTION:
2
False; The expressions csc x tan x and csc x sec x
are equivalent for all values of x for which both
csc x: expressions are defined, as shown below.

However, these expressions are not defined for all

2
real numbers. For example, when x = , csc x tan
x and csc x sec xareundefined.
68.The odd-even identities can be used to prove that the

2 2
= isequivalentto1+tan =sec or
5-1 Trigonometric Identities tan

2
+1=sec
2
.

REASONING Determine whether each 70.cot2 +1=csc

2
statement is true or false . Explain your
reasoning. SOLUTION:
67.csc2 x tan x = csc x sec x is true for all real According to the Pythagorean Theorem, x + y = r .
2 2 2
numbers. When each side of the equation is divided by y ,
2
SOLUTION:
2
+1= . Since cot = andcsc = ,,
False; The expressions csc x tan x and csc x sec x
are equivalent for all values of x for which both 2 2
expressions are defined, as shown below. +1= isequivalenttocot + 1 = csc
2 2
or1+cot =csc .
71.PREWRITE Use a chart or a table to help you

organize the major trigonometric identities found in
Lesson 5-1.
However, these expressions are not defined for all
2 SOLUTION:
real numbers. For example, when x = , csc x tan
Reciprocal
x and csc x sec xareundefined. Identities
sin =

cos =
68.The odd-even identities can be used to prove that the tan =

graphs of y = cos x and y = sec x are symmetric
csc =
with respect to the y-axis.
sec =
SOLUTION:
True; sample answer: The graphs of even functions cot =
are symmetric with respect to the y-axis. Since cos x
and sec x are both even functions, the graphs of Quotient tan =
these functions are therefore symmetric with respect Identities
to the y-axis.
cot =
PROOF Prove each Pythagorean identity.
69.tan2 + 1 = sec
2
Pythagorean 2 2
sin + cos = 1
Identities
SOLUTION: tan2 + 1 = sec2
2 2 2 2
According to the Pythagorean Theorem, x + y = cot + 1 = csc
2 2
r . When each side of the equation is divided by x ,
Cofunction
1+ = . Since tan = andsec = ,1+ Identities
2 2
= isequivalentto1+tan =sec or
2 2
tan +1=sec .
70.cot2 +1=csc
2

Odd-Even sin () = sin
SOLUTION: Identities csc () = csc
2 2 2 cos () = cos
According to the Pythagorean Theorem, x + y = r .
2 sec () = sec
eSolutions
When Manual
each- Powered by Cognero
side of the equation is divided by y , Page 24
tan () = tan
cot () = cot
+1= . Since cot = andcsc = ,,
cos () = cos
sec () = sec
2 2
+1= isequivalenttocot + 1 = csc tan () = tan
cot () = cot
5-1 Trigonometric
2 Identities
2
or1+cot =csc .
71.PREWRITE Use a chart or a table to help you Solve each triangle. Round to the nearest
organize the major trigonometric identities found in tenth, if necessary.
Lesson 5-1.
SOLUTION:
Reciprocal 72.
sin =
Identities
cos = SOLUTION:
Because two angles are given, B = 180 (62 +
tan =
17 ) or 101 . Use the Law of Sines to find b and c.
csc =
sec =
cot =

Quotient tan =
Identities
cot = Therefore, B = 101 , c 3.0,andb 3.4.

Pythagorean 2 2
sin + cos = 1
Identities
tan2 + 1 = sec2
2 2
cot + 1 = csc

Cofunction 73.
Identities
SOLUTION:
Because two angles are given, C = 180 (59 +4
or 73 . Use the Law of Sines to find a and b.

Odd-Even sin () = sin
Identities csc () = csc
cos () = cos
sec () = sec
tan () = tan Therefore, C = 73 , a 55.6,andb 48.2.
cot () = cot

Solve each triangle. Round to the nearest

tenth, if necessary.
74.
SOLUTION:
Use the Law of Sines to find b,and C.
72.
SOLUTION:
Because two angles are given, B = 180 (62 +
eSolutions
17 Manual - Powered
) or 101 . Usebythe
Cognero
Law of
Sines to find b and c. Page 25
Therefore, C = 73 , a 55.6,andb 48.2. Therefore, B 21 , C 37 , and b 13.1.
74.
SOLUTION:
Use the Law of Sines to find b,and C. 75.
SOLUTION:
Use the Law of Sines to find c,and B.
Find B, B = 180 (122 +37) or 21.
Find C, C = 180 (65 +46) or 69.
Therefore, B 21 , C 37 , and b 13.1.
Therefore, B 46 , C 69 ,andc 5.2.
75.
76.
SOLUTION:
Use the Law of Sines to find c,and B. SOLUTION:
Because two angles are given, C = 180 (63 + 20
97. Use the Law of Sines to find a and b.
Find C, C = 180 (65 +46) or 69. Therefore, C = 97 , a 5.5,andb 14.4.

Therefore, C = 97 , a 5.5,andb 14.4. Therefore, A 40 , B 65 , and b 2.8.
Find the exact value of each expression, if it

exists.
78.cot
77. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Let u = , so u= .
Use the Law of Sines to find a,and A.

Because the domain of the inverse sine function is
restricted to Quadrants I and IV, u must line in one
of these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I.

Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute
angle u, an opposite side length 7 and a hypotenuse
length 9.

Find B,B = 180 (40 +75) or 65.

The length of the side adjacent to u is
or . Now, solve
for cot u.
Therefore, A 40 , B 65 , and b 2.8.
Find the exact value of each expression, if it

exists.
78.cot

SOLUTION:
So, cot = .
Let u = , so u= .

Because the domain of the inverse sine function is 79.tan (arctan 3)
restricted to Quadrants I and IV, u must line in one SOLUTION:
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I. The inverse property applies, because 3 lies on the
interval . Therefore, = 3.
angle u, an opposite side length 7 and a hypotenuse
length 9. 80.cos

SOLUTION:
The inverse property applies, because lieson
79.tan (arctan 3)
SOLUTION: we find that sin u = . Therefore,
The inverse property applies, because 3 lies on the
5-1 interval
. Therefore, = 3.
80.cos 82.cos 1
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The inverse property applies, because lieson Let u = . Then u= .

Because the domain of the inverse sine function is
the interval [1, 1]. Therefore, = restricted to Quadrants I and IV, u must line in one
.

angle u, an opposite side length andahypotenuse
81. of length 2.
SOLUTION:
1
Let u = cos andsubstitute.
Now find . Draw a diagram of a right

triangle with an acute angle u, an adjacent side
length andahypotenuseoflength2.
The length of the side adjacent to u is
. Since is not a real
number, u does not exist. Therefore, does not
1
exist, so cos does not exist.
83.sin
SOLUTION:
The length of the side opposite u is
Let u = . Then u= .
. Using this triangle,
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
we find that sin u = . Therefore, restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must line in one of
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each

angle u, an adjacent side length 3 and a hypotenuse
82.cos 1 length 5.
SOLUTION:
Let u = . Then u= .
linearizing the data and finding the linear regression
number, u does not exist. Therefore, does not equation.
b. Use the model for the linearized data to find a
1 model for the original data.
5-1 exist,
Trigonometric
so cos Identities
does not exist.
c. Use your model to predict the height an American
male whose head circumference is 24 inches.
83.sin
SOLUTION:
Let u = . Then u= .
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must line in one of
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each

angle u, an adjacent side length 3 and a hypotenuse SOLUTION:
length 5.
a. For a quadratic model, replace (x, y) with (x, ln y).
x y ln y
14.1 19.5 2.97
18.0 26.4 3.27
18.3 29.7 3.39
18.7 32.3 3.48
19.1 34.4 3.54
19.4 36.2 3.59
19.6 37.7 3.63

Find the regression equation of the linearized data.
The length of the side opposite to u is
or 4.
So, sin = sin u = .
84.ANTHROPOLOGY Allometry is the study of the

relationship between the size of an organism and the

size of any of its parts. A researcher decided to test
for an allometry between the size of the human head The rounded equation is .
compared to the human body as a person ages. The
data in the table represent the average American Graph the linearized data.
male.
a. Find a quadratic model relating these data by
linearizing the data and finding the linear regression
equation.
b. Use the model for the linearized data to find a
model for the original data.
c. Use your model to predict the height an American
male whose head circumference is 24 inches.
b. Replace with ln y and simplify.

86.D U
SOLUTION:
5-1 Trigonometric Identities False; all of the elements of D are not elements of
U; 11 is an element of D but not an element of U.
b. Replace with ln y and simplify.
87.SAT/ACT If x > 0 then
=

2
A (x + 1)
2
B (x 1)
C3x 1
c. Substitute 24 for x. D 3x
E 3(x 1)2
SOLUTION:

The height is approximately 59.7 inches.
Let U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = {6, 9}, B = {6, 9,

10}, C = {0, 1, 6, 9, 11}, D = {2, 5, 11}.
Determine whether each statement is true or
false . Explain your reasoning.
85.A B
SOLUTION:
True; all of the elements of A are also elements of B.
88.REVIEW If sin x = m and 0 < x<90,thentanx
86.D U =
SOLUTION: F
False; all of the elements of D are not elements of
U; 11 is an element of D but not an element of U.
G
87.SAT/ACT If x > 0 then

=
H
A (x + 1) 2
B (x 1)
2 J
C3x 1
D 3x SOLUTION:
E 3(x 1)2
SOLUTION:
89.Which of the following is equivalent to

tan ?
A tan
89.Which of the following is equivalent to
tan ?
A tan
B cot
C sin
D cos
SOLUTION:
The correct answer is choice B.
90.REVIEW Refer to the figure. If cos D = 0.8, what

is the length of ?
F5
G4
H 3.2
J

SOLUTION:

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5-1 Trigonometric Identities

Find the value of each expression using the

1.If cot = , find tan . SOLUTION:

5.If cos x = andsinx = , find cot x.

2.If cos x = , find sec x. SOLUTION:

3.If tan = , find cot .

Use the reciprocal identity tofind

4.If sin = , find csc .

Then use the quotient identity tofind

6.If sec =2andtan = , find sin .

Then use the quotient identity tofind

7.If csc = andcot = , find sec .

Use the reciprocal identity tofindsin

Use the quotient identity tofindcos.

Use the reciprocal identity tofindcos SOLUTION:

Since we are given that cos is positive, the

Find the value of each expression using the

Use the reciprocal identity to find cos

Use the reciprocal identity tofindsec

must be positive. Therefore,

Use the quotient identity tofindcot .

12.sin andcot ; cos = , sin <0

11.tan andsin ; sec =4,sin >0

Since we are given that tan is positive, cot must

also be positive. Therefore, .

Use the reciprocal identity tofindtan

Since sin is negative, .

Use the quotient identity tofindcot .

13.cos and tan csc = , tan >0

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Since we are given that csc is negative, csc =

Since we are given that csc is negative, csc =

Use the quotient identity tofindcos .

Use the quotient identity tofindcos .

15.cot andsin ; sec = , sin >0

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15.cot andsin ; sec = , sin >0

Since we are given that sin is positive, sin =

Since we are given that sin is negative, we know

Then use the Pythagorean Identity that involves cos

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Find the value of each expression using the

SOLUTION: 17.If csc =1.24, find .

18.If cos x = 0.61, find .

Since we are given that sin is negative, we know

that sin = . Use the reciprocal identity

19.If tan =1.52, find .

20.If sin = 0.18, find .

Find the value of each expression using the

17.If csc =1.24, find . SOLUTION:

24.sec x cot x sin x

Simplify each expression.

23.csc x cos x cot x

24.sec x cot x sin x

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30.cot x csc2 x cot x

31.cot x cos3 x csc x

Simplify each expression.

Simplify each expression.

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, where I0 is the intensity of light entering the

a. Simplify the formula for the intensity of light

, where I0 is the intensity of light entering the