What is motion in science?

Motion can be defined as a change in the position of a body with respect to time and
another body. Motion is relative in physics.

Motion and rest are fundamental ideas in physics. There is no absolute rest as all
bodies in the Universe are in a perpetual state of motion. Stars, planets, constellations
and even galaxies are in motion with respect to each other.

Planets revolve around stars and galaxies move away from each other. Motion along a
straight path is referred to as linear motion. Motion along a curved path is referred to as
curvilinear motion.

Motion is measured as the distance covered by an object in a specific interval of time.

The units of distance are the Kilometer and the meter. Thus, motion is measured in
terms of meters and kilometers1

WHAT ARE NEWTON'S THREE LAWS OF MOTION?

NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION IS THE LAW OF INERTIA, AND THE SECOND LAW
OF MOTION EXPRESSES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCE, MASS AND
ACCELERATION. THE THIRD LAW OF MOTION STATES THAT "FOR EVERY ACTION,
THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION.

Newton's First Law of Motion, or the Law of Inertia, states that "every object in a state of
uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is
applied to it." This means that there is a natural tendency for a moving object to keep
moving, unless an external force interferes.

According to the Second Law of Motion, acceleration is produced when a force acts on
a mass. The greater the mass, the greater the amount of force required. Force equals
mass times acceleration.

The Third Law of Motion states that for every force, there is a reaction force that is
equal in size, but opposite in direction. Therefore, whenever one object pushes another
object, it gets pushed in the opposite direction equally as hard. 2
1 HTTPS://WWW.REFERENCE.COM/SCIENCE/MOTION-SCIENCE-DD54D21DC02719AB#

2 HTTPS://WWW.REFERENCE.COM/SCIENCE/NEWTON-S-THREE-LAWS-MOTION-103F06122F5CA0CC
7th Grade Laws of Motion

Newtons First Law:

An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless the
object is acted upon by an outside force.

This means that if you leave a book on your coffee table over night, when you return in the
morning, unless an outside force moved it, it will be in the same place. This also means that if
you kick a soccer ball, it will continue moving until it hits something. However, we all know the
ball will eventually stop even if it does not hit a wallthis is because of the friction between the
ball and the ground, and between the ball and the air.

Newtons Second Law:

If an unbalanced force acts on a body, that body will experience acceleration (or deceleration),
that is, a change of speed.

It is easily expressed in the equation: Acceleration= Force/Mass or A=F/M or F=MA This

basically means that that acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the
mass of the object being accelerated, the greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the
object. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance than
do lighter objects. The Second Law, however, gives us an exact relationship between force, mass,
and acceleration.

Newtons Third Law:

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

This is exemplified when you jump off of a boat into a lake; your foot and the boat exert force
upon one another. You travel off in one direction and the boat drifts in the opposite direction.
Another example is if you and your friend are wearing roller blades and you push your friend in
one direction, you will travel in the opposite direction. Laws of Motion Exercises: For the
equations:
F is measured in newtons

M (mass) is measured in kg

A (acceleration) is measured in m/s

Equations: F=MA or A=F/M

1. A car weighs 1000kg, you can push it .05 m/s, how much force (F) are you applying to the
car? Here we use F=MA: F= 1000 x .05 F= 50 newtons

2. Another car weighs 2000kg, you can push it .05 m/s, how much force are you applying to the
car? Again use F=MA.3

3. A force of 5000 newtons is applied to a 1200 kg car at rest. What is its acceleration? (m/s)

4. A 10kg body has an acceleration of 2 m/s. Find the net force (F) acting on the body.

5. An empty truck with a mass of 2500kg has an engine that will accelerate at a rate of 1.5 m/s.
What will the force be if the truck is carrying an additional load of 1500kg?

6. A force of 700 newtons is applied to a 600 kg bowling ball. What is the acceleration of the
bowling ball once the force is applied?

7. A baseball weighs 2.5 kg, after it is hit with a bat it has an acceleration of 36 m/s. How much
force was used to make the ball travel that fast?

8. During a car crash a bus that weighs 5000kg is hit by a semi truck, the bus moves at a speed of
8m/s. How much force was used to make the bus travel that fast?

9. Mr. Sadowski (80kg) is sitting in his favorite desk chair having fallen asleep from all the hard
work he does; a disobedient student pushes Mr. Sadowski down the hall with an acceleration of
10 m/s. How much force would the student have to use to get Mr. Sadowski to move that fast?

10. An old mousetrap car is sprung into motion and weighs 1000 kg. It is pulling a trailer with
1750 kg on it, travels with an acceleration of 20 m/s. What was the force of the mousetrap that
enabled the car to move that fast?

3 HTTP://WWW.PCS.K12.MI.US/JSADOWSKI/7TH%20GRADE%20LAWS%20OF%20MOTION.PDF
ISAAC NEWTON
ENGLISH PHYSICIST AND MATHEMATICIAN SIR ISAAC NEWTON, MOST FAMOUS FOR
HIS LAW OF GRAVITATION, WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION OF
THE 17TH CENTURY.

Born on January 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England, Isaac Newton was an established

physicist and mathematician, and is credited as one of the great minds of the 17th
century Scientific Revolution.4

4 HTTP://WWW.BIOGRAPHY.COM/PEOPLE/ISAAC-NEWTON-9422656#SYNOPSIS