Lecture 3a

Eye Diagram

EENG 770 Digital Communications

The Eye Mask
Eye Diagram
The eye diagram is created by taking the time domain signal
and overlapping the traces for a certain number of symbols.
The open part of the signal represents the time that we can
safely sample the signal with fidelity
 Vertical and Horizontal Eye Openings
The vertical eye opening or noise margin
is related to the SNR, and thus the BER
A large
l eye opening
i corresponds d tto a
low BER
The horizontal eye opening relates the
jijitter andd the
h sensitivity
i i i off the
h sampling
li
instant to jitter
The red brace indicates the range of
samplel iinstants
t t with ith goodd eye opening
i
At other sample instants, the eye
opening is greatly reduced, as governed
b the indicated slope
by
Interpretation of Eye Diagram
Jitter in Circuit design
 Raised Cosine Eye Diagram
The larger , the wider the
p g
opening.
The larger , the larger
bandwidth (1+ )/Tb
But smaller will lead to larger
errors if not sampled at the best
sampling time which occurs at
the center of the eye.
Eye Diagram
Eye diagram is a means of evaluating the quality of a received
digital waveform
digital waveform
By quality is meant the ability to correctly recover symbols and
timing
The received signal could be examined at the input to a digital
receiver or at some stage within the receiver before the decision
stage
Eye diagrams reveal the impact of ISI and noise
Two major issues are 1) sample value variation, and 2) jitter
and sensitivity of sampling instant
Eye diagram reveals issues of both
Eye
y diagram
g can also give
g an estimate of achievable BER
Check eye diagrams at the end of class for participation
Figure 4.34 (a) Eye diagram for noiseless quaternary system. (b) Eye diagram for quaternary system
with SNR 20 dB. (c) Eye diagram for quaternary system with SNR 10 dB.
Figure 4.35 (a) Eye diagram for noiseless band-limited quaternary system:
cutoff
ff frequency
f f 0.975
fo 0 975 HHz. (b) Eye
E diagram
di for
f noiseless
i l band-limited
b d li i d
quaternary system: cutoff frequency fo 0.5 Hz.