Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1

OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 2

LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 3

METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 4

ABOUT FIVDB ......................................................................................................................... 5

VILLAGE REVIEW .................................................................................................................. 5

Location of the Village: ......................................................................................................... 6

A brief description of the village: .......................................................................................... 6

Village map ............................................................................................................................ 7

Odhomer Chura ( ) ............................................................................................. 8

School/College ....................................................................................................................... 8

House type ............................................................................................................................. 9

Shops ...................................................................................................................................... 9

Religion .................................................................................................................................. 9

Mosque/ Temple .................................................................................................................. 10

Sources of water ................................................................................................................... 10

Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 10

Cultivation............................................................................................................................ 10

Trees ..................................................................................................................................... 11

Health care centers ............................................................................................................... 11

Environmental pollution ...................................................................................................... 11

Haat and Bazaar ................................................................................................................... 12

Communication and Transport ............................................................................................ 12

Birds ..................................................................................................................................... 12

Animals ................................................................................................................................ 12
 NGO Activities .................................................................................................................... 12

Environment ............................................................................................................................. 13

Trees and Vegetation ........................................................................................................... 14

Wildlife: ............................................................................................................................... 14

Birds: .................................................................................................................................... 14

Domestic animal: ................................................................................................................. 14

Environment hazard ................................................................................................................. 15

Health information ................................................................................................................... 15

Health Condition of KHUSIR GUL: ................................................................................... 16

Sources of water for domestic use: ...................................................................................... 16

Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 17

Sewerage System ................................................................................................................. 17

Vaccination .......................................................................................................................... 18

Family Planning ................................................................................................................... 19

Cooking Place ...................................................................................................................... 19

NEGATIVE CHANGES IN KHUSHIR GUL ........................................................................ 20

Positive changes in khushir gul................................................................................................ 20

Social Change .......................................................................................................................... 20

Social change before liberation war ..................................................................................... 21

Social changes after liberation war ...................................................................................... 21

Rural Market Analysis ............................................................................................................. 22

Objective: ............................................................................................................................. 24

The concept of Market, Bazaar and Haat: ........................................................................... 24

Market: ............................................................................................................................. 24

Bazaar: ................................................................................................................................. 25

Haat: ..................................................................................................................................... 25

Differences between Haat & Bazaar: ................................................................................... 26

 HAAT .............................................................................................................................. 27

Bazaar and Haat that we found in the village: ..................................................................... 28

Price Comparison ................................................................................................................. 28

Fake Products ....................................................................................................................... 30

National 670 Laundry ...................................................................................................... 31

Heeli Soap Piya white plus...................................................................................... 31

Available Services: .............................................................................................................. 32

Labor: ............................................................................................................................... 32

Mens Barbers Shop ...................................................................................................... 32

Transportation (Van/truck): ............................................................................................. 32

Video Renting .................................................................................................................. 32

Tea Stalls .......................................................................................................................... 32

Tailor ................................................................................................................................ 32

Doctors Chamber ............................................................................................................ 32

Electronics Repair Center ................................................................................................ 32

Irrigation Service ............................................................................................................. 32

Cobbler............................................................................................................................. 32

Cycle and rickshaw repair center ..................................................................................... 32

Inward and outward products in Chiknagul Haat: ............................................................... 33

Inward products: .............................................................................................................. 33

Outward products: ............................................................................................................ 34

Distribution channel available in Chiknagul Haat: .............................................................. 34

Value-Chain Analysis: ......................................................................................................... 35

Value-Chain Analysis of Cucumber ................................................................................ 35

Traders Case Study ................................................................................................................ 35

CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 37
 INTRODUCTION

Live field experience (LFE) is a mandatory course for all students of Independent University,
Bangladesh. Students have to go to a specific rural area to experience the life style of rural
people. Our group was taken to Sylhet, for doing LFE; we were given specific villages to
understand the people of that area. The area which we were given is in village named Khushir
Gul village.

When we first thought about going to the village and talking to the people there we thought the
people would be unfriendly also they would not co-operate with us. Afterwards our thoughts
were changed, they were very social, informative and of course friendly. It helped us to know
the people, their culture and lifestyle very easily.

We know that about 74% of the population in Bangladesh is in the rural area it is very important
as student to know and understand how the rural economy works and get the idea about village
people, their life style, culture, believes, habits, feelings, attitude. And for those information
we should go close to them and visit the villages and it is also very impotent for our new
generation who has no idea about villages and village people.

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 OBJECTIVES

LIVE-IN-FIELD experience is not only an academic course but also a platform to discover the
root of ourselves. It can also be said as Change in life experience. Until we experienced it we
could not realize the true importance of this courses objective. It is hard to limit its objective
in words; the objective of this course is and will be used throughout our entire life. It made us
understand who we are? What is our root? It introduced us with ourselves. Staying in city
places and living a robotic life we almost forgot the reality of our belongingness to this country
and to the country people. LFE has opened our eyes to observe the real picture.

The research focuses on finding out enough information on the following objectives:

The social changes in the village and the reasons for the changes and a comparison
between the past and the present.
Farm and non-farm economy.
Infrastructure, economic change & development.
Analyzing the microcredit functions.
Income distribution among the villagers.
Health and environment awareness of the people.
The rural market structure

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 LIMITATIONS

A certain precinct within which friars were allowed to beg or exercise their functions also the
time during which they were permitted to exercise their functions in such a district. This is
quite normal to face and handle some limitations during the program. But the art is how nicely
limitations are handled appropriately.

In the first day at village the villagers were confused about our motive and felt
inconvenient to talk to us. We felt lack of Communication.
The respondents were not sometimes comfortable to answer the questions as they felt
unsafe to talk about the topic.
As we surveyed the respective village during the working hours of the day, most of the
male were out of their houses. As a result, the quantity of female respondents is higher
which may reflect in getting biased answers regarding some questions.
There was a shortage of informative sources as most of the respondents were confused.
We did Mobile LFE, which was a pilot project; it was an internet based data entry
System. We found some network harassment in some of the places of Khushir Gul and
the houses of the villagers, so we had to give entry of our data, from that place, where
the network was clear.
Since we were surveying in quite a new place, it was initially a bit tough for us to
identify the location of houses of the inhabitants were going to take interview of.
Though after first day, it became easier for us, besides, villagers helped us also.

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 METHODOLOGY

Methodology implies more than simply the methods we intend to use to collect data. It is
often necessary to include a consideration of the concepts and theories which underlie the
methods. Unlike an algorithm, a methodology is not a formula but a set of practices.

As this study required the participation of human respondents, specifically human resource
professionals, certain ethical issues were addressed. The consideration of these ethical issues
was necessary for the purpose of ensuring the privacy as well as the safety of the participants.
Among the significant ethical issues that were considered in the research process include
consent and confidentiality. In order to secure the consent of the selected participants, the
researcher relayed all important details of the study, including its aim and purpose. By
explaining these important details, the respondents were able to understand the importance of
their role in the completion of the research.

Each group contained two members who were given ten Questionnaire Surveys to be filling
using mobile and we completed our questionnaire survey of 8 different families.

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 ABOUT FIVDB

Friends in Village Development Bangladesh (FIVDB) was established in 1981 and has been
implementing development programs for disadvantaged communities in Bangladesh since
then.

The mission of the organization is to provide disadvantaged groups and people with a voice,
reduce their vulnerability, make them aware of their citizenship rights, and help them to create
better lives for themselves.

Their activities include, among others, grassroots services, community mobilization and
advocacy.

VILLAGE REVIEW

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Location of the Village:

At first we went to FIVDB, Sylhet Sadar upozilla where we were assorted to different villages.
Our village is Khushir Gul, which is situated around 9 kilometers on the right side of FIVDB.

A brief description of the village:

Khushir Gul is a village near Sadar upozilla It takes 30 minutes by leguna. It is a very big
village consisting of around 5-7 paras.

My para was paschim pirer chok & tikor para, which is in Khadim Nagar union.

VILLAGE PROFILE

Village Name Khushir Gul

District Sylhet
Union Khadim Nagar
Thana Sadar
Population 4500
Family Type Nuclear and Polygamy
Religion Islam (80%) & Hindu
School One govt. primary school & four BRAC
school. Two private primary school and one
maddrasa also.

Mosque & Temple Five Mosque & Two temple

Electricity Available
Healthcare Center One Private Health care center

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Village map

1.School 2.Mosque 3.Temple 4.Graveyard 5.Tea garden 6.Cant. Colony 7.Cascade 8.Union

9.Private health care & school 10. Bridge

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Odhomer Chura ( )

One of the highest hill of the village called odhomer Chura Its a very beautiful place I ever
seen. People says its 90 feet from ground but I think its much higher than that. When I reached
the top of the hill I saw about full village from there. There is a story behind that name
Odhomer Chura. Senior resident people said in 1971 there was a man name Odhom Pattro
, he was the owner of the total area of Kushir Gul. At the time of our liberation war he ran away
with his family to India. After that people remember his name by the Odhomer chura

School/College

There are 6 schools at Kushirgul village. Four of them are made by BRAC and one is FIVDB
School and one is Basic school. These schools are contributing towards social development of
Kushirgul Village by providing children proper education. Basic school is different from others
as is not a traditional school because it gives education to old aged people But FIVDB School
is different as it has many students and conduct as a primary school.

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House type

Kushirgul is not much solvent village. People here live a hard life to earn their livelihood. 2/3
of the houses in Kushirgul were semi bricked like tin roofed and brick walled. Rich and middle
class people were afforded to live in semi bricked house. The lower middle class people that
are 30% of total population lived in tin shed houses. 35% poor people lived in mud house. The
extreme poor class people lived in hut.

Shops
There were 3 shops in Kushirgul. The shops are contained with necessary products like paddy,
dal, oil, sugar, spices that People are needed to lead their daily life. They went to nearby pirer
bazaar to buy fish, meat, medicines.

Religion

Both Muslim and Hindu live in Kushirgul. Muslims are majority here. They are known as
PARTRO. 80% people in village were Muslims. There were no other people belonging to other
religion.

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Mosque/ Temple

There was four Mosque in Kushirgul. There is two temple in village. People go to mosques at
near by paras especially pirer chok to say their prayers.

Sources of water

People of Kushirgul village are largely dependent on the tube wells for their everyday needs.
Tube well is primarily essential for drinking and cooking. For other purposes like washing
dishes, cloths, bath the villagers used chora.

Sanitation

People of Kushirgul are not aware of hygienic sanitation and 80% villagers have ring slab
sanitation system.

Cultivation

The Kushirgul village is a hilly place the soil is clay or loam or mixture of both. This kind of
soil is not suitable for cultivation. So now a day there is minimum number of farmer are there

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in village. People of Kushirgul mainly cultivate paddy like Aush. Irri and vegetable like Been
and Chilly plant etc.

Trees

We got to see less of vegetation Kushirgul. As we have mentioned that the soil type is not
suitable for plantation. It is strange that there is no mango, jackfruit tress. By visiting village
we have found two banana trees, gouache tree, coconut tree and rubber tree.. Mainly the major
open space is covered by bamboo bush. There are some trees like Udual, Kusha

Health care centers

There was no established Health care center at Kushirgul. A local Health care center is situated
inside the village where a village doctor sees patient known as POLLI CHIKITSOK. Villagers
get their necessary medication. For any major diseases the villagers go to Sadar medical or
pharmacy at pirere bazaar according to their capacity. There is hardly any NGO facility like
Brac, FIVDB for health purposes. But there is a local health officer (Shastho Kormi) who
help the villagers specially women such as make them aware of proper food during pregnancy,
proper medication. She has no formal training but has done some short courses. People in the
village mostly women and children goes to her.

Environmental pollution

There was no major source of environmental pollution in Kushirgul and the impact of that
pollution to the general environment was little. The only source of pollution we could was the
burning of leaves, butan in kitchens that were the only source of fuel. Except this villagers
dump the wastage here and there that crate pollution.

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Haat and Bazaar

There is a no bazaar inside the village but there is bazaar which held every day at Pirer chok
and a hut is held weekly on Wednesday.

Communication and Transport

As Kushirgul is hilly place inside the village it is hard to get any transportation. We did not
find motorcycle or bicycle inside the village. But now situation is getting better. If someone
afford they can now have transport. But the vehicle cannot enter inside the village; the villagers
have to walk through and pass the hilly path and afterwards can get in the vehicle. We also
walked through long path to enter the village as the laguna could not go inside the village. So
the village is quite inaccessible.

Birds

Birds include mostly domestic birds like chicken, ducks, cocks, hens.

Animals

The people of Kushirgul rear cows and goats.

NGO Activities

NGOs like FIVDB, Grameen Bank and BRAC have their activities in this village. Local
samitys were not present. There was a fixed office of Grameen bank where a Grameen officer
comes every Wednesday and conduct microcredit program. But it is unfortunate that no NGOs
strongly conduct their health related facilities inside the village.

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 Environment

Environment can be defined as the circumstances or condition that surrounds an organism or

group of organism. The word Environment was originated from the French word
environner which means to encircle or surround. Environments are of different types such as
educational, social, economic, political, cultural etc. it is the systematic study of our
environment and our proper place in environment.

The term environment implies a life support system and includes those items like water, air,
food etc, which are absolutely essential for the sustenance of the life forms on this planet. One
group of scientists believes that all other items, which may be conceived as constituting the
environment, are complementary to the above life support system. We all know why it is
important to preserve the integrity of our planet. Without clean water and air, fertile soil and a
richness of all kinds of life (plant and animal) the Earth as we know it will stop thriving and
producing. If we are to encourage strong economies and greater health and social welfare, we
must recognize the environment as essential to our long-term existence.

Environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources are often observed in Bangladesh
due to poverty, over-population and lack of awareness on the subject. It is manifested by
deforestation, destruction of wetlands, depletion of soil nutrients, etc. Natural calamities like
floods, cyclones and tidal-bores also result in severe socio-economic and environmental
damage. Now a day, the Cidr affected our countrys environments a lot.

We the people are the main culprit of destroying the environment. In recent years, the
government has taken some important steps towards protection of the environment.

For ensuring environment sustainability, 192 countries included Bangladesh, has taken steps
but 20% hasnt yet achieved. After the liberation war, the situation of KUSHIR GUL has
changed a lot including environment, which cannot be overlooked.

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Trees and Vegetation

In pre-independence period population of the village was only one-third of its present
population. As a result there was sufficient amount of land at that time. But as the population
started too increased since post-independence period, people cut down the forest for their
accommodation. From the very beginning the village Kushirgul was covered with trees.
According to the elderly respondents we have found that, the village was covered by the trees
and many types of plants at near about 60% of the total land area of the village. According to
the elderly respondents, who had a bit clear idea about the earliest stage of Kushirgul,
mentioned that, Kushirgul was initially covered by huge trees. The numbers or the amount of
trees and vegetation has decreased drastically as the respondents comment. The cause of this
is fairly easy to identify. It is the rise in population that has given rise to this rise in the cutting
down of trees. Because as population increases, we know that the need for housing increases,
and in order to make these houses the villagers need to cut down trees and vegetation to create
barren land and use the timber for building houses. As population increases infrastructural
development also occurs for communication purposes, this also induces the cutting down of
trees and vegetation. Mango Coconut, Papaya, plum trees are around everywhere and some
other trees like khudimankuni and bonjamra, they believed those trees can heal some of
their diseases.

Wildlife:

Species like foxes, wild dogs, iguana, different kinds of snakes; wild cats etc. Village people
mentioned two types of snakes named alouth and darais.

Birds:
In our village there are different types of birds we seen. They are Mavis, Shalik, Dove, etc.

Domestic animal:
Some domestic animals like cows, goats, poultry birds etc. were very common at that time.

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 Environment hazard

It rains there a lot.

Kalboishakhi is also common as well.
During earthquake they do not used to move rather than staying one place but a few
people look for a safe place.
Air pollution: The emission of smoke from the burning of twigs and leaves, straws and
cow dungs creates hazy and gloomy environment.

Health information

Health is doubtless one of the most important portion. The main force of the health program
has been the stipulation of primary health care services that has been accepted as a key approach
to accomplish Health for all by the year 2000. However during the last few decades, it
becomes clear that the right of the health care is far from the absolute. Inadequate funding,
inefficiency and corruption are the main problems in our health sector.

Also in 1997, Millennium development goal (MDG) has taken three goals to develop health
condition among the people and the goals are

Reduce the child mortality

Improve maternal health

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

In the last few years Bangladesh has made great pace in the area of health care and family
planning services captivating the challenge of act in response to wishes of couples to shrink
their fertility, on one hand and on the other, improving, in particular, primary health care
services through Government and NGO partnership. Bangladesh have also earned an immense

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achievement in Extended Program on Immunization (EPI) in the last decade by successful
campaign of both GO and NGO. And some of these steps have touched the village KUSHIR
GUL.

Health Condition of KHUSIR GUL:

Previously the people had no health consciousness. They were not aware of the health care
system, vaccinations, diseases or their precautions. But government has taken necessary steps
to make the people more aware and to save the people from various diseases by giving free
health services. For these now the overall health condition of KUSHIR GUL is satisfactory.

Sources of water for domestic use:

Water is essential for our life. Without it no one can survive. But for the survival in real sense,
we need to drink clean water, not only that we also need to use clean and contaminated free
water for our everyday purpose such as bathing, washing, cooking etc. Otherwise any one can
suffer from water born diseases.

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The people of KUSHIR GUL village are more conscious about pure water. There are many
tube wells in the village. Tube wells, fountain, ponds are used for different purpose.

Sanitation

Suitable sanitation is a major matter for villagers. In the early years, the sanitation was not good
at KUSHIR GUL village. But over the time the sanitation facilities has been greater than before.
To know about the health and environmental condition of the village, we surveyed the toilet
facilities.

Picture: Sanitation facilities of Kushirgul village

Sewerage System
When we study over the areas we find that the sewerage system is not proper. They use ring
slab but the disposal are not properly placed. We find that the toilet disposals flow to the nearby
fountain, which may cause water pollution. Not only that this fountain is used for bathing their
domestic animals the children may play there. There are bamboos which are used as pipe but

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the bamboos are licked and the odor pollution occurs due to bad smell. The toilet which are
used before but now it are not use now for some reasons then the toilet should be sealed but
here we find that it is still open which may create various danger event and creates different
virus and bacteria, which is harmful for all.

Vaccination
People of KUSHIR GUL village are very much aware of the vaccination program by the World
Health Organization (WHO). Some of the programs of WHO ensure that all children receive a
BCG vaccination against eight childhood diseases; polio, Diphtheria, Whooping cough,
Measles, Tetanus, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and Rudella.

Name of vaccines:

BCG- against for Tuberculosis.

DPT- against for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus.

IPV- against for polio.

MEASELS- against for rubella and mumps.

HAAM- Oppose haam.

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Family Planning
Increasing number of population is a problem around the world, especially in the third world
countries. From a long time Bangladesh Government try to encourage the people to reduce
their family size and involved in family planning process.

Our studied village faced also facing population growth in the last few decades. Various factors
have contributed in this rising of population. Like peoples lack of knowledge on family
planning and more people were not educated and migration of people from other villages.

Now a days, in KUHSIR GUL, peoples perception about family planning has been changed
significantly. The ratio of adopting family planning is increasing and a large number of families
including the newly married families are interested in family planning. Presently NGOs and
Government have taken proper steps in this region. So currently the growth rate of population
is at a stable stage.

Cooking Place

Cooking place is one of the most important parts which create pollution. The condition of this
important place of the village is much different than the urban condition. In our survey we have
seen that in KHUSIR GUL village, most of the families have their cooking places situated
separately from the main houses and few cook outside in open air. Some are even sharing the
kitchen (joint families). So, it is sometimes very common for them to throw the garbage in the
open place. Here the table shows the position of cooking places of this village:

Table & Chart: Cooking place

Cooking place No. %

In the kitchen 22 88%

Inside the living room - -

Outside 3 10%

Others - -

Total 25 100

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 NEGATIVE CHANGES IN KHUSHIR GUL

Most of the family dont have any idea about family planning. They dont have any cultivation
land because most of them sell their land to non-residents. Another reason is the land is not
fertile. Girls of Hindu families still are the victims of early marriage. Although they dont
believe in dowry but they give dowry as a gift in the marriage. As a dowry the most common
gift is furniture. The people are cutting trees and plants to build their houses thus Deforestation
occurs.

Positive changes in khushir gul

The parents of the khushir gul are now very conscious about their children's education. Most
of the village people are getting employed day by day. They use pure and clean water for their
regular household works. The source of the clean water is tube well which are tested arsenic
free. We observed that in recent 3 years the village was developed with electricity. Now the
village have upgraded with metal led road and technology for example every household has
their own cell phone and they have access to many social networks.

Social Change

Social change process and historical profiles are used as a simple means of visualizing key
historical events and major perceived changes. This experience is done to take information
about past events in the related fields. These historical events and the associated experiences
often have a major impact on the cultural decisions that indigenous groups make. Local social
change and historical profiles should always be completed prior to discussion of possible
programs and activities. Social change is a vast phenomenon to describe. It involves the
changes that have been occurring over the years. As the responses of social changes are
interlinked, a change in one part of society often results in changes in other part of the society
as well. Though this change takes place very slowly, the cause of change is more or less
interrelated. If we vigilantly observe the changes, we find that the changes have been very
quick in recent years. Social change process identifies the chronological change of the local

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environment, economy and social dimension of a place for a certain period of time. For the
timeline analysis elderly people are usually chosen by the researchers because of their complete
knowledge of the happenings of the village. Timelines were used as means of visualizing the
major events that have occurred in the Village over time. It provides a concrete of all the
historical profile. It helped a lot to understand the complete situation of Kushirgul village.

Social change before liberation war

Before the liberation war the most of the families were hindu. Literacy rate was poor and people
were not wealthy at all. There were not any educational institute. Early marriage and dowry
were very common that time. There was no good facilities for transportation and
communication.

Social changes after liberation war

After liberation war villagers became concerned about their lifestyle. There were not significant
changes during Mujib era ,Jia era but Ershad era some revolutionary changes took place and
also during Sheikh Hasina era. It was a revolutionary change in their social life. Social changes
are

Marriage-Most of the family are nuclear & polygamy but still monogamy family exists.

Education-No of NGO increased like Brac School and guardians became concerned not only
for the boys education but also girls. So the literacy rate is increasing.

Communication and technology-Many of the roads are clean and many bridges are
developed. Some households have television and cellphone for communication.

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Women empowerment-Women nowadays not only do household work but also work outside
and contribute to their family. They work at BRAC School, private NGO and make handcrafts
materials.

Crime-After liberation war the crime has dramatically decreased due to the increase of
congestion of that area and also awareness.

Agriculture-There are few lands for cultivation because those land are not fertile enough and
most of the people cultivate vegetables and use them to provide food to their family.

Religion type- After liberation war, most of the Hindu's families are migrated .So in that area
the number of Muslims families increased

Rural Market Analysis

Development of a country depends on the overall trade able condition of the country or on the
assets they can earn. As not only the Government also the people has to survive by may be
their products or service. Trading enhances peoples life, through improvement of their
economic conditions. In the arouse of globalization, these days people are becoming more and
more concerned about trading or doing business with others. As a developing country
Bangladesh is also involved in these business of trading now a days with facilities provided by
giving Quota, tax exemption etc. The more vibrant is the trading in an economy, the healthier
it is. Market is the basic field, which facilitates the event of trading. So in order to have a good
understanding of development of any economy, an overall understanding of the dynamics of
its market is foreseeable.

A market is the set of actual and potential buyers of a product or service. These buyers share a
particular need or want that can be satisfied through exchange. If an individual in a market

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seeks a response from another party, then the other party is known to be a prospect, and the
first party is the marketer.

Being an agricultural country Bangladesh is dependent largely on the rural areas production,
transaction. Rural market, being a place of exchange of the largest section of the population
and a channel for bringing food grains, vegetables and other agricultural products to the cities,
is inextricably mixed up with the life style, economy and development of both the rural and
urban citizens.

We analyzed a rural market of Bangladesh, through studying the market associated with the
inhabitants of the village named KUSHIR GUL. Diligent efforts have been made to find out
the problems and potentials of village farmers, entrepreneur and other indigenous industry. To
get a detailed idea of the rural markets connected with KUSHIR GUL, named CHIKNA GUL
Haat and Bazaar. We were taken to Bazaar, which sits every day and CHIKNA GUL, which
takes place twice in a week that is on Sundays and Thursday.

It has been found that the effects of globalization are no longer a dumb concept here. The rural
people are much informed today and they can adopt new business opportunities and
consumption possibilities more quickly than ever before. Communication is now a lot easier.
And this influenced the development of village.

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Objective:
o To have an idea about the rural market structure.
o To know the different types of products and services available in the haat and
bazaar.
o To know the Distribution channels used by the marketers in the village.
o To have an idea about Price structure
o To have an idea about Promotional activities (if any)
o To identify the barriers of the market those are working.
o The opportunities the marketer find in the village market.

The concept of Market, Bazaar and Haat:

Market:
The word market originally meant the place where the exchange between the seller and buyer
took place. The term has taken on several additional meanings. Today we speak of a market as
either a region where goods are sold and bought or a particular type of buyer.

According to researchers point of view, Market is a place where buyers and sellers come to
buy their necessary products and sell their product. The set of all actual and potential buyers of
product or service called Market. Consumer Market consists of people who buy products and
services for their own personal use or for the use of others in the household. These buyers share
a particular need or want that can be satisfied through exchanges and relationships. Both of
them may be act as a middleman or distribution channel member between primary producers
and final consumers.

From our observation we find that Village Market is a place where mainly the Bepari(Agro-
businessman) and farmers brings their produced crops, domestic animals and many other
product and buy according to their needs and demands of other products and the industrial
products.

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Rural market consists of

Bazaar

Haat

Rural
Market

Chart 1: Component of Rural market

Bazaar:
The market place, which sit every day for one or more than one villages. Most of the cases it
is commonly seen that both the buyers and sellers live in one village or nearest village. Actually
daily necessary and cheap items are sold here. Because of the retail sellers, the price is slightly
higher.

Haat:
There is no definition about HAAT in the textbook because it named by local people of the
village. Haat is a different type of market which is bigger in size and took place in a particular
location in a particular time. The time of the Haat might be once or twice within a week or even
in a month. In the village KUSHIR GUL the nearest haat is chiknagul haat.

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Differences between Haat & Bazaar:

Particulars Bazaar Haat

Form of Market It is a permanent phenomenon It is temporary phenomenon

and takes place during every and takes place only two
days of the week. particular days of a week.

Frequency Everyday 2/3 days in a week

Timing For whole day For specific period of time such

as 3:00 PM to 8:00 PM.

Products & Fewer amounts of products and Higher amount of products and
Services services. services.

Kinds of product Wide Variety of product Less Variety of product

No. of Buyers & Less number of buyers and Higher number of buyers and
Sellers sellers. sellers.

Shop Category Permanent Temporary

Accessibility Open for limited class of people Open for all class of people

Dominant power Sellers enjoy more than buyers buyers enjoy more than Sellers

Prices Relatively higher price. Relatively lower price.

Amount of trading Lower than haat Higher than bazaar

Location Usually most of the buyers and Sellers and buyers from
sellers from same village. different villages and districts.

Wholesalers/ Number of retailers is more Number of wholesalers is more

Retailers here. here.

Consumers type End users Wholesaler & End users

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HAAT

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Bazaar and Haat that we found in the village:
In the village KUSHIR GUL, we found no market within its boundary of the village, no Haat
takes place in the village too. The villagers have to go to the different markets near the village
for different kinds of products. Some markets are located near the village; some are far away
from it. But the villagers dont face any problem for having no market in the village. Rather,
they think that there should be some particular places for particular product where those
products would be available and convenient. They believe that, in this case, place plays a vital
role, distance doesnt matter.

Price Comparison

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 Price in Chiknagul haat(tk) Price in DHAKA(tk )
Products

350 (per kg) Hen 400 (per kg)

600(per kg) Goat 700(per kg)

420/kg Cow 480 (per kg)

200/kg Katol fish 200/kg

200/piece Boal fish 250/piece

200/kg Taki fish 350/kg

10/kg Potato 40/kg

40/piece (L) Cauliflower 35/piece (s)

30/bira (80 piece) Betel leaf 45/bira (80 piece)

2/piece Betel nuts 3.5/piece

8/quarter Banana 20/quarter

25/kg Bean 50/kg

25/kg Cucumber 30/kg

12/quarter Lemon 20/quarter

35/kg Miniket 47/kg

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Fake Products
Chips ( munchos potato chips)

Detergent (grammeen detergent)

Turmeric fairness cream.

Fair and lovely (For and lovely)

Veet (neet )

Tang (teng )

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National 670 Laundry Piya soap

Heeli Soap Piya white plus

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Available Services:
Labor: There are some people in the Hat who are involved in physical work. They load
and unload goods. The demand a small amount for that such as they demand 200 tk. For
uploading and placing of 100 pcs of cauliflowers.

Mens Barbers Shop - This is a very basic setting where the male villagers get their haircut
and shave. The shop has the capacity of serving four customers at a time.

Transportation (Van/truck): Van and trucks are used for carrying goods from one place to
another within village.

Video Renting Here the few villagers who own VCRs and VCD players, they rent hindi
and bangla movie as entertainment

Tea Stalls There are a couple of tea stalls, where one can take a cup of tea.

Tailor The tailors stitch all kinds of womens clothes (shalwar kameez, dress, blouse etc)
and men wear (trouser, shirt, etc).

Doctors Chamber This is where the villagers get basic medical services. The doctors
qualification is usually M.B.B.S only.

Electronics Repair Center electronic goods such as TV, VCR etc are repaired.

Irrigation Service- They give the irrigation machine for rent. The rent is Tk 100 tk. /hour in
one Season.

Cobbler - In the haat and bazaar there were few cobblers. Villagers came with their shoes and
repair from the cobblers.

Cycle and rickshaw repair center -There was a place for repairing cycle and rickshaw.
Usually the rickshaw pullers come to this place to repair their vehicle.

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Inward and outward products in Chiknagul Haat:

In every haat or bazaar, there is inflow and outflow of products from the other parts of the
country and from the market itself respectively. Same thing occurs in the case of Chiknagul
haat. The products that come to the market and goes out of the market are known as inward
and outward products respectively.

The inward products like onion, paddy, tomato, fruits, cabbage, carrot, soft drink, cosmetics,
salt, milk, flour, oil, biscuit, bread, soap etc. comes from other district of the country such
Sylhet main town, Moulovibazar, comilla, Srimangal, Jaflong, Factories (Unilever, Square,
Coca-cola etc) etc. But the industrial raw materials like fertilizer, seeds, and pesticides usually
come from Dhaka and other district of Bangladesh. The syndicate of the local dealers controls
this business and by creating artificial scarcity of fertilizers, pesticides and seeds they charge
higher price.

Though, there are lots of products, which come in Chiknagul haat, but some product goes
outside also. The outward products are Lemon, Tea, Orange, Jackfruit, Cucumber, Shatkora,
Cassia leaf etc. Surrounding villages supply the products to the haat and these products go to
Dhaka, moulovibazar, Sylhet main town as well as in other places.

In following, by the chart, the inflow and outflow of the products in the Chinagul haat has been
shown:

Inward products:

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Outward products:

Distribution channel available in Chiknagul Haat:

In The Chiknagul Haat the agricultural products like the paddy, corn and vegetables have three
different distribution channel. Whereas the industrial crops like lemon, tea has 2 layers of
distribution channel. Usually the industrial crops are distributed from the farmer through the
local trader to the mill owners. Or the farmer can sell the crops directly to the mill owners.
Here below, we have shown some distribution channel using for different product in the
Chiknagul haat:

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Value-Chain Analysis:
Value chain refers that primary and all supportive activities are combined in providing goods
and services towards the value-creating activities which will catch the consumer perception
and thus support the firms activity towards the product. The value chain explains the flow of
materials from raw materials through finished goods to disposal or recycling along with
associated flows of value

1. Cost incurred,

2. Value created &

3. Value recovered as well as the decision-making processes at each level of the value
chain.

Through the value chain process value is added at each activity starting from the acquisition of
inputs to the distribution to the end-user. Both monetary and quality values are added through
the value chain process.

The activities of Value chain process consists of two parts. One is supporting activities and
another one is primary activities. Supporting activities leads to accomplish the primary
activities of the value chain. The primary activities also divided by four parts that are input,
production process, processing activities and distribution.

Value-Chain Analysis of Cucumber

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 Traders Case Study

Name: Md. Kashem Uddin Ruman

Age: 45

Owner of Ruman Poultry Farm

In 1997 Mr. Ruman was only a employee of poultry firm. He studied only till class seven.
However, his keen foresight has brought him in his current position. From the experience
gathered during his job, he started his poultry business more specifically broiler poultry
business and he is now earning on an average BDT 2 lac in a year, whereas he used to earn
BDT 2,000 per month from his previous job. His integrity as well as patience justifies his
courageous decision of starting his business. Mr. Ruman is now completely happy in his family
life consist 8 members. In the backyard of his house (18 decimal), he took loan and established
his poultry farm (1.5 decimal).

In his poultry farm he can keep 500 one day born chicken at a time, but the number reduces as
time goes. On an average, 25 chickens die due to cold and diarrhea. After 35 days he sells the
batch to the market. He has a shop in bazaar. Within 35 days each chicken becomes
approximately 2 kg.

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 CONCLUSION

In the above sections we have presented our findings and analyses regarding the different
aspects of Kushirgul village. We were assigned to reveal and discover the present situation of
the rural people, their socio-economic activities, relationship between man and woman,
between man and state, their market structure, their socio-economic stratification, and to
understand the impact of the development activities of the Government and Non-Government
Organizations in their rural life. We have come to the conclusion that Kushirgul has a long way
to go until it can be called as a developed or a developing village.

The economy of the village is rather stagnant, with little transaction and hence velocity of
money. They have an Oligopolistic market structure with a little role of the market mechanism
in determining the price for a product. The farmers follow the going rate that is prevalent in the
market. But sometimes, the sellers tend for voluntary prices of variable products. The economic
growth is increasing at a slow rate, among its four classes of people. However, their increased
consciousness about educating their children will create an educated and efficient human
capital for the village and thus will create an upward mobility within the social strata and their
standard of living in the long run.

Villagers are very helpful and friendly as well. Village people are usually truthful, simple and
very much fond of conversing with people. So with all good things and few problems must
acknowledge that Kushirgul is a wonderful place that has developed within very short period.
They are economically self-dependent. And most importantly according to many villagers the
social changes have brought happiness and prosperity in their life.

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