20161nternationa1 Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)
A I3-Level Inverter with D-STATCOM
Capability for Distributed Energy Systems
Aniket R. Patane, H.T.Jadhav and Pradnya F. Maske
1,
2,3Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology
Maharashtra, India-415414
Email id- arpatane1992@gmail.com
Abstract- This paper presents a single phase multilevel inverter with
D-STATCOM capability. The proposed inverter is located in between
the source and distributed energy systems which increase the number
of levels in inverter to improve the performance of system. The
designed inverter armed with distributed static
compensator to control the power factor of system and will reduce the
use of extra capacitors and flexible Ac transmission system (FACTS)
devices to control power factor of the distribution systems. There are
various energy sources which use renewable energy like wind energy,
solar energy, biomass etc. This proposed system is used to regulate
active and reactive power at desire level. Concerning good power
quality, minimum total harmonic distortion is one
important requirements from multilevel inverter. This paper presents
the minimum total harmonic distortion in 13-level inverter with D
STATCOM capability and also keeping the constant power factor. The
result gives for all possible solutions and FFT analysis, switching
strategy, computational time has been analysed
simulation environment.
Keywords- Multilevel inverter, D-STATCOM device (Distributed static
synchronous compensator), Modular multilevel converter topology, Wind
energy system, THD (Total harmonic distortion)
I. INTRODUCTION
The lack of energy is a big problem now days and to face those
problems customers have to produce there required energy by using
different renewable energy sources. There are some renewable
energy sources are available such as wind energy, photovoltaic
energy, hydrogen fuel cell, tidal energy and geothermal energy. This
resource helps to economic condition and less human power but to
produce new energy source related fossil fuels require large amount
of resources. The power electronics devices are used in distribution
systems. The power electronics devices are used for the conversion
of renewable or non-conventional form of energy into power grids
in the form of voltage and frequency. Power electronics converter
is used to do the work with high efficiency and better power quality.
There are different types of converters. Modular multilevel
converter topology is used for high power reliability; eliminate
harmonics and improving power factor.
In this paper new idea is implemented for single phase renewable
source like wind energy. In this AC transmission system used the
FACTS devices for controlling and PF correction purpose or
protection of our system and to regulate the active and reactive
power.so that to design and implement the wind energy inverter to
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flexible AC transmission system with the help of FACT capability.
The main aim of this system is to eliminate the use of capacitors and
FACT devices to PF correction of distribution energy system. The
designed inverter is placed in between the wind turbine and the grid
synchronous
same as regular wind energy inverter to regulate the active and
reactive power of wind to grid by using this new technique. This
desired technique is introduced to increase the use of maximum
renewable energy in to the distribution systems. So this system is
reduce the cost of renewable energy system by using this technique
because not use this extra capacitor and FACT devices to reduce the
of the most cost of system. The main aim of this paper is to supply the active
and reactive power of wind side to the grid side by using this
inverter plus OSTATCOM system and regulate active power by
adjusting the power angle and reactive power by modulation
in MATLAB
index .The general topology is used in this technique is MMC
modular multilevel converter to collect the all information and
record of this THO total harmonic distortion, efficiency and amount
of whole system. The total system work steady and constant PF. The
simulation of this multilevel inverter is simulated using MATLAB
software. The proposed designed inverter with OSTATCOM is
connected with parallel to the system in between the wind turbine
and grid side.
II. PRESENT THEORIES AND PRACTICES
There are several research are done on implementation of multilevel
inverters with FACTS capabilities. Some of these are
The perception of renewable energy in distribution system is
increase. There are a lot of single phase lines in u.S. which power
small farms or remote houses. This information is collecting by
wind or solar industry annual market report year ending 2010-
Il washington, DC, USA in [1], [2]. Consumers have capability to
produce their required energy using small to medium size wind
turbine. The increasing the number of small to medium size wind
turbine which makes several problems for local services like
harmonics and power factor issues. The author S.A.Rahman in [3]
discussed about directory of FACTS applications for grid
integration of wind and solar power systems. The author
A.Beekman in [4] introduced commercial wind energy convertors
with FACTS capabilities but he had not introduced any detailed
information or mathematical base in form regarding the system
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 Aniket R et al: A 13-Levellnverter with D-STATCOM Capability for Distributed Energy Systems
efficiency or the topology used for converters. The author Jose
Rodriguez in [5] presented advantages and disadvantages of
important different modulation methods such as sinusoidal pulse
width modulation (PWM), selective harmonic elimination,
optimized harmonic stepped waveform technique and space vector
modulation also discussed and associate. The author also presented
different topologies like diode clamped inverter; capacitor clamped
and cascaded multilevel with separate dc source.
The author F.Z.peng in [6] discussed about a multilevel voltage
source inverter with separate dc sources for high power application
or static var generation. The external dc source is used for the
FACTS capability. The main reason is that it is simple to obtain a
multilevel inverter, which can help to connect STATCOM directly
to medium voltage grids. The inverter produces almost sinusoidal
waveform voltage with only one time switching. These inverters or
harmonic neutralizing magnetics equipment's are very expensive
and also 40-50% power loss problem has occurred in system. Over
voltage problems, saturation of transformers in transient condition
and failure occurred in system to overcome these difficulties the
author presents a new diode clamped multilevel inverter for SVG
applications. This diode clamped multilevel inverter method
eliminates the transformer in the multilevel inverter.
The author Burhan Gultekin in [7] proposed cascaded
multilevel converter depend on T-STATCOM systems also develop
the II-level CMC block for 154 KV T-STATCOM system to obtain
at point of common coupling by harmonic elimination and optimal
design of active filter but inappropriately choosing this method the
generation leads voltage spikes overlaid on line to neutral and line
to line CMC voltage. The author R.K.Varma in [8], [9] discussed
about photovoltaic solar inverter as STATCOM is to regulate
voltage on three phase power system and improving the transient
stability and power transfer limit. The author said that this proposed
system is PV-STATCOM. Similar to wind farms solar farms
sluggish during nights. So that they are not able to generate active
power.
To overcome above mentioned problems the author pedram
sotoodeh and Ruth miller proposed system having configuration of
11- level inverter with FACTS capability. [t utilizes modular
multilevel converter topology of proposed wind energy inverter for
HVDC applications. This inverter plus D-STATCOM is placed
between wind turbine and grid side to eliminate the use of separate
capacitor banl<- or extra FACTS device to fix the power factor of
distribution side. The complete configuration of this system will use
multiple level inverters depending on the size of power system to
reach desired power factor which regulate active and reactive power.
The exclusive work of this author is to use (MMC) modular
multilevel converter topology for single phase voltage source
inverter. The figure 1 shows that complete grid connected mode of
inverter. And dc link of inverter is connected to the wind turbine
through rectifier and its output is connected to utility grid through
series connected proposed inverter and transformer.
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III. THE MA[N CONF[GURAT[ON OF DES[GN [NVERTER
WITH DSTATCOM CAPABILITY
I I I
Fig. 1. Complete configuration of proposed system
Complete configuration of proposed system consists of inverter
which is placed in between the wind turbine side and the grid side
like distribution side. The proposed system control the active and
reactive power by this technique.in which the active power transfer
to the wind side to ac to convert dc by rectifier and MPPT then dc
power from the dc link to convert ac by inverter plus DSTATCOM
and then this power transfer to active filter to reduces the harmonics
and again transfer to distribution system to fix the PF by using the
FACT device and distribution transformer.
There are various modulation methods to use in distribution
system likes sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), carrier
pulse width modulation (CPWM), total harmonic distortion (THO),
efficiency and cost of total system. Moreover optimised stepped
wave and space vector technique is also used in this system. The
main component of this system is modular multilevel converter
MMC, by adding H-bridge and full-bridge sub modules in which the
cascade SMs is used but hybrid clamped topology is used in
proposed scheme. The main drawback of designed inverter is to
drawn current which has substantial variation. This problem is not
controllable and associated with snubber circuit is suggested by
author.
The main approach of snubber circuit is to control rate of
change of voltage and current by RC network because in switching
time i.e. when switch is on there is sudden change in current and at
the time of switch off the voltage increases. The use of snubber
circuit gives advantage of cost effectiveness so as to overcome the
use of extra capacitors and FACT devices. Hence main design of
wind energy inverter is to employ MMC technique to regulate the
role of HVDC presentation.
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IV.BASIC STRUCTURE OF MODULAR MULTILEVEL

CONVERTER (MMC) INVERTER FOR SINGLE PHASE Where the ' VII' is upper voltage and ' V22' is lower voltage of
SYSTEM used buffer inductor, ' Sui' is upper arm switch, ' Vci' is capacitor
voltage and ' Sli' is the lower arm switch.
For this 13-level inverter design requires the 24 sub module, 24
capacitors, 2 buffer inductor and each SM consists of two power
switch hence total 48 power switches are used in proposed structure.
The voltage equation of MMC is as below

Vdc Vupperarm+ Vlowerarm

=

12 12

Vdc L(SuiVci)+L(SuiVci)+(Vll+V12)
= (3)

Vout Vdc - Vupperarm - Vdc + Vlowerarm (4)

2 2
= -- = --

Simple calculation of DC voltage for proposed inverter at the upper

arm side 12 SMs, lower side 12 SMs and the voltage of both sides is
control by floating capacitors.

Sc -l
c

Fig. 2. Structure of a single-phase MMC inverter.

This is a basic structure of MMC used for control purpose. System

Fig.3.Configuration of each sub-module (SM)
consists of sub modules. SMs is half bridge sub module so that
calculation of n-Ievel is to find 2(n-l) cascaded SMs is used and two
buffer inductors is connected in series. MMC is used in new
technique to supply high voltage DC to AC output so that climbing
the voltage by series connection. Here the two switch is used in each IV. CONTROL STRATEGY
sub module and one floating capacitor to connect in series. These
SMs are connected to load side to convert DC signal into AC. Each The main purpose of this control strategy is to control the
SM is consisting one main switch and another one is auxiliary capacitors voltage of SMs by PI controller and PWM technique.
switch also capacitor is used for storing purpose. The use of two Control scheme comprises the input signal of PWM which is current,
buffer inductors is to control the fault current. The voltage of SM is carrier signal used to connect the descending order sort by capacitor
equal to capacitor voltage or zero contingents which is the switching voltages. PI controller is used to regulate active power by adjusting
purpose. power angle delta of desired value and the reactive power is
supplied by modulation index and this modulation index is
n-J
controlled by desired value with constant PF. Control scheme
Vupperarm = L (SuiVci + V11) (1)
provides services of distribution control by volt ampere reactive
i=1
compensation on the feeder lines. The reactive power compensation
n-l
is used to maintain target PF of grid and to fix the power factor by
Vlowerarm = L (SliVci + V12) (2) acting the inverter of DSTATCOM.
i=1

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 Aniket R et al: A 13-Levellnverter with D-STATCOM Capability for Distributed Energy Systems

2
mEsELcosa - EL
Qs=---------== (8)
X
Where ' m' is the modulation index value which is important factor
of reactive power recompense and to fix the power factor in
between wind and grid. There are numerous assumptions while
designing control system. First is load on feeder line is resolution
for small period of time. Second assumption is the active and
reactive power of feeder line is constant. And third is very important
the changes in modulation index and power angle delta are affected
on reactive and active power respectively.
The relation between the target PF and reactive power is

(9)

Where the 'PG' is the active power on the grid and 'QT' is target
reactive power. So that the target reactive power for the target PFT
is

(10)
Fig.4. schematic diagram of control system

There are two modes of operation of control strategy. In case of

From above two equations target reactive power of grid is
first mode when wind is blowing and active power is coming from
calculated and the equated with the real value of reactive power.
wind turbine 13 level inverter acts as regular inverter to transfer
Therefore the final result of this control strategy is to use PI
active power from renewable energy source to grid as well as
controller to determine the value of modulation index and power
working with D-STATCOM to regulate reactive power of the grid
angle of real DC voltage by comparing this results with reference
in order to control PF of the grid. In second mode if the wind is not
value then we can find the preferred values of the final results. 13-
blowing or stopped and low speed then control scheme act as an
level inverter the use of upper arm and lower arm for definite the
only DSTATCOM mode to PF correction to the source of reactive
voltage level in the output is
power. This possibility rejects the use of extra capacitors and
FACTs devices to reactive power compensation and improve the
power quality. This device permanently supply the real power from n upper Arm + n lower Arm = 12 (11)
wind to grid.
The power supply from the device to power lines is Where, n upper Arm and n lower Arm are the numbers of SMs
which are ON in the upper arm or lower arm, respectively. In 13
EsEL
Ps =- sina (5) Level there are inverter 12 upper and 12 lower SMs where each
X SMs has a capacitor.
These SMs is used in system such as when upper arm SMs is OFF
then at the same time lower arm SMs is ON. So that at that time all
2 upper arm SMs consist main switch is only ON and lower arm SMs
EsELcosa- E is auxiliary switch is ON so that other switches is OFF. The floating
Qs=----------- L
(6) capacitor is used to maintain the voltage of the system. The
X
capacitors are used at their different DC voltage levels and output
Where 'X' is the inductance between STATCOM and inverter. The voltage is control by the change in upper arm and lower arm voltage
delta is angle of voltage in inverter and grid the ' Es' and ' EI' is by changing the number of the SMs.
source and load voltage. The magnitude of voltage range changes by The main function of this control system is generation of PWM
adjusting the power angle delta and the modulation index which is block. In this block the addition of modulation index, power angle
vary between 0 to 1 by delay to firing signals is delta, voltages and direction of current flows through the switches.
EsEL All this contents are required for generation of PWM signals.
Ps =- m sina (7)
X

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 20161nternationa1 Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

V. SIMULATION RESULTS FOR 13-LEVEL INVERTER TABLE I

PARAMETERS USED FOR SIMULATION
The MATLAB/Simulink simulation for 13-level inverter with D
STATCOM capability system is presented in fig 5 and required data
for simulation of system is represented in Table I.
Parameter Value

15mH
LLine
RI"ine 10hm

Lrllter 5mH
Transformer primary voltage 12000V
Transformer secondary voltage 600V
Switching frequency 2kHz
Load active power 50kW
Load reactive power 34.8kVAR
Target PF 0.99
DC link voltage 2000V

The following waveform of wind turbine output how much power is

develop and the output of wind turbine is 10KWto 12KW.

Fig. 5. Simulated system in MATLAB

Fig. 7. Simulated output active power from the wind turbine

Fig.6.control system in MATLAB
The simulation result of this design inverter by using MMC
structure is finding by MATLAB software. So that results is carried
out by various Simulink model design. Thus for this
This waveform shows that the active and reactive power of the
wind turbine to regulate the active power from the wind to grid by
after the compensation of reactive power to maintain the PF 0.82 to
0.90 after the inverter starts. After the time 6 sec the output of the
wind increases and the decreases the feeder line active power

Proposed design various parameters is to be consider which are

listed in below table.

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 Aniket R et al: A 13-Levellnverter with D-STATCOM Capability for Distributed Energy Systems

Fig.l0. FFT analysis of 13-level inverter

Fig. 8. Simulated active and reactive power of the inverter (top

graph), active and reactive power of the power lines (bottom
graph).

The following waveform shows output of multilevel inverter for 13-

level inverter i.e. step wise output of upper and lower level of output.
Fig. 11. Simulated PF of the grid.

The below waves shows the power angle delta and modulation
index by controlling the active and reactive power respectively.

Fig. 9. Simulated output voltage of a 13-level inverter.

This is main aim of the design inverter to get grid PF is constant

0.90 despite the active power of the wind turbine. The output
voltage of dc link is 2000V and the RMS voltage of ac is 600V. The
next fig.9.is shows that the FFT analysis of 13-level inverter and it Fig. 12. Simulated delta and modulation index of the 13-level
shows that the total harmonic distortion is reduces as per the IEEE inverter.
standard.

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VI. CONCLUSIONS [9] R. K. Varma, E. M. Siavashi, B. Das, and V. Sharma, "Real

time digital simulation of a PV solar system as STATCOM (PV
STATCOM) for voltage regulation and power factor correction, " in
In this paper the concept of multilevel inverter by increasing the Proc. EPEC, Oct. 2012, pp. 157-163.
number of level reduces the total harmonic distortion of the system
and improving the power quality. This paper presents new technique
to eliminate the use of extra capacitor and FACTS devices. The
design and implementation of the multi- level inverter with D
STATCOM capability is new concept to reduce the cost of capacitor
bank to improve the PF by reactive power compensation. The use of
this inverter is to regulate the active power by adjusting the power
angle delta and the reactive power by adjusting the modulation
index. Simulation result is found on MATLAB software.

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