Organizational Steps

1. State the problem

2. State operational definitions for all variables
3. Identify keywords for literature review
4. Conduct a search for relevant literature
5. Abstract and code each relevant article
6. Make an outline and put article codes in the outline
7. Write the review of related literature
8. State the research hypothesis
9. Prepare the research plan or proposal
10. Obtain permissions and complete form for IRB
11. Conduct the study
12. Prepare the final report

The Proposal Format

I. Problem Rationale
II. Research Problem
2a. Review of related literature
2b. Statement of the Problem/ Hypothesis (if needed)
III. Research Methods

Adventist Medical Center College

Department of Pharmacy
TYPE YOUR TITLE HERE. THE APA RECOMMENDATION
FOR TITLE LENGTH SHOULD NOT EXCEED 12 WORDS

Submitted by:
(names)

Month year accomplised

ACKNOLEDGEMENT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title Page 1
Acknowledgment X
Table of Contents X

Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM RATIONALE 4

2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS X

3 THE RESEARCH METHODS X

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION X

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS X

Bibliography X

Curriculum Vitae X

CHAPTER 1
 THE PROBLEM RATIONALE

1.1 Rationale

This section must be clear and logical in describing succinctly the

trends in the field that render the chosen topic problematic.

1.2 Research Impediments

This section must describe the research barriers or limitations

of the study, (if possible, substantial, ethical, methodological, and practical)

that the candidate may come across in the conduct of the study.

CHAPTER 2

THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

 This chapter includes all types of materials reviewed, conceptual

literature which came from books. Related studies both local and foreign

consisting mainly of peer reviewed journals. Your aim is to show how the

present study relates to the existing knowledge and previous studies in

terms of both similarities and differences. The formal sub-sections for this

chapter are;

2.1 Review of the Literature

Must be comprehensive in the light of the chosen variables with a

view to surfacing the research blankspots (unexplored area) and

blindspots (conflicting areas in the literature).

2.2 Research Question/s (or Hypotheses)

A research hypothesis is the statement you created when you

speculate upon the outcome of a research or experiment. Every true

experimental design must have this statement at the core of its structure, as

the ultimate aim of any experiment.

CHAPTER 3
 THE RESEARCH METHODS

This chapter must include details of your experimental methodology. Points

to highlight includes; Detailed description of the following materials and

methodology to be used and the data analysis. This section maybe

supported by the appendices that contain additional materials to be used.

There are two formal sub-sections (3.1 and 3.2) which are;

3.1 Methods and Materials

3.1.1 Standards, Reagents, and Chemicals

This section must have detailed description of materials used.

3.1.2 Extraction (or Sampling or Synthesis) Procedure

This section can have either of the 3 suggested titles above,

depending on your research.

3.2 Analysis

3.2.1 Instrumental Analysis

This section must have detailed description of materials used.

3.2.2 Data Interpretation and Calculations

In this section you may include your statistical analysis, description of

softwares etc. For example (NOTE: this was taken from a journal.

since you are writing a proposal, the grammar form MUST BE IN THE

FUTURE TENSE) MS and MS/MS data searches were performed using a

local Mascot server (Mascot 2.2.0, Matrix Science, London, UK) against the

SwissProt database (version 56.8, 410, 518 sequences). For MALDIMS

peptide mass fingerprinting, a mass tolerance of 50 ppm was allowed.

(taken from Fouillen et al., Analytical Biochemistry 407 (2010) 34

43)
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Include all literature actually cited in chapters 1 to 3, arrange entries

ALPHABETICALLY (NOT NUMBERED); strictly use APA style entries.

Sample entries for books, journals, book edition and internet source are

shown below in that order;

Baxter, C. (1997). Race Equality in Health Care and Education. Philadelphia:

Ballire Tindall.

Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial Cues More Salient Than Color

Cues in Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) reversal learning. Journal

of Comparative Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi:10.1037/0735-

7036.122.4.441

Hyde, J. S.,& Delamater, J. (2008). Human Sexuality (10th ed.) New York:

McGraw-Hill.

Research Initiatives. (n.d.). Retrieved January 11, 2007, from MIT,

Comparative Media Studies website,

http://cms.mit.edu/research/index.php
Appendix I

(tables)
 Curriculum Vitae

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