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LECTURE 5:
MODELLING OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
Existing and many modern engineering systems are
becoming more complex in their features and overall
system architecture.
Measurand
MEASUREMENT Signal
SYSTEM
PHYSICAL ELECTRICAL
(ENVIRONMENT) (INFORMATION)
Measurement system
is a conversion from input measurand parameter to
output signal.
Input Output
Resistor
voltage (V) = current (A)
Note:
Environmental influences
Measurand
MEASUREMENT Signal
SYSTEM
PHYSICAL ELECTRICAL
(ENVIRONMENT) (INFORMATION)
ELECTRICAL PHYSICAL
(INFORMATION) (ENVIRONMENT)
Disturbances
ELECTRICAL PHYSICAL
(INFORMATION) (ENVIRONMENT)
system response
transfer function
mathematical model
Input Output
quantity SYSTEM quantity
X RESPONSE Y
Y=F{X}
Block Diagrams
Input Output
quantities quantities
X1 SYSTEM Y1
X2 RESPONSE Y2
Y1 = F1 { X1, X2 }
Y2 = F2 { X1, X2 }
Input Output
quantity STATIC quantity
X RESPONSE Y
Y=F{X}
ALGEBRA ONLY
Input Output
quantity DYNAMIC quantity
X(t) RESPONSE Y(t)
Y(t) = F { X(t) }
CALCULUS REQUIRED
Superposition
Constant sensitivity.
= +
Zero
input
Y
OUTPUT: amplitude of signal
Output offset
Y0 Zero
output
Input offset
X0
Physical measurand
Electrical (or pneumatic) signal
Quantitative information
conversion INTERPRETATION
RECORDING
Human
LOCAL REMOTE
DECISION
ALARM
Automatic or Human
CONTROL
Automatic or Human
ENERGY ENERGY
Physical Electrical (or Hydraulic, Pneumatic)
ACTUATOR
FEEDBACK
EXTERNAL INTERACTIONS
INTERNAL CONFIGURATION
ASSESS ERRORS
CONCLUDE