CHAPTER 3: TRANSFORMATIONS III

3.1a Determining the image of an object under the combination of two isometric
transformations

1. Translations, reflections and rotations are isometric transformations.

2. In an isometric transformation, the shape and the size of the image is thesame as the object.
3. For two transformations, A and B,
(a) Combined transformation AB represents transformation B followed by transformation A.
(b) Combined transformation BA represents transformation A followed by transformation B.
(c) Combined transformation A2 = AA represents transformation A which is carried
out twice consecutively.

3.1b Determining the Image of an Object under Combination of (a) Two Enlargements
or (b) an Enlargement and an Isometric Transformation

1. Enlargement is a transformation where all points of an object on a plane move from a fixed point
at a constant ratio.
2. The fixed point is called the centre of enlargement and constant ratio is called the scale factor.

3. For enlargement, the object and the image are similar.

4. Area of image = (Scale factor)2 x Area of object
= k2 x Area of object

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Example:

E, P and T are three transformations that are defined as follows:

E = Enlargement with centre V (0, 1) and a scale factor of 2.
P = Reflection at the line x = 1.

T=Translation (33)T=Translation (33)

Based on the diagram above, determine the image of the shaded figure under the combined
transformations
(a) E2 (b) ET (c) EP (a)
Solution: Shaded figure (E) figure III (E)
figure D.
Hence, the image of the shaded figure under
the combined transformation E2 =EE is
the figure D.

(b)
Shaded figure (T) figure II (E)
figure A.
Hence, the image of the shaded figure under
the combined transformation ET is
the figure A.

(c)
Shaded figure (P) figure I (E) figure B.
Hence, the image of the shaded figure under
the combined transformation EP is
the figure B.
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3.1c Stating the Coordinates of the Image of a Point under a Combined
Transformation

1. The coordinates of the image of a point, K, under the combined transformation AB can be
determined by the following steps.
Step 1:
Determine the coordinates of K, the image of K, under the first transformation,B.
Step 2:
Determine the coordinates of K, the image of K, under the second transformation, A. K is the image
of K, under the combined transformation, AB.
Example:
T, P, R and E are four transformations that are defined as follows:

T=Translation (4 3)T=Translation (4 3)

P = Reflection in the yaxis.

R = Clockwise rotation 90o about the origin
E = Enlargement with scale factor of 3 and the origin as centre.
Find the coordinates of the image of the point A (3, 2) under each of the following combined
transformation.
(a) TT (b) PT (c) ET (d) ER (e) EP

Solution:
(a)

A(3, 2) T A(1, 1) T A(5, 4).

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(b)

A(3, 2) T A(1, 1) P A(1, 1).

(c)

A(3, 2) T A(1, 1) E A( 3, 3).

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(d)

A(3, 2) R A(2, 3) E A( 6, 9).

(e)

A(3, 2) P A(3, 2) E A( 9, 6).

3.1d Describing the Combination of Two Transformations Given the Object

and the Image

Example 1:

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In the diagram above, triangle KLM is the image of triangle ABC under the combined
transformations VW. Describe in full, the transformation W and the transformation V.

Solution:

Figure ABC W Figure KBC V Figure KLM

W=Translation (04)W=Translation (04)

V = Enlargement with centre K(1, 1) and a scale factor of 3.

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Example 2:

In the diagram above, triangle CKL is the image of triangle ABC under the combined
transformations UY. Describe in full, the transformation Y and the transformation U.

Solution:

Figure ABC Y Figure ABC U Figure CKL

Y = Reflection in the straight line y = 6
U = Enlargement with centre C(12, 6) and a scale factor of 2.

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Example 3:

In the diagram above, triangle PQR is the image of triangle ABC under the combined
transformations TW. Describe in full, the transformation W and the transformation T.

Solution:

Figure ABC W Figure PBC T Figure PQR

W = Clockwise rotation of 90o about the point B(5, 5)
T = Enlargement with centre P(1, 5) and a scale factor of 2.

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3.2 Solving Problems involving Transformations
Example:
The diagram below shows the triangles ABC, SQT and PQR.

(a) Transformation T is a translation ( 52)( 52)

Transformation P is a reflection in the straight line y = 7.

State the coordinates of the image of point A under each of the following transformations:
(i) Transformation T,
(ii) Combined transformation PT.

(b)
(i) PQR is the image of triangle ABC under the combined transformations MN. Describe in full, the
transformation N and the transformation M.
(ii) Given that the area of the shaded region PSTR is 200 m2, calculate the area of the triangle SQT.

Solution:
(a)
(i) A(3, 11) T A(8, 9).
(ii) A(3, 11) T A(8, 9)
P A(8, 5).
(b)(i)
N = Anticlockwise rotation of 90o about
the point B(5, 10).
(b)(ii)
M = Enlargement with centre (5, 12) and
a scale factor of 3.
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(c)
Area of image = (Scale factor)2 x Area of object
Area of PQR = 32 x Area of SQT
Area of SQT + Area of PSTR = 9 x Area of SQT
Area of SQT + 200 = 9 x Area of SQT
200 = 9 x Area of SQT Area of SQT
200 = 8 x Area of SQT
Area of SQT=2008Area of SQT=2008
Area of SQT = 25 cm2

Further Practice:
Long Questions (Question 1)

Question 1:

(a) Transformation T is a translation (4 2)(4 2) and transformation P is an anticlockwise rotation

of 90o about the centre (1, 0).

State the coordinates of the image of point (5, 1) under each of the following transformation:
(i) Translation T,
(ii) Rotation P,
(iii) Combined transformation T2.

(b) Diagram below shows three quadrilaterals, ABCD, EFGH and JKLM, drawn on a Cartesian plane.

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(i) JKLM is the image of ABCD under the combined transformation VW.
Describe in full the transformation:
(a) W (b) V
(ii) It is given that quadrilateral ABCD represents a region of area 18 m2.
Calculate the area, in m2, of the region represented by the shaded region.

Solution:
(a)

(b)

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(i)(a)
W: A reflection in the line x = 2

(i)(b)
V: An enlargement of scale factor 3 with centre (0, 4).

(b)(ii)
Area of EFGH = area of ABCD = 18 m2
Area of JKLM = (Scale factor)2 x Area of object
= 32 x area of EFGH
= 32 x 18
= 162 m2
Therefore,
Area of the shaded region
= Area of JKLM area of EFGH
= 162 18
= 144 m2

Long Questions (Question 2)

Question 2:
(a) Transformation P is a reflection in the line x = m.

Transformation T is a translation ( 42)( 42) .

Transformation R is a clockwise rotation of 90o about the centre (0, 4).

(i) The point (6, 4) is the image of the point ( 2, 4) under the transformation P.

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State the value of m.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the image of point (2, 8) under the following combined transformations:
(a) T2,
(b) TR.

(b) Diagram below shows trapezium CDFE and trapezium HEFG drawn on a Cartesian plane.

(i) HEFG is the image of CDEF under the combined transformation WU.
Describe in full the transformation:
(a) U (b) W
(ii) It is given that CDEF represents a region of area 60 m2.
Calculate the area, in m2, of the region represented by the shaded region.

Solution:
(a)(i)
(6,4)P(2,4)m=6+(2)2=2(6,4)P(2,4)m=6+(2)2=2

(a)(ii)

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(a) (2, 8) T (6, 6) T (10, 4)
(b) (2, 8) R (4, 2) T (8, 0)

(b)(i)(a)
U: An anticlockwise rotation of 90o about the centre A (3, 3).

(b)(i)(b)
Scale factor=HECD=42=2Scale factor=HECD=42=2
W: An enlargement of scale factor 2 with centre B (3, 5).

(b)(ii)
Area of HEFG = (Scale factor)2 x Area of object
= 22 x area of CDEF
= 4 x 60
= 240 m2
Therefore,
Area of the shaded region
= Area of HEFG area of CDEF
= 240 60
= 180 m2

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