terms of general approach, there are considerable differences

in their assumptions and the resulting equations, which leads

to uncertainties about their reliability.
A further cause of uncertainty is the wide variety of types
of shear reinforcement, such as stirrups of various forms,
bent-up bars, welded fabric, and stud systems. Comparisons
of design equations with the results of tests using different
types of shear reinforcement can result in a wide scatter,
while comparisons of slabs with only one type are often
limited by the restricted data available.
This paper presents the results of tests1 of slabs with
double-headed studs as shear reinforcement, followed by
a short review of the design methods of ACI 318,2 Eurocode
2 (EC2),3 and the critical shear crack theory (CSCT) of.
terms of general approach, there are considerable differences
in their assumptions and the resulting equations, which leads
to uncertainties about their reliability.
A further cause of uncertainty is the wide variety of types
of shear reinforcement,
Muttoni et al.,4,5 which is the basis of the punching clauses