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GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
REPORT
DECEMBER, 2014
GEO-APPRAISAL
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Mr A.K.Agarwal plans to construct a thirteen storied residential complex on a plot of land
located opposite NCC ground on PWD colony road in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The structure
has a provision for a 5.50m to 6.0m deep parking basement. As such the foundations are
likely to be founded between the depths of 6.5m to 7.0m below natural ground level. M/s
Geo-Appraisal Pvt. Ltd., Jodhpur, was entrusted with the job of conducting sub-soil
investigation at the location of the proposed structure. This report covers the findings of the
investigation carried out up to depth of 15.0m from the natural ground level.
natural moisture content. Mercury displacement method was used for estimating bulk
density in laboratory. The chemical tests essentially consisted of determination of
electrical conductivity, chlorides, sulphates and pH.
All the results of the index properties and engineering property tests of soil samples are
tabulated in soil profile tables attached as Annexure at the end of this report.
from zero to 27.27. The swell percentages for sandy clays / clayey sands vary from
16.66 to 25 indicating marginal swelling characteristics. The bearing stratum at this
location in general can be classified as non-expansive.
Since DFS percentages at some depths are on a higher side it was decided to go for
confirmatory swelling pressure tests. Swelling pressure tests give us a quantifiable
estimate of the swelling pressures that could act on the proposed foundations.
Swelling Pressure
The soil samples taken from different depths have also been checked for swelling
pressure. Soil samples were remolded at field density and tested for swelling under
initial dry conditions and constant volume. The swelling pressures are seen to vary
from a minimum of 4.09t/m2 to a maximum of 9.64t/m2 for the bearing stratum. These
values indicate low to medium degree of expansion with degree of severity as non-
critical to marginal.
Based on above classification and the results of chemical test on subsoil it is estimated
that the foundation concrete in its lifetime will experience moderate environmental
exposure. Hence Moderate category best describes the environmental exposure
conditions prevailing at site for foundation concrete.
It is desirable that cement concrete of adequate strength and durability should be
prepared for Moderate category of environmental exposure conditions as per IS456
guidelines. IS456 recommend minimum Grade of concrete for PCC as M-15 where as
recommended minimum grade of concrete for RCC is M25.
The total sulphate concentration in subsoil and groundwater is expected to be less than
0.20%. However, maximum measured chloride concentration in subsoil is 0.0271%. IS
is the angle of shearing resistance of the soil layer on which the foundation
rests.
The averaged c- value is obtained by the concept of weighted average proposed by
Bowles. (Ref. J.E. Bowles (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition,
McGRAW Hill International Edition)
Cav = (c1 x H1 + c2 x H2 + c3 x H3 + .. + cn x Hn) / Hi
av = tan-1 {(H1 x tan 1 + H2 x tan 2 + .. + Hn x tan n) / Hi}
Where,
Ci = cohesion in stratum of thickness Hi;
i = angle of internal friction in stratum of thickness Hi;
The averaged c- values are sometimes also conservatively adopted giving due
consideration to the behavior of strata under worst moisture conditions and values
reported in literature for given strata.
The averaged c- values are then used to estimate net ultimate bearing capacity. The
formula used is as follows:-
Formula: qult=[C*Nc*sc*dc*ic]+[q*(Nq-1)*sq*dq*iq]+[(1/2)*B*N*s*d*i*W']
Where:
B = Width of the Footing
= Bulk Unit Weight
C = Cohesion
q = Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation
W' = Correction factor for location of water table
Nc, Nq, N = Bearing capacity factors
sc, sq, s = Shape factors
dc, dq, d = Depth factors
ic, iq, i = Inclination factors
The Net Safe Bearing Capacity is derived from Ultimate Bearing Capacity by the
following relation:-
qa = [qult / FS]
Where:
qa = Net Safe Bearing Capacity
3.0 37.38
6.0
30 39.01
3.0 39.36
7.0
30.0 40.92
Where:
C = Cohesion
qa = [ qult / SF ]
SF = Safty Factor
Layer Properties
S.No Depth to Bulk Observed
Bottom of Layer Density 'N' Values
(m) (t/m )
1 1.50 1.88 13
2 3.00 1.97 26
3 4.50 1.93 36
4 6.00 1.97 41
5 7.50 1.94 60
6 9.00 1.89 62
7 10.50 1.90 71
8 12.00 1.95 83
9 15.00 2.02 100
Other Details Required for Standard Penetration Test
Average Corrected 'N' Value For Footing Placed At 7.00 m Below Ground Level = 40.92
Net safe bearing capacity of 52.0t/m2 derived using laboratory shear strength parameter
is checked for settlement using average corrected N value. Total settlements calculated
using chosen N value of 40.92 for a combined raft of width 30.0m and embedded at
7.0m depth below the natural ground level are 77.64mm. The estimated settlements are
more than the allowable total permissible settlement of 40mm. For 40mm permissible
settlement the safe allowable bearing capacity is 26.78t/m2. This value has been
derived using iterations in computer software until the settlements are within
permissible limits and hence becomes the safe allowable bearing capacity.
Similarly, for an isolated type of foundation placed at 7.0m depth the Net safe bearing
capacity of 27.0t/m2 derived using laboratory shear strength parameter is checked for
settlement using average corrected N value. Total settlements calculated using chosen
N value of 39.36 for an isolated foundation of width 3.0m and embedded at 7.0m depth
below the natural ground level are 35.44mm. For 40mm permissible settlement the safe
allowable bearing capacity is 19.04t/m2. This value has been derived using iterations in
computer software until the settlements are within permissible limits.
Safe allowable bearing capacity has been calculated based on the recommendations
given in IS- 6403 1981. The table below gives recommended bearing capacities
calculated at depths of 6.0m and 7.0m at the investigated location. These values are
applicable for raft type foundation of width 30m and length 45m and for an adopted
allowable total settlement of 40.00mm. Isolated footings/rafts are not recommended
under given subsoil conditions.
Safe Allowable Bearing
Depth Of Foundation
Capacity
(m)
(t/m2)
6.0 25.00
7.00 26.50
The minimum recommended depth of foundation should be at least 1.0m below the
floor level of the basement.
A 100 150 mm thick blinding layer of lean concrete, to facilitate placement of
reinforcing steel, should be laid. The founding level should be adequately
compacted.
Adequate dewatering measures will have to be adopted at the investigated location
as the ground water level is shallow. Lowering of ground water level should be
ensured before placing the foundation in the excavated trench. A minimum of two
bore holes will be required to lower the ground water level. The pumped water will
have to be disposed in the sewer line.
Chemical analyses of soil samples indicates moderate corrosive environment. It is
desirable that cement concrete of adequate strength and durability should be
prepared for Moderate category of environmental exposure conditions as per
IS456 guidelines. M15 Grade of concrete for PCC and M25 Grade of concrete for
RCC at the foundation level should be adopted
S.K. Mam
Director
ANNEXURE
SHEARING
DEPTH OF EACH RUN (m)
REPRESENTATION
CHARACTERISTIC
SYMBOLIC
VISUAL
LWL (m)
PRESSURE (T/M2)
% TOTAL FINES
PLASTIC LIMIT
DIFFERENTIAL
DESCRIPTION
(MILLIMOHOS\CM)
COHESION C
RESISTANCE
CHLORIDES (%)
CONDUCTIVITY
PLASTICITY
SULPHATE (%)
% GRAVEL
SWELLING
SHEARING
ANGLE OF
ELECTRICAL
DEPTH (m)
INDEX (%)
(KG/cm2)
% SAND
VALUE
pH (1:2)
OF SOILS
(1:5)
(%)
SILTY SAND
( 0.0 m 0.85 m )
0.0 - 1.5 DS 1.5 13 150 26.44 18.07 8.37 23.81 62.13 14.06 1.88 - - - - - - 0.00 -
SAND GRAVEL
CLAY MIXTURE
BROWNISH RED
IN COLOUR
( 0.85 m - 1.95 m )
1.5 - 3.0 DS 3.0 26 150 29.52 18.20 11.32 8.96 62.01 29.03 1.97 8.96 0.089 0.0211 0.0037 - - 18.18 -
3.20 m FROM NATURAL GROUND LEVEL
SAND GRAVEL
3.0 - 4.5 DS 4.5 36 150 CLAY MIXTURE - - - 20.07 52.17 27.76 - - - - - 0.074 34.95 16.16 4.37
ASSOCIATED
WITH BOULDERY
BANDS
4.5 - 6.0 DS 6.0 41 150 31.09 18.77 12.32 16.13 53.09 30.78 - 8.71 0.093 0.0240 0.0018 0.065 32.82 16.66 -
( 1.95 m - 6.85 m )
6.0 - 7.5 DS 7.5 100 150 30.61 17.29 13.32 16.51 52.31 31.18 1.94 8.76 0.086 0.0271 0.0007 0.087 32.22 8.33 -
MEDIM DENSE TO
DENSE CLAYEY
SAND /SANDY
CLAYS
7.5 - 9.0 DS 9.0 100/9 cm 150 ASSOCIATED 37.55 21.71 15.84 8.83 58.18 32.99 - - - - - - - 16.16 4.09
WITH LITTLE
GRAVEL
9.0 - 10.5 DS 10.5 100/5 cm 150 ( 6.85 m - 9.50 m ) - - - 10.21 66.42 23.37 1.90 - - - - - - 9.09 -
12.0 - 15.0 DS 15.0 145 150 ( 9.50 m - 15.00 m ) - - - 24.05 54.38 21.57 2.02 - - - - - - 10.00 -
GEO-APPRAISAL PVT. LTD.
SOIL PROFILE TABLE
LOCATION BH-2
CONSTRUCTION OF A MULTISTORIED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AT RATANADA, JODHPUR.
SHEARING
REPRESENTATION
CHARACTERISTIC
SYMBOLIC
VISUAL
LWL (m)
PRESSURE (T/M2)
% TOTAL FINES
PLASTIC LIMIT
DIFFERENTIAL
DESCRIPTION
COHESION C
RESISTANCE
PLASTICITY
% GRAVEL
SWELLING
SHEARING
ANGLE OF
DEPTH (m)
INDEX (%)
(KG/cm2)
% SAND
VALUE
OF SOILS
(%)
TOP RUBBLE
SILTY SAND
( 0.45 m - 0.80 m )
0.0 - 1.5 DS 1.5 36 150 25.41 15.49 9.92 36.04 46.18 17.78 1.89 - - 0.00 -
SAND GRAVEL
CLAY MIXTURE
( 0.80 m - 1.80 m )
- -
1.5 - 3.0 DS 3.0 43 150 SAND GRAVEL 28.55 16.28 12.27 16.38 62.34 21.28 1.96 16.66 -
- -
CLAY MIXTURE
ASSOCIATED
3.35 m FROM NATURAL GROUND LEVEL
3.0 - 4.5 DS 4.5 80 150 WITH BOULDRY - - - 12.56 38.71 48.73 - - - 27.27 6.67
BANDS
BROWNISH RED
IN COLOUR
4.5 - 6.0 DS 6.0 110 150 ( 1.80 m 4.80 m ) 37.93 18.45 19.48 6.93 28.53 64.54 - 0.10 27.91 15.38 -
SANDY CLAYEY
6.0 - 7.5 DS 7.5 60 150 / CLAYEY SAND 38.95 18.76 20.19 2.37 24.61 73.02 1.98 0.098 28.92 7.69 -
ASSOCIATED
WITH LITTLE
GRAVELS
7.5 - 9.0 DS 9.0 62 150 - - - 4.05 36.12 59.83 - 0.091 30.17 16.66 -
( 4.80 m - 9.85 m )
9.0 - 10.5 DS 10.5 71 150 34.95 19.69 15.26 18.12 32.08 49.80 1.98 - - 27.27 -
10.5 - 12.0 DS 12.0 100/8 cm 150 - - - 24.36 44.31 31.33 - - - 10.00 9.64
WEAK & FINE
GRAINED SEMI
CONSOLIDATED
12.0 - 13.5 DS 13.5 100/10 cm 150 SANDSTONE 26.65 16.63 10.02 6.41 64.31 29.28 2.11 - - 9.09 -
( 9.85 m - 15.00 m )
13.5 - 15.0 DS 15.0 100/11 cm 150 - - - 0.00 80.38 19.62 - - - 20.00