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Applied Networking-IV (2231114)

Lecture Week-9
VOIP Description & Operation

Lecture by: Djadja.Sardjana


Djadja.Sardjana,, S.T., M.M.
www.slideshare.net/djadja
Djadja.sardjana@widyatama.ac.id
7-Jun
Jun--10 Widyatama University-
University-Informatics 1
VOIP Description & Operation

VOIP
2m00

Description
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What is Voice over IP (VoIP)?
1010101000010 IP Packet
))) 1001010101010
1001010101010
0101010001001
1010101000010
1001010101010
1001010101010
0101010001001

Internet/
Private IP Network

1010101000010

((( 1001010101010
1001010101010
0101010001001
IP Packet
1010101000010
1001010101010
1001010101010
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What is IP Telephony ?
ITU Definitions

VoIP : Use of Private Networks


Internet Telephony : Use of Public Network
IP Telephony : VoIP + Internet Telephony

Alternatives

This deployment is VoIP


(end points are PSTN)

End points are IP

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Audio Packet Transfer

 Digitization (e.g., sampling at 8kHz, 16 bits per sample,


i.e
i.e,, 128 kb/s or 320 bytes per 20 ms)
 Real--time compression/encoding
Real compression/encoding (e.g., G.729
G.729A A at 8 kb/s)
 Transport to remote IP address and port number over
UDP (Why not TCP?)
 Processing on receiver side is the reverse

Introduction to VoIP 5
Sampling, Quantization,
Encoding
+127
10101111…01101101

Encode each quantized


sample into 8 bit code word

+0 PCM: 8000 x 8 bits = 64 kb/s

Other techniques (differential


coding, linear prediction)
2.4 kb/s to 64 kb/s

-127
Sample at twice the Round off samples to one
highest voice frequency of 256 levels (introduces
2 x 4000=8000 Hz noise)
(interval of 125 µsec)
Introduction to VoIP 6
VoIP Deployments
Phone to Phone
1998 is mainly provided by
Service Provider or
Private Network
(E.g. Singtel’s 019)

1999 PC(Web) to Phone


is mainly provided
by Service Provider
(E.g. Web2Phone)

IP Phone to IP Phone
2002 is mainly provided by
Service Provider or
self Managed
(E.g. Free World Dial)

post Wireless IP Phone


2003 to Wireless IP Phone
will be provided by whom?
New Comer:
Skype, Vonage etc.
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IP
IP--to
to--IP Calls

Internet

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IP
IP--to
to--PSTN Calls

Internet

PSTN

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The Internet Multimedia Protocol Stack

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SIP and H.323
H.323 comparisons
SIP H.323
Minimal delay - simplified Possibilities of delay (up to 7 or
signalling scheme makes it 8 seconds!)
"New
A simple
faster World"
toolkit
- aupon
relative
which
of "Old World"
H.323 specifies
- complex,
everything
Internet
smart clients
protocols
and applications
- simple, open deterministic
including the and
codec
vertical
for the
Slim
and be
can and Pragmatic
horizontal
built. It re-uses Net The
mediasuite
andishow
too cumbersome
you carry the to
elements (URLs, MIME and deploy
packets easily
in RTP
IETF ITU
DNS)
Seamless
Leaves issues interaction with other
of reliability to Services
Assumesare nailed-down
fallibility and-
of network
media - services
underlying network are only limited constricted
an unnecessary overhead
Carrier-class
by the developers solution addressing
imagination Borne of the LAN - focusing on
the wide area enterprise conferencing priorities
Many vendors developing
SIP messages are formatted as The
H.323majority
messagesof existing IP
are ASN.1
products
text. telephony products
binary encoded, rely on the
adding
H.323
Takensuite
complexity
from www.sipcenter.com

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SIP Protocol Flow
SIP UA

INVITE
(with SDP)
100 Trying
407 Auth Req
ACK
INVITE
With auth
100 Trying
180 Ringing
200 OK
(with SDP)
ACK

RTP

BYE

200 OK
H.323 protocol flow
H.323 Endpoint H.323 Endpoint

Open logical channel inc


TCS
Call Proceeding
Open logical channel

Alerting Connecting

RTP

Close logical
channel
Close logical channel ACK
SIP to H.323 Protocol Flow
SIP UA IP-IP Gateway H.323
INVITE
(with sdp)
100 Trying
Open logical channel
inc TCS
Call Proceeding
Open logical
channel
Alerting
180 Ringing Connecting
200 OK (with
SDP)
ACK

RTP

Close logical
BYE channel
Close logical channel
ACK ACK
Cisco
 SIP-
SIP-H.323 and H.323
H.323--SIP support was introduced in IOS
release 12.3(11)T

 Supports Voice calls. Video is supported for some calls

 Not a big performance impact, as no media transcoding is


involved. At worst case, just copy the media stream from input
buffer to output buffer

 Costs money (2 cisco routers, 1or 2 ‘expensive’ software


license)
SIP-
SIP-H.323 Gateway Network
Architecture (Cisco IP-
IP-IP Gateway)
SIP
SIP--H.
H.323
323 Gateway Network
Architecture (Asterisk Server)
IP
IP--IP International
Gateway/Gatekeeper GDS
peering configuration
VOIP Description & Operation

Operation
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Implications

No more time-based
telephony charges

No concept of local call, long-


distance call or IDD call

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Change in Business Paradigm
Traditional Telecom Model New Telecom Model

Value-Added
Voice
Service

Data Service Value-Added Service

Voice Service Data Service

Infrastructure Infrastructure

“The most powerful paradigm shift is the fact that applications are not woven into the
platforms. Now to be a phone company, you don't have to weave tightly the voice service
into the infrastructure. They (Vonage) turn voice into a application and shoot it across one
of these platforms. And, suddenly, you're in your business.”
– Michael Powell, Chairman of FCC

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Technical Issues
Technical Architecture

To achieve interoperability between different IP Telephony services,


What should be the technical common platform?
What are the technical specifications to adopt?

Quality of Service
What is the acceptable QoS for IP Telephony?
How to ensure QoS?

Security and Privacy


How secure is IP Telephony?
What about wiretapping requirements?

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Business Issues
Interconnection
Who can interconnect to PSTN?
What is the pricing model?

Market Studies
What is the economic impact?
How would it change the telco landscape?
(cost to setup IP Telephony service ~= cost to setup Email service)

Numberings
What’s is the numbering plans for IP Telephony?
How are numbers assigned for IP Telephony services?
What if there is no service provider?

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Regulatory Issues
Classification
How do we classify all the different IP Telephony services?
Are they subjected to similar “regulation”?

Licensing
Who needs to apply for license?
What if there is no service provider?

Universal Access
Is it applicable to IP Telephony?
How about emergency numbers?

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Future
Convergence
5m00

Conclusion & Final Words

7-Jun
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