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Premixed combustion
Fuel and oxidizer are already mixed at the molecular
level prior to ignition
Flame propagation from hot products to cold reactants
Rate of propagation (flame speed) depends on the
internal flame structure
Turbulence distorts the laminar flame shape and thus
accelerates flame propagation
Non-Premixed Premixed
3 2013 ANSYS, Inc. July 18, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Turbulent Reacting Flows
Most of the engineering reacting problems are turbulent
IC Engines, gas turbines, boilers, furnaces, rocket engines..
Modeling challenges
Accurately represent three interconnected phenomena
Inhomogeneous turbulent flow
The chemistry of combustion
Turbulent fluctuations of temperature, species and density
Approaches
Direct Numerical Solution (DNS)
Most accurate approach
Not possible because of wide range of time and length scales involved
So far, DNS efforts are limited to laboratory flames for research purpose
Mean flow closure Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS)
Most commonly used for practical purposes
Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
Stands in between DNS and RANS
Larger energy scales are resolved and sub-grid energy scales are modeled
Hybrid models (DES, SAS or ELES)
4 2013 ANSYS, Inc. July 18, 2014 ANSYS Confidential
Turbulent Reacting Flows (Cont)
Favre averaged species equation for turbulent reacting flows
+ = " " +
Absorption coefficient
If radiation is included
Constant; Piecewise-linear; Piecewise-polynomial; Polynomial; various WSGGM options
WSGGM-domain-based is recommended
Mass Diffusivity
Dilute approximation (recommended for highly turbulent flow)
Multi-component
Unity Le diffusivity option
() =