Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Cell Transport Name: Ella Herniak

Class/Period: 6
Date: 1/29/17
Essential Question: How and why do substances move across a cell membrane?

Questions: Notes:

Cell theory:
How was the cell
1. All living things are composed of cells.
theory developed
2. Cells are the basic units of life.
over time?
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Level 1
The cell membrane
Function- regulates the transport of what leaves and enters the
What major cell.
macromolecules
The membrane includes:
make up the cell
membrane? A lipid bilayer- a double sheet of phospholipids that provide a
Level 2 flexible cell structure. Hydrophilic polar phosphate head and
hydrophobic nonpolar fatty acid tail
Embedded proteins- these proteins act as channel pumps to
`
push large polar objects through the cell membrane.
Describe the anatomy of a Cholesterol makes it flexible
phospholipid. Carbohydrate chains- act as a chemical ID card
Level 3 Fluid mosaic model: membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move.

Based on the
information you
have, is a virus
considered a cell?
Level 4

How is this
knowledge used in
the real world?
Level 5 ***The Fatty acid hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid allow
small, Nonpolar substances to pass through.
EX: oxygen, co2, etc.

Summary:
The cell theory is made from multiple observations and discoveries and explains what
cells are. The cell membrane is semi-permeable and made up of lipid bilayers. A lipid
bilayer is made up of phosphate, polar, hydrophilic heads and fatty acid, hydrophobic,
non- polar tails. The bilayer serves as a flexible barrier for the cell. There are also
proteins and carbohydrates that make up the cell membrane. Fatty acid tails allow small
nonpolar molecules to pass through the membrane.
Questions: Notes:

Diffusion-molecules moving from areas of low concentration too areas of high

concentration. Ex: a sugar cube dissolving in water
Compare and
contrast Passive No Atp
and active Flows with concentration gradient
transport. High to low like Asians coming out of a crazy crowded train
Level 1
Three kinds of diffusion:
1. Simple diffusion- particles move freely to reach equilibrium
Small nonpolar molecules such as co2 and oxygen
2. Facilitated diffusion- special protein pumps are used to push large and polar
objects across the membrane.
What happens in
Polar or large molecules such as starches and sugars
each solution of
3. Osmosis: diffusion of water across a cell membrane.
osmosis?
***Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic
Level 2
Active transport: the process of transporting small and large molecules across a cell
membrane AGAINST concentration gradient
Low to high like a person rowing a boat upstream
Requires apt energy
What are the steps
in endocytosis as
Four kinds:
well as exocytosis?
1.) Ion Pumps: with atp input, Ion pumps push Ions through the membrane
Level 3
against the concentration gradient. Ex: the sodium potassium pump
2.) Cotransport: two different substances move across the membrane together
with atp input. Ex: the Na+ Glucose Co transporter
3.) Endocytosis: large substances enter the membrane in vesicles
Create an analogy ***Phagocytosis-food, Pinocytosis-liquids, Receptor mediated,
for ion pumps and
cotransporters.
Level 4

How can I now

apply my
knowledge of cell
transport to the 21st 4.) Exocytosis: substances exiting the cell by vesicles fusing with phospholipid
century? bilayer.
Level 5
Summary:
There are two ways molecules move across a membrane- passive transport and active
transport. Passive transport is when molecules diffuse by following the concentration
gradient. This requires no ATP. There is osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated
diffusion. There are hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions in osmosis. Active
transport requires atp and the molecules move against the concentration gradient. There
are ion pumps, Co transport, Endocytosis, and exocytosis. Endocytosis includes
phagocytosis, receptor mediated transport, and pinocytosis.