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I.
INTRODUCTION
2461
0.4Vdc
tbl =
2 sin (2 5)
sin [ ( s1) 5] |v *| t s
Vdc
28
30
4
13
0Vdc
15
0
31
-0.4Vdc
18
23
27
-0.8Vdc
-0.8Vdc -0.6Vdc -0.4Vdc -0.2Vdc
25
21
11
-0.6Vdc
16
29
26
22
24
20
10
-0.2Vdc
17
19
0Vdc
V
0.8Vdc
10
0.6Vdc
0.4Vdc
11
Vy
26
27
8
0.2Vdc
14
0Vdc
15
0
31
12
-0.4Vdc
17
29
-0.6Vdc
22
23
-0.8Vdc
-0.8Vdc -0.6Vdc -0.4Vdc -0.2Vdc
16
28
7
13
30
19
25
18
24
-0.2Vdc
20
21
0Vdc
Vx
Fig. 1. Two-level five-phase VSI space vectors in the and x-y planes.
vbl
tb1
vb
ts
(2)
2 sin ( 5)
sin [ ( s1) 5] |v *| t s
Vdc
where ts is the switching period, is the reference position
and indices a and b are defined in Fig. 2a. Total time of
application of zero space vectors t o = t s (t al + t am + tbl + t bm )
is equally shared between zero space vectors v0 and v31 .
The maximum peak value of the output fundamental phaseto-neutral voltage in the linear modulation region is
v max = V dc /[ 2 cos( / 10)] = 0.525Vdc [17]. Switching pattern
is a symmetrical PWM with two commutations per each
inverter leg. To demonstrate the validity of the technique and
provide a benchmark for comparison purposes, simulations
tbm =
14
0.2Vdc
12
0.6Vdc
vbm
29
t1a
va
ts
a)
v*
16
vam
24
vbl
24
s =1
val
2 5
25
25
16
y
b)
29
vbm
2462
(V)
A1
Vdc1
-500
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
N1
(V rms)
30
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
(V)
E1
E2
C2
D2
Vdc 2
N2
vN 1N 2
10
500
(
= (2 5)(v
v = (2 5) v a + av b + a 2 v c + a 3 v d + a 4 v e
-500
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
2
4
6
8
v x y
a + a vb + a vc + a v d + a ve
where a = exp( j 2 / 5) . Using (3) and (4), one gets
0.06
Time (s)
300
(V rms)
D1
A2
20
(4)
v = v ( A1B1C1D1E1) v ( A2 B 2C 2 D 2 E 2)
200
100
0
C1
B2
0.06
Time (s)
B1
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Fig. 3. Two-level five-phase VSI SVM: phase voltage waveforms and spectra
for M = 0.1 and M = 1.05.
(5)
v x y = v x y ( A1B1C1D1E1) v x y ( A2 B 2C 2 D 2 E 2)
When developing a suitable SVM strategy for the dualinverter supply and considering (5), it seems logical to adapt
the two-level SVM method for five-phase VSI of [16]
accordingly. Considering that the two-level SVM method
uses only large and medium active vectors during each
switching period and these can now be applied from each
side, there are nine possible vector combinations, as
illustrated in Fig. 5. The nine vector combinations result in a
total of 131 phase voltage space vector positions. Since there
are 2222 = 484 possible switching states then there are 353
redundant switching states. The space vector lengths and
positions, in the - sub-space, generated by the vector
combinations, are presented in Fig. 6 (zero-zero combination
is omitted). The high level of redundancy, which exists, offers
great scope for optimising the performance of the converter.
The development of such algorithms is beyond the scope of
this paper and is postponed for further work.
va = v A1N 1 + v N 1N 2 v A2 N 2
vb = v B1N 1 + v N 1N 2 v B 2 N 2
vc = vC1N 1 + v N 1N 2 vC 2 N 2
(3)
vd = v D1N 1 + v N 1N 2 v D 2 N 2
v e = v E1 N 1 + v N 1 N 2 v E 2 N 2
Two isolated dc supplies are assumed so that the common
mode voltage (CMV) v N 1N 2 is of non-zero value (the issue
of CMV elimination is not addressed here). The resulting
space vectors in dual-inverter supply mode will depend on the
ratio of the two dc bus voltages. The situation considered
further on is the setting Vdc1 = Vdc 2 = Vdc / 2 , which gives the
equivalent of single-sided three-level supply. Here Vdc stands
for the equivalent dc voltage in single-sided supply mode.
Since in five-phase case single-sided supply gives nine levels
2463
0.6Vdc
0.4Vdc
0Vdc
20
10
0
0.058 0.0582 0.0584 0.0586 0.0588 0.059 0.0592 0.0594 0.0596 0.0598 0.06
0.2Vdc
30
-0.2Vdc
-0.4Vdc
30
20
10
0
0.058 0.0582 0.0584 0.0586 0.0588 0.059 0.0592 0.0594 0.0596 0.0598 0.06
Time (s)
-0.6Vdc
-0.4Vdc
-0.2Vdc
0Vdc
0.2Vdc
0.4Vdc
0.6Vdc
Fig. 6. Space vectors in - plane, created by l-l (), m-m (), m-l, l-m (), lz, z-l (), m-z, z-m () combinations.
M 2 = 0
(6)
M 1 = 1.05
0.525 M 1.05
M 2 = 2( M 0.525)
Unequally apportioning the voltage reference between the
two modulators leads to a greater number of switching
possibilities than in the ERS scheme. The URS method will
therefore result in multilevel operation and improved
harmonic performance.
In order to verify and analyse the behaviour of the
developed modulation methods, a number of simulations are
performed for values of modulation index spanning M = 0.05
to M = 1.05 (0.025 increments). For the comparison purposes
Vdc1
v*
M1
4 3 2
5
1
10
7 8 9
v1*
1
0.5Vdc
2
1
10
6
7 8 9
v2*
1
10
4
5
M2
4 3 2
5
Vdc1
0.5Vdc1
1
10
7 8 9
7 8 9
( )
sin t *
Vdc2
0.5Vdc 2
2464
Vdc2
400
(V)
200
0
-200
-400
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
Time (s)
V phase Mod index =0.1
(V rms)
30
20
10
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Frequency (Hz)
(V)
500
THD =
2
n
v12
-500
0.02
n =1,2,3...
v12
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
Time (s)
V phase Mod index =0.6
150
(V rms)
50
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
(V)
-500
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
Time (s)
V phase Mod index =0.9
200
(V rms)
150
100
50
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Frequency (Hz)
Inverter switching state
INV1
30
20
10
0
0.058 0.0582 0.0584 0.0586 0.0588 0.059 0.0592 0.0594 0.0596 0.0598 0.06
M=0.6
30
INV2
THD
3.7504
2.5788
1.6992
1.2625
0.9738
0.7483
0.7574
0.7831
0.7737
0.7496
0.7176
0.6974
500
500
URS
levels
9
9
9
9
9
9
15
17
17
17
17
9
Frequency (Hz)
20
10
0
0.058 0.0582 0.0584 0.0586 0.0588 0.059 0.0592 0.0594 0.0596 0.0598 0.06
Time (s)
M=0.9
30
INV2
ERS
THD
5.2875
3.7504
2.5788
2.0420
1.6992
1.4531
1.2625
1.1069
0.9738
0.8570
0.7483
0.6974
100
0.025
(7)
20
10
0
0.058 0.0582 0.0584 0.0586 0.0588 0.059 0.0592 0.0594 0.0596 0.0598 0.06
Time (s)
Fig. 10. URS scheme: phase voltage waveforms and spectra for M = 0.1, 0.6,
0.9 and the associated inverter switching states.
2465
M = 0.6
5.5
URS
ERS
M = 0.6
0.5Vdc
0.2Vdc
4.5
0Vdc
Vx
0Vdc
-0.2Vdc
-0.6Vdc
2.5
-0.5Vdc
0.5Vdc
-0.2Vdc 0Vdc
Vy
M=0.9
1.5
1
0.5
0Vdc
V
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.2Vdc
M=0.9
0.5Vdc
0.2Vdc
0Vdc
0Vdc
Modulation index
Vx
3.5
5
ERS scheme
URS scheme
-0.2Vdc
-0.5Vdc
V THD
-0.5Vdc
0Vdc
V
0.5Vdc
-0.2Vdc
0Vdc
Vy
0.2Vdc
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Fig. 12. Dual-inverter - and x-y voltage vectors for M= 0.6 and 0.9.
REFERENCES
2.5
Vx THD
2
1.5
1
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Modulation index
Fig. 11. Phase voltage, -axis and x-axis THDs against modulation index for
the ERS and URS SVM schemes.
2466