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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

Buoyancy Factor

Directional Drilling

BF = 1 MW
65.4
BF = 1 SGmud
7.85

Bottom Hole Assemblies

where : MW (lb/gal)
65.4 (lb/gal)
SGmud (--)
7.85 (--)

Sperry Drilling Services


2007

Force Components

Weight Correction
BF = 1 MW
65.4

Buoyancy factor

Buoyed unit weight

Wbuoy = Wair x BF

Axial weight force

Fa = L x Wbuoy x cos IN

Normal weight force

Fn = L x Wbuoy x sin IN

Notes : IN hole inclination, degrees


wair from pipe tables, lb/ft

mud weight
density of steel
specific gravity of mud
specific gravity of steel

DC
axial

Fa

WOB

normal

Fn

torque and drag

Fn
normal force

Fa weight on bit

weight of DC
Use only the 75-80% of the available BHA weight for WOB for keeping the neutral
point of tension within the DC column

MW mud weight, lb/gal


L
length, ft

Effect of Hole Inclination

Note !

The weight of the DC


DC
Fnormal = 0

F = L x W buoy

Axial weight force


Fa
Normal weight force Fn

Faxial = 0
Fnormal = Wbuoy x sin IN

Fnormal = Wbuoy

Fn

Faxial = Wbuoy x cos IN

F =

2
2
(Fa + Fn ) [ lb ]

Fa
F

Faxial = Wbuoy
Friction Force : Ff = Fnormal x ff

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

Basic Rotary Assembly Types

The Pendulum
Principle

Dropping Assembly

Pendulum assemblies drop angle


as a pendulum creates negative

Dropping Assembly (Pendulum)

side force

Building Assembly (Fulcrum)

1
F = W BF L sin IN
s 2 c
t

Holding Assembly (Packed Hole)

tangency point (welllbore contact)

Lt

Fs Side force on bit (lbs)


Wc DC weight below tangency point (lbs/ft)
Lt Length of pendulum (ft)
IN
Fs

Inclination at tangency point (deg)

BF Buoyancy factor (-)

Pendulum Assembly - Tally


Generic Angle Dropping (Pendulum) Assembly

Bit
Drill collar, 30-90ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe

Drilling Parameters Used in BHA Analysis

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

Pendulum Assembly - Performance

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

The Fulcrum Principle

Slick Angle Dropping Assembly

The fulcrum uses a near-bit stabilizer


WOB

WOB (if sufficient) will cause the bottom DC to bend

To increase drop rate :

In holes with inclination > 5, DC will bend towards


the low side of the hole due to the gravity

Increase stiffness
Increase bit/DC size ratio
Increase DC weight
Decrease WOB
Increase rotary speed
length of
pendulum

wellbore contact
Lt

Problems ?
This bend will cause bit to exert a side force
against the high side of the hole, resulting in
a build of angle as drilling progresses

Fs side force (negative)

Generic Angle Building (Fulcrum) Assembly

Fulcrum Assembly - Tally

Bit
Near-bit Stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30-90ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30-60ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe, as required

Fulcrum Assembly - Performance

Packed Hole Assembly


The packed hole assembly is used to maintain angle
or build/drop at mild rates
3 or more stabilizers are placed at
specified points to control the
deflection of the drill collar string

1-2 jts dc

1 jt full length dc ~ 30 ft
short dc
The increased straightness of the drill collar
string reduces or eliminates the bit tilt

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

Packed Hole Assembly - Tally


Generic Packed Hole Assembly

Bit
Near-bit Stabilizer, full gauge
Short Drill collar, 6-20ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe, as required

Packed Hole Assembly - Performance

Packed Hole Assembly - Performance

The table shows the inclination and DLS values through the transitional period

Packed Hole Assembly - Performance

Typical Configurations - Summary

30-90 ft (9-27m)

the equilibrium is reached here

30 ft (9m)

30 ft (9m)

5-20 ft
1.5~20m

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

30 ft (9m)

30 ft (9m)

30-60 ft (9-18m)

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

Three point Geometry


Directional Assemblies
Top stabilizer

Traditional Assemblies :
straight motors or turbines with bent subs

3 points, which are not


on the same straight line

Steerable Assemblies :
bent housing motors or turbines

Stabilized
Slick

defines only 1 circle

Rotary Steerable Systems :


Indirect side force (Appleton, DDD)
Direct side force (Camco, BHI)
Bit pointing
(SSDS, Amoco,Precision Drilling/Computalog)

Motor stabilizer
or bend

Bit

Theoretical DLS

3-p Geometry Calculation vs. PLANIT BHA Analysis

9-5/8 SperryDrill 6/7 5.0


Top stabilizer

Bend angle

DLS =

L2

From 3-p calculations the


build rate is 7.94/100 ft
200
(o / 100 ft )
L1 + L2

Motor stabilizer
Curved borehole
L1

Bit

For comparison, these data


were used in PLANIT

Based on the assumption that the stabilizers are full gauge, and the bend is at the
motor stabilizer

3-p Geometry Calculation vs. PLANIT BHA Analysis


(7.94 vs. 7.20 8.40 /100 ft)

dc or nmdc

Conventional
Straight Mud Motor / Bent Sub

bent sub
Uses (straight) motor (turbine) and bent sub
Usable with single shot orientations, too
Smoothest curvature

IN = 5

IN = 35

The BHA must not be rotated


Must be tripped when EOB reached or correction
finished

PDM or turbine

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

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Sperry Drilling Services

2.stab
UG

2007.1

Steerable Motor Assembly

1.stab
UG

Generic Stabilized Steerable Assembly

nmdc

Bit and 2 stabilizers provide 3 contact


points
Sliding and rotating are both possible
Bend might be adjusted on site
More tortuous hole
Float valve and 2nd stabilizers are
optional

Bit
Mud motor with bent housing,
w/ sleeve stabilizer, 1/16-1/4 undergauge
String stabilizer on top of motor, 1/8-1/2 undergauge
Drill collar, or MWD hang-off collar, 30-40ft
String stabilizer, full gauge to undergauge
Drill collar, 90ft
HWDP 30-90ft
Drill pipe, as required

UG
float valve
toolface direction

Steerable Assembly
Performance

Steerable Assembly - Tally

MWD

Note, this performance is true


only at 30 inclination
PDM

bend

control stabilizer

optional

Steerable Assembly Performance Change

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

Steerable Assembly Equilibrium Rate

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

Steerable Assembly with AGS - Tally

Steerable Assembly with AGS - Performance

Bent Sub Alignment

Double Bend Assembly

2.stab
UG

bent sub
The motor toolface and bent sub scribeline has to be lined up

nmdc

Increased dogleg capability

Bent sub needs to be aligned to motor


toolface using shims btw bent sub and
motor for correcting scribeline position
cut off
direction of bend on bent sub

UG
float valve
direction of bend on motor

toolface direction

Kick Pads

Offset Pads

nm dc

Increased dogleg capability with same bend angle


compared to slick assemblies

At higher build rates (e.g. short radius wells) pads are


used in the place of stabilizers

Behaviour is sensitive of WOB

Pad sizes and correct alignment to HS and LS are critical !

Improved sliding performance (does not hang up)

Rotation is limited to lower bend angles


3.
HS pad

bit tilt

Only 2 definitive contact points

2.
LS pad

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

The 3 contact points set


the directional performance

1.
LS

2.
LS pad

bit tilt

HS

1.
LS

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

WOB

Drilling with Slick Assembly


Generic Slick Steerable Assembly
The WOB could flex the motor opposite to the bend,
reducing the build rate holding or even dropping angle
The BHA performance is a strong function of the WOB,
because the top contact point is not well defined, moves
up or down as the WOB changes

Bit
Mud motor with bent housing, without sleeve stabilizer
Drill collar, or MWD hang-off collar, 30-40ft
Drill collar, 90ft
HWDP 30-90ft
Drill pipe, as required

Questions :
Why want we use a slick assembly ?
How can we model its directional behaviour ?
What is the problem with using it in practice ?

Practical Bottom Hole Assemblies


12 1/4" rotary assembly (RHX1214)

12-1/4 rotary assembly


12-1/4 steerable assembly
12-1/4 wiper trip assembly
8-1/2 steerable assembly
8-1/2 wiper trip assembly
AGS application examples

12 1/4"
12 1/4"
8"
12 1/4"
8"
12 1/4"
8"
8"
8"
5"
5"

Bit
Integral Blade Near-bit Stabilizer
Short Drill Collar
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar (for ESS)
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 2-4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 2 jts
Crossover Sub
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-15 jts
Drill Pipe

Note : these assemblies are actual BHAs used for drilling a North Sea
directional well

12 1/4" steerable assembly (SXX1214)


12 1/4"
9 5/8"
11 3/4"
8"
12 "
8"
8"
8"
5"
5"

Bit
Crossover Sub
SPERRY-DRILL Mud Motor w/12 sleeve stabilizer
Integral Blade Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Hang-off Collar for DWD
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 2-4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 2 jts
Crossover Sub
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-15 jts
Drill Pipe

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

12 1/4" wiper trip assembly ( RWX1214)


12 1/4"
12 1/4"
8"
12 1/4"
8"
8"
8"
5"
5"

Bit (milled tooth)


Integral Blade Near-bit Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar (for ESS)
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 2-4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 2 jts
Crossover Sub
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-15 jts
Drill Pipe

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

8 1/2" wiper assembly (RWX 0812)

8 1/2" steerable assembly (SXX0812)


8 1/2"
6 3/4"
8 1/4"
6 1/2"
6 1/2"
8 1/4"
6 1/2"
6 1/2"
6 1/2"
5"
5"

Bit
SPERRY-DRILL Mud Motor w/ 8-1/8 sleeve stabilizer
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar, 1 jt
Non-magnetic Hang-off Sub - DWD
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 1 jt
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-10 jts
Drill Pipe

8 1/2"
8 1/2"
6 1/2"
8 1/2"
6 1/2"
5"
5"
5"
6 1/2"
5"
5"

Bit
Integral Blade Near-bit Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar, 1 jt (for ESS)
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 1 jt
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3 jts
Drill Pipe, 1000m
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 2 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 1-8 jts
Drill Pipe

Note
The above steerable assembly would be modified as hole angle
increases, in order to keep the drill collars and the jar inside the 9
5/8" casing when drilling in the horizontal section. Drill pipe and- Hevi
Wate drill pipe would be used in the open hole as push-pipes.
-

Drillstring Sections
Effects of Gravity and Inclination

1. - Bottom Hole Assembly

Normal drillstring - vertical and inclined wells (<60)

2. - Horizontal Section
3. - Lower Build Section

KOP
5

4.- Tangent Section


5. - Upper Build Section
4

6. - Vertical Above KOP


3

bit
PDM
MWD
drill collars
HWDP
drillpipe

at 60 inclination : axial ---------------- = 0.50 Wbuoy


normal ------------- = 0.87 W buoy

Inverted drillstring - above 60 inclination


at 90 inclination : axial weight force = 0
normal ------------- = Wbuoy

Drillstring Configurations
NORMAL

at 0 inclination : axial weight force = W buoy


normal -------------- = 0

INVERTED

Bit / BHA Run Work Method


bit
PDM
MWD
drillpipe
HWDP
drill collars
HWDP
drillpipe

Consult the Halliburton Management System document


WM-GL-HES-SSDS-DD405
for the detailed description of correct procedures

Questions :
When should we invert the drillstring ?
Where to put the drill collars and HWDP ?

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

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Sperry Drilling Services

2007.1

BHA Specification Exceeded Alert

Use the Halliburton Management System form No.

References

API Spec 5D
Specification for Drill Pipe

API Spec 7
Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements

Std DS-1 (TH Hill Associates, DEA Project #74)


Drill Stem Design and Inspection

API Rp 7G
Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating
Limits

PLANIT program modules : BHA Analysis, TDRAG

FO-GL-HES-SDS-407
for alerting, when a BHA is currently / has been operated outside the
specifications given in the contract

Consult the relevant document for criteria (operating limits)

Directional Drilling BH Assemblies

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