Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2007.1
Buoyancy Factor
Directional Drilling
BF = 1 MW
65.4
BF = 1 SGmud
7.85
where : MW (lb/gal)
65.4 (lb/gal)
SGmud (--)
7.85 (--)
Force Components
Weight Correction
BF = 1 MW
65.4
Buoyancy factor
Wbuoy = Wair x BF
Fa = L x Wbuoy x cos IN
Fn = L x Wbuoy x sin IN
mud weight
density of steel
specific gravity of mud
specific gravity of steel
DC
axial
Fa
WOB
normal
Fn
Fn
normal force
Fa weight on bit
weight of DC
Use only the 75-80% of the available BHA weight for WOB for keeping the neutral
point of tension within the DC column
Note !
F = L x W buoy
Faxial = 0
Fnormal = Wbuoy x sin IN
Fnormal = Wbuoy
Fn
F =
2
2
(Fa + Fn ) [ lb ]
Fa
F
Faxial = Wbuoy
Friction Force : Ff = Fnormal x ff
Page 1
2007.1
The Pendulum
Principle
Dropping Assembly
side force
1
F = W BF L sin IN
s 2 c
t
Lt
Bit
Drill collar, 30-90ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe
Page 2
2007.1
Increase stiffness
Increase bit/DC size ratio
Increase DC weight
Decrease WOB
Increase rotary speed
length of
pendulum
wellbore contact
Lt
Problems ?
This bend will cause bit to exert a side force
against the high side of the hole, resulting in
a build of angle as drilling progresses
Bit
Near-bit Stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30-90ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30-60ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe, as required
1-2 jts dc
1 jt full length dc ~ 30 ft
short dc
The increased straightness of the drill collar
string reduces or eliminates the bit tilt
Page 3
2007.1
Bit
Near-bit Stabilizer, full gauge
Short Drill collar, 6-20ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar, 30ft
String stabilizer, full gauge
Drill collar,90ft
HWDP, 90ft min.
Drill pipe, as required
The table shows the inclination and DLS values through the transitional period
30-90 ft (9-27m)
30 ft (9m)
30 ft (9m)
5-20 ft
1.5~20m
30 ft (9m)
30 ft (9m)
30-60 ft (9-18m)
Page 4
2007.1
Traditional Assemblies :
straight motors or turbines with bent subs
Steerable Assemblies :
bent housing motors or turbines
Stabilized
Slick
Motor stabilizer
or bend
Bit
Theoretical DLS
Bend angle
DLS =
L2
Motor stabilizer
Curved borehole
L1
Bit
Based on the assumption that the stabilizers are full gauge, and the bend is at the
motor stabilizer
dc or nmdc
Conventional
Straight Mud Motor / Bent Sub
bent sub
Uses (straight) motor (turbine) and bent sub
Usable with single shot orientations, too
Smoothest curvature
IN = 5
IN = 35
PDM or turbine
Page 5
2.stab
UG
2007.1
1.stab
UG
nmdc
Bit
Mud motor with bent housing,
w/ sleeve stabilizer, 1/16-1/4 undergauge
String stabilizer on top of motor, 1/8-1/2 undergauge
Drill collar, or MWD hang-off collar, 30-40ft
String stabilizer, full gauge to undergauge
Drill collar, 90ft
HWDP 30-90ft
Drill pipe, as required
UG
float valve
toolface direction
Steerable Assembly
Performance
MWD
bend
control stabilizer
optional
Page 6
2007.1
2.stab
UG
bent sub
The motor toolface and bent sub scribeline has to be lined up
nmdc
UG
float valve
direction of bend on motor
toolface direction
Kick Pads
Offset Pads
nm dc
bit tilt
2.
LS pad
1.
LS
2.
LS pad
bit tilt
HS
1.
LS
Page 7
2007.1
WOB
Bit
Mud motor with bent housing, without sleeve stabilizer
Drill collar, or MWD hang-off collar, 30-40ft
Drill collar, 90ft
HWDP 30-90ft
Drill pipe, as required
Questions :
Why want we use a slick assembly ?
How can we model its directional behaviour ?
What is the problem with using it in practice ?
12 1/4"
12 1/4"
8"
12 1/4"
8"
12 1/4"
8"
8"
8"
5"
5"
Bit
Integral Blade Near-bit Stabilizer
Short Drill Collar
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar (for ESS)
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 2-4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 2 jts
Crossover Sub
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-15 jts
Drill Pipe
Note : these assemblies are actual BHAs used for drilling a North Sea
directional well
Bit
Crossover Sub
SPERRY-DRILL Mud Motor w/12 sleeve stabilizer
Integral Blade Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Hang-off Collar for DWD
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 2-4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 2 jts
Crossover Sub
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-15 jts
Drill Pipe
Page 8
2007.1
Bit
SPERRY-DRILL Mud Motor w/ 8-1/8 sleeve stabilizer
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar, 1 jt
Non-magnetic Hang-off Sub - DWD
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 4 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Drill Collar, 1 jt
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3-10 jts
Drill Pipe
8 1/2"
8 1/2"
6 1/2"
8 1/2"
6 1/2"
5"
5"
5"
6 1/2"
5"
5"
Bit
Integral Blade Near-bit Stabilizer
Non-magnetic Drill Collar, 1 jt (for ESS)
Integral Blade String Stabilizer
Drill Collar, 1 jt
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 3 jts
Drill Pipe, 1000m
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 2 jts
HMD Drilling Jar
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe, 1-8 jts
Drill Pipe
Note
The above steerable assembly would be modified as hole angle
increases, in order to keep the drill collars and the jar inside the 9
5/8" casing when drilling in the horizontal section. Drill pipe and- Hevi
Wate drill pipe would be used in the open hole as push-pipes.
-
Drillstring Sections
Effects of Gravity and Inclination
2. - Horizontal Section
3. - Lower Build Section
KOP
5
bit
PDM
MWD
drill collars
HWDP
drillpipe
Drillstring Configurations
NORMAL
INVERTED
Questions :
When should we invert the drillstring ?
Where to put the drill collars and HWDP ?
Page 9
2007.1
References
API Spec 5D
Specification for Drill Pipe
API Spec 7
Specification for Rotary Drill Stem Elements
API Rp 7G
Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating
Limits
FO-GL-HES-SDS-407
for alerting, when a BHA is currently / has been operated outside the
specifications given in the contract
Page 10