C F .

d r

41. Evaluate

from t = 0 to t = 2.

where

= (x - 3y) i + (y - 2x) j and C is the closed curve in the xy plane, x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t

( Ans. 6, if C is traversed in the positive (counterclockwise) direction.)

x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t are parametric equations of an ellipse with semi major axis a = 3 and semi minor axis b = 2.Ellipse is a simple
closed curve and we traverse it in counterclockwise direction. ( Remember : Counterclockwise direction is taken positive and clockwise
direction is taken negative.This is the convention.) For circle and ellipse parameter t is angle measured from positive x-axis in
counterclockwise direction.

C F . d r =C [( x3y) i +( y2x) j]. (dx i +dy j)

put

x = 2 cost
dx = -2sint dt

C ( x3y )dx+( y2x) dy

and y = 3sint When you traverse ellipse once , t changes from t = 0 to t = 2

dy = 3costdt

(t=2 )

C F . d r =(t=0) [(2cost3(3sint))(2sint dt )+(3sint2( 2cost))3cost dt]

(2 )
(2 )
2
2
2
2
= 0 [4sint cost+18sin t+9sintcost12cos t]dt = 0 [5sint cost +18sin t12cos t ]dt
(2 )
(1cos 2t)
(1+cos2t )
12
]dt
= [5sint cost +18
0
2
2
=

(2 )

[5sint cost +9(1cos 2t)6(1+cos2t)]dt =

(2 )

[5sint cost +99cos 2t6+6cos2t]dt

(2 )
(sin 2 t ) (sin 2t)
3
+3t]
2
2
0
5
3
5
3
2
= [ (sin (2 )) (sin 2 (2 ))+3(2 )][0] = [ (0) (0)+6 ] = 6
2
2
2
2
2
. d r around the triangle C of Figure 1, (a) in the indicated direction, (b)
43. If
F =(2x + y ) i+(3y4x) j , evaluate C F

(2 )

[5sint cost3cos 2t +3] dt = [5

Ans. (a) - 14/3 (b) 14/3

opposite to the indicated direction.

The problem is two dimentional as there is no k-component in Force field.

C F . d r =C [( 2x+ y 2) i +(3y4x) j ] .(dx i +dy j)

C (2x+ y 2 )dx+(3y4x)dy

----------------> ( 1 )

FROM ( 0 , 0 ) TO ( 2 , 0 ) :
x changes from x = 0 to x = 2 , y = 0 => dy = 0 then ( 1 ) becomes

C F . d r =C (2x+ y 2)dx+(3y4x) dy

(x=2)

(x=0) (2x+( 0)2) dx+(3(0)4x)(0)

FROM ( 2 , 0 ) TO ( 2 , 1 ) :
y changes from y = 0 to y = 1 , x = 2 => dx = 0 , put in (1)

0 2x dx=[ x 2 ]20

=4

C F . d r =C ( 2x+ y 2) dx+(3y4x)dy
=

0 (3y8)dy =[

(y=1)

(y=0) (2 (2)+ y 2 )(0)+(3y4 (2)) dy

1
(316) 13
3
3y2
=
8y ] = [ 8][0 ]=
2
2
2
2
0

FROM ( 2 , 1 ) TO ( 0 , 0 ) :
The equation of line joining (2 , 1 ) to ( 0, 0 ) is

( y y 1) ( xx 1)
( y1) (x2)
( y1) ( x2)
=
=
=>
=>
=> 2( y1)=1( x2)
=
(01) (02)
1
2
( y 2y 1 ) ( x 2x1 )
1
=> 2y+2=x+2 => y= x
2
1
1
So parametric equations are put x = t then y= t so dx = dt and dy= dt .For ( 2 , 1) t = 2 , For (0 , 0) t =0 i.e t changes
2
2

from t = 2 to t= 0.Now Evaluate ( 1 )

C F . d r =C ( 2x+ y 2) dx+(3y4x) dy =

(t =2) (2t +( 12 t) )dt+(3( 12 t )4t ) 12 dt

(t =0)

0 1 2
1 2 3
3
1 t3 3 t 2 0
1 23 3 2
(2t+
t
+
t2t
)dt
(
t
+
t
)dt
= 2
= 2
= [
+
] = [0][
+ 2 ]
4
4
4
4
4 3 4 2 2
4 3 8
[4+9 ] 13
18 3
2 3
+ ] = [ + ] =
= [
=
43 2
3 2
6
6
0

So the required integral along the closed curve in the indicated direction is

13

13

C F . d r =4 2 6

[ 243913] 28 14
=
=
6
6
3

14
3

A=( x y) i+(x+ y) j .

In the opposite direction only the sign will change so the answer would be
44. Evaluate

C A . d r

around the closed curve C of Fig. 2

C A . d r =C [( xy ) i +( x+ y ) j].(dx i +dy j)

(Ans. 2/3)

C ( xy )dx+( x+ y)dy

------------> ( 1 )

Along the curve y=x from ( 0 , 0 ) to ( 1 , 1 ) :

Parametric equations of this curve are put x = t then
y=t 2
For ( 0 , 0 ) t = 0 and for ( 1 , 1 ) t = 1 .Now Evaluate (1)

dy=2t dt

, dx = dt and

(t =1)

C A . d r =C ( x y)dx+( x+ y )dy = (t =0) (tt 2) dt+( t+t 2) 2t dt

1
2t 4 t 3 t 2 1
t 4 t3 t 2 1
3
2
= 0 (2t +t +t)dt = [
+ + ] = [ + + ] =
4 3 2 0
2 3 2 0
Along the curve

0 (tt 2+2t 2+2t3) dt

1 1 1
4
[ + + ][0] =
2 3 2
3

y 2=x from (1 , 1 ) to ( 0 , 0 ) :

Parametric equations of this curve are put x = t then

y 2=t =>

For ( 1 , 1 ) t = 1 and for ( 0 , 0 ) t = 0 .Now Evaluate (1)

C A . d r =C ( x y)dx+( x+ y )dy

(t =0)

dy=

y= t , dx = dt and
1

(t =1) (t t) dt+(t+ t) (2 t) dt

1
dt
( 2 t)
1

1 (t t+ 2 t+ 2 ) dt

1
( +1)

0
t2 1 1 t 2
1 1
1 1 1
2
t 2 1 1 2 (3 /2) 0
= 1 (t+ t)dt = [ + t
t ] = [0][ + ] =
] = [ + t
2 2
2 2 2 (3/2) 1
2 2 3
3
2 2 23
1
(42)
Therefore the required integral along the given closed curve is
C A . d r = 43 23 = 3 = 23
0

45. If
A = (y - 2x) i + (3x + 2y) j , compute the circulation of A about a circle C in the xy plane with center at the origin and radius 2, if
C is traversed in the positive direction.
( Ans. 8 )
A . d r
about a circle C is the line integral of
The circulation of A
A around the circle that is we need to evaluate

along the circle in counterclockwise direction.

C A . d r =C [( y2x) i +(3x+2y ) j] .(dx i +dy j)

C ( y2x ) dx+(3x+2y)dy

Parametric equations of a circle are

x = r cost and y = r sint where r is the radius so x = 2 cost and y = 2 sint then dx = -2 sint and dy = 2cost .Once around a circle in
counterclockwise direction t changes from t=0 to t= 2.So

A . d vecr =C ( y2x )dx+(3x+2y) dy

(t =2 )
= (t =0) (2sint2 (2cost))(2sintdt)+(3(2cost)+2 (2sint )) 2cost dt
(2 )
(2 )
2
2
2
2
= 0 (4sin t +8sintcost+12cos t+8sintcost) dt = 0 (4sin t+16sintcost+12cos t)dt
(2 )
(1cos2t )
(1+cos2t )
= [4
+16sintcost+12
] dt
0
2
2
=
=

55. If

(2 )

0 [2 (1cos2t)+16sintcost+6(1+cos2t)]dt
(2 )
(2 )
0 [2+2cos2t+16sintcost+6+6cos2t ] dt = 0 [4+8cos2t+16sintcost]dt

(sin2t )
(sin2 t) (2 )
2 (2 )
+16
]
= [4t+8
= [4t+4sin2t+8sin t]0
2
2 0
2
= [4(2 )+4sin2(2 )+8sin ( 2 )][ 0] = [8 +0+0]=8
2
2
=2xy z+ x y , evaluate C dr where C
2

from t=0 to t=1

(b) consists of the straight lines from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0), then to (1,1,0), and then to (1,1,1).
19 11 75
1
( Ans. (a)
i+
j+ k (b)
j +2 k )
45 15
77
2
(a) is the curve x = t,

(a)

y=t

z=t

C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i +dy j+dz k ) = 0 ( 2t (t 2)2 t 3+t 2 (t 2))(dt i + d (t 2) j+ d (t 3) k )

1
1
8
4
2
8
4
8
4
8
4
2
= 0 ( 2t +t )( dt i+2t dt j+3 t dt k ) = 0 [( 2t +t ) i+( 2t +t ) 2t j+(2t +t )3 t k ]dt
9
5
10
6
11
7
1
1
2t t
4t
t
6t
t
8
4
9
5
10
6
+2 ) j+(
+3 ) k ]
= 0 [( 2t +t ) i +( 4t +2 t ) j +(6t +3t ) k ]dt = [( + ) i +(
9 5
10
6
11
7
0
=

[(

2 1
2 1
6 3
2t t 2 10 1 6
6
3
+ ) i +( t + t ) j +( t11 + t7 ) k ] = [( + ) i+( + ) j+( + ) k ][0]
9
5
5
3
11
7
9 5
5
3
11
7
0

(10+9) (6+5) ( 42+33)

19 11 75
i+
j+
k =
i+
j+ k
45
15
77
45 15
77

=
(b)

FROM ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 0 , 0 ) :
x changes from x = 0 to x = 1 , y =0 => dy = 0 , z = 0 => dz = 0 So
(x=1)
C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i +dy j+dz k ) = (x=0) (2x (0)2 (0)+x 2 (0))( dx i +(0) j+(0)k ) =

0 (0 ) dx i

=0

FROM ( 1 , 0 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) :
y changes from y = 0 to y = 1 , x =1 => dx = 0 , z = 0 => dz = 0 So

C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i +dy j+dz k )

=

( y=1)

( y=0 ) ( 2(1) y2 (0)+(1)2 y)((0) i+dy j +(0) k ) =

0 ( y) dy j = [

2 1

y
] j
2 0

1
j
2

FROM ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 1 , 1 ) :
z changes from z = 0 to z = 1 , x =1 => dx = 0 , y = 1 => dy = 0 So
(z =1 )
C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i +dy j+dz k ) = (z =0 ) ( 2( 1)(1)2 z +(1)2( 1))((0) i+(0) j+ dz k ) =
= 2 k
Therefore along the whole curve C

56. If

F = 2y i - z j + x k , evaluate

( t=/ 2 )

C F d r =( t=0)
=

(/ 2)

y = sint
dy = cost dt

= [z 2+ z]10 k

C dr= 12 j+ 2 k

C F d r

along the curve x = cost, y = sin t, z = 2 cos t from t = 0 to t = /2.

i +dy j+dz k)
C F d r =C (2y i z j+ x k)(dx

put x = cost
dx= -sint dt

0 ( 2z+1) dz k

( Ans.

1
(2 ) i+( ) j )
4
2

z = 2cost
dz = -2sint dt

( 2sint i 2cost j+cost k )(sint dt i+cost dt j +(2sint dt ) k )

j
i

k
2sint 2cost

cost

sint dt cost dt 2sint dt

(/2)

i [4sint cost dtcos2 t dt ]j[4sin 2 t dt +sintcost dt ]+ k [2sintcost dt2sintcost dt]

0 i [4sint cost dtcos2 t dt ]j [4sin 2 t dt +sintcost dt ]

(/2)
(1+cos2t)
( 1cos2t)
0 i [4sint cost dt 2 dt ] j [4 2 dt+ sintcost dt ]

(/2)

2
(/ 2)
2
(/2)
(sin t ) 1 1 ( sin2t )
( sin2t) (sin t )
= i [4
t
] j [2t +2
+
]

2 2 2
2
2 0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
= i [ 2 (sin2 ) ( sin2 )] j [2 +(sin2 )+ (sin2 )] = i [ 2 (0 )] j [+0+ ] = (2 ) i+( ) j
2 22 4
2
2
2 2
2
4 4
2
4
2