Professional Documents
Culture Documents
~"-'
,I
BS 6500 f 1991
.Appendix G
II
tot~eat cir6uriif~rilritlai.
,1
; I
01
:i:
"
i,
:,
, '
I
\.......
I:
.,
CrfJ
:h;,!~~~~t'~sed~:et~ ~::jibld'~~~d'mbmetsapPliedto . i
CZ
~ength
:1, .IX
frfJ
.... ,
''': ",.,:
.:.
::";:f<;' :
to':~xterh8irririmeh't;':;,
<:
; :!.,
: I . ':. ~
~the numbers in square brackets use~ thr!ughout this appendix relate to the bibliographic references giveri iri d.s.
:.' .t An abbreviated procedure has been deriv~d i43].
.
.
.,'.'."
,:,
...
rotatioii6t~ fiftingb~'~H~~l~rnal'M~in~~rlln
ib
f~r
I
i
Co
"j
. I.
.'
.'
:r;
!,'
I:
10
<./;
I"
I:
thickne~s temperature
away . .
I'
\'1
,"
'. '.~ .
02~O
,\
'~fj!
." -'
I
II
.
',': K1, K2 are constants;
:.).: '? L
-,,-'
IS
La
" IM
Mx
:1
1'
.'
is
circumferential membrane force per nit
length (in N/mm);
-,
t '
x,
---
i'
CD
1/1
.:
~
('I)
,CJ
'0
.,.
co
CJ
CD
CD
"
,I, ,
,;
'
,
L
. i
-:-
':
.!
t)
. i}.
"I,
" i
,I
I
Not applicable
:,
"
--
i.
I,.
t .. -.
I"
: ~ .; i .
~r
1----
~-.-
.. "---
t-----
0281
i_
f---
"
';
"-r--r-t----- -
-..,
'
)1
iI
--1--
t;
"i
.~
---
, 0.10
1/1
I.1
I
,I
}
-./
:,1
0.15
\. I:
Ii I'::
I,
,i,
.!.
"t.
I---T---n---l I I 1 I /'
I I ;I
1\
'
'r-I- L ~I
I
t.f
'~
i ' .
...
M
-0.20 1---I'
--~--r
,i'
'
,," , r----
0.25
CD
r'i
(,!),
P9
.t.:;
a'
':,
!'-j'::
iii'
rh. i "
t/J 1
to _:
~m);
th~'
t.
if>
<:.!I'I
I,
m);
_'
100
y =
,
-
200
-4
300
"
'.'
.',
~~
.,i
.,-.,!' .
- I!
, r
j,
Ii:
".,~
:"~991 ::i~>::' ;
'1~~~~11;jan~arv l~~j
BS 5500
I;
c'
"
:','
">1'/1:" . ! .;
!,
i ': ,
distance dfrom the centre of the length bf a vessel of, 'r ",' "
length L. the deflections. bending morherts iu\d ,... !,'1 .'. ,',
I
2Cx x2C!6'
Le=L - - L
; ;..
'
L
I
Cx
r'
Cx
L
2
,'
i
,i
Fl:<s
.~
C~
i !!
[
I'
CII
Cx
;:
';
i"
;
.. 1
i1
rrn1 IHHI I
I
i-Xi
._-_.
,I
ii'
. i ' I"
I
!
'j'
'
I"~:
I .
[30J.
'!.:' ~.:i
is
.1---
, r
r ,
I.
I
i
! ,
L./~
,
:,
r\
!.
"
.. '
: I:
Ii,
, i,',
!
r-'-r-----Ll..LU..j.1JL.U1~--+--;._
_ I _ -_
_...:._
I~
I'
I!'
'i
,.
:1:
I ,.
j
1"
L-+----___-4__~"__~______~
":.'"
.,
I
Ii
I
.'i! .,
i,.i':;
L/t
./.
I L/2
I
Figure G.2(2) Vessel with radial load oot of centre
i
~I
,0282
"
,'.
;
Ii
""",
r'
,!
;\ '
"!,
~~k:,'1
, ::' \::I,I!:"
"".
.!:!..
') , !
.~.
',:
'
'
L
'I
t.orr~~~~T1l1rrrrTllrrrlrTTilrrrrtil.-rrTTTi"
I,
I,: dO. 251-+-+++-++-+-H-HH-H-H-++-H-+;-+-f+-1H-I--t-+-t-++++-H-t-if-t-l
~~~~+-l~~~~~-'d
[
,
'
.Z
.f
.3
.4
I'
i,J'
! '
lengt~ La
!
I:
i
and Cx are known, The moments and membrane forc~s
are found by interpolation from the graphscif figures: '
x ~
f.
x- ; 't!,:,
..:N
6M~
t2
C I C ! '
'
I
and M~ are positive when they cause compressIon at
I the outer surface of the shell.
I
'Mx
"
"I
\'
' I , ! ':
'.~
"
.' :.
,
,j,
2Cm
= --
1
j
i
For a radi~1 or 8 circular area of radius r0' C~ and Cx ~hould,
axial length of loaded area
2C x
X'
'I
i:
,i '
The circumferential moment M~ is foundlfrom figure '! "
G.2(5). The longitudinal moment Mx Is found from figlire I
G.2(6). The circumferential membrane force N~ is fdund ':"
from figure G.2(7). The longitudinal membrane force N x is"
found from figure G ,2(8).
"
if>
f=~'+6Mjl
~ I--,! " t2
axi,allength of load
:':
Each of the four graph~ in each set is for ~ giverival~e of' r "
the ratio 2CxlL and has curves for fout values O,f the' ratio
2Cx
j'
(Cr)J2
i'
~:\:
<
:;",:'1"
.. ,", .
.: } .:
..
"
; II,
,',
",
. ~ i ,:'
!
I
'i,l
:.. !':
"I
0283
;'.
I
I
I
"
sob
Values of
400 300
100
orr ~
.1'1
200
'j-
100
Ii"
~!
""
;l
Ii-'
....
I'
20
I
VV v
i',
"
t"
~
'I,
,
!
,
','
.~~
i-'"
"
~,'/
.,
50
1000
r -;~1;~ -t~;;~:
.,
~4 ~ (~Xr
j/~
as 5506 : 199r,:i~'{(iI'
issue HJimu8ry,1991
,
i'
i
,!
,1.0
i'
.4
.r
'.j
.1
.2
.3
!,
!i( ;!
, :!i i
ex
~ (c.),
t,
: I"
.4
;
!
" !
i:
.5
.6
.7
.S
'I
"
HI, i
'
'j
'I
i
, 1
i,
I,
'-....
I
il
! :
"IJ'
C.
,'t
I;
1
!
'j
r!:
,J::
, !
!,
"
1
I'
ji
i'\
1
I
.'
1\.
'.:'.' ,=!
1'1
I!1
\
,;.:
'Ii
:.' I
;-J "
'-_..
'I
0284
i991' .
1~,'SSU.1:'J,aryuary 1991
0.4~m-~~~~~Tm~----~---'
'2C
L
0.4
:',
1
..
.:l:).
,I'"
I-- I-
c:--
, ,,
2Cx =
Ie- I-
,i
.L
0.05
,I
;J
",
'\
, I
" C
0.'2
0.2
Cx
!:!J.
I'
,,
'\
k,,",
:, r---
I'
'"
0.1
Ii:
'\
~J
14
""
~ ~'
"
i,!
10
.\
:~
;1
lobo
100
"
0.3
,
i
, r-....
"
'I
Cx
.:
o,kI
""'\
L;
1-+~+m-.-j>-I--1-l-l-IJ.l.
FFI:mt--b-~++-HU Cx -t-H-Httl
0.2
"
"
; I
i;
"-
"
o. I
14
"-
:',
. 0.4:1
10
r-..
......
r-..
100
ii'
0.1
'"""
:.,'
2C x
..:t.._
C '-
I!i~
::1'
~-
1000
"
i,
"
100
10
I
:1....
f'--
N-
lOOp
"-
0
0.4
10
i,
f'--
"-
",I
100
;'1
,:1000
I"r
';1'
II
,
,
NOTE.64
i...(C.)
t r
2
.1
0285
Ii
Figure G.2(51 Cylindrical shells with radial load: dircumferential moment per millimetre width (see G.2.21
.': ,;;'.>
!'\~
,I
i;: i
"
':1 .
'i.
I .
I
"
:. ' :, I
--
'J
r:i'
:.!
't
:.
. .:l
, i
..
(.
C_.
;.;
'"
A4x PH4ffi--~~~1~~~H+~~~~~~~~
::
o.2 N-H-HP.-..p...f--Nf1fHf
I"
."-
-.-
, 1"-
10
100
1000
64;ey
..i
I,'
I:
! I
i;I'
'\
'
: _2_C_x ,= 0.2
;; ':A4,("'
.",
.W
i'
H-JH-HI-+4H-++HH--+-+-H~~tfj
W R='~....."".4--+-~~~H-+4'-1-14H-I<
EL
C
~PHtHi~~jl~~~I~j 0'2~il~t';;;;:;s:Ef':.ttt~a'i!l~~cam1t=E~aI5s:1
iXi2H+1-1l1I...-l
.....
'.I
!!:
i '0.1
I,
"2EEtI3E=Eill:tE
tttl:EI~~
\Z..
il!
1"1
"
"
0 .11-++f.HFr--::::::+-J-++HIfH,,-,M-M-HHIf-+-t-HtttHl-'--t-H
.....
l"";
10
,4
[", !
100iI
:1000
10
, .. ; .
"-
1"-
o.mIl=jMe,r--..tmm~
!I ; " 0:4
'.:~;
.1.
"
, l'
I'
I,. .
"
.!; .
'-',
M.
:!
t-...
100
i
,J
.;
~,
:1
:'
I'
1000
.,
I,:
f (~Xr
G.~(4)'
" .
I
.
:
i'Figure G.2(6) Cylindrical she"~ wi-ih r~dlalload: longitudinal moment per millimetre width (see G.2,2)
)'JOTE.64
I:
! ~;~
\. ,:
,\-
,:\
\~,
'
,~ r i
'I
:1
.1'
,'::
! \
0286
."' ....
BS 5500 :,1991
Issue January 1991
1,
.x:.
,I
':'\'I
'I
'i\'
1
i'
-0.3
!
-
'!!i.
2Cx . =
'C
'.'1.
.'
-0.3I--tltlll--+__
~.
'
-"-
-0.'2
~~m=+4~~~++rnm
10.01
- I--- -~.
..
:.
=O.O~
2Cx
L
,,' .' j
,:,.
''!i
-- - -
"-
I;
--
"
-- -:
c1J
cK
-"
--0.1
..",
'""
i
i
1'+
!' ,.
, -I-
"-
- - -
o0.4'
.
10
.i i ~
64
I ':, ,
1000 .
100
.~
~(CX)2
i
!
t. r
i'
-0.3
!
i
--
-,
.-
iCx
-...
-.
"-
~ ~,'-1\
~
,, ,
.2C~= 0.4' ,
. L
.:
-'L
'"-0.'2
i
=i.2
,
-r--~
--
>,
!i
--+
CK
.'\
'\
~
,'>c
L.....
.4
.......
0.4
10
100
.;;;:
1000
iI
!
'"
"
NOTE. 64,
'.
, i
(ex)
!...
t r
"
j
2
I'i',
:,'l
,
,I.
"
'I~
Figure ~.2(71 Cylindricai shells with radialload circumferential membrane force per millimet~e "':',idth (Ser G.2.2~
0287
'ii.
':
"
11,
',h:
I!.
,.;
i
'.-
.t
.. ~ ~:
.,I
,1
- ._--
: ;,
,
i' ;
'I
. It
,"
.
'
:1'
IJ
..... ,
......'
1_-
i] :,
I:;
L
l!isu~' 1j
,h
;,
"
C/ ;'
I' ,
),
- 0 Z r"'1'Tmr---r..,.-,rm'TTf"'-r-r"l..,."TIT"'-r--r'--------.
0
~- L..- 2Cx
= 0.0
L
-O.IS
,'~I
I, "
,! " 'i,);,)~/
~,Ii
-o.z
I \':
!,
I,'
;; , : ,I
""t"
+PC
,
'"
'
Januaryt 99t
"
Nxt
......
"-
......
-0.1
r j
,
4.
-0.05
t,
,',
1,\
0.4
10
lOp
'"
:.Ii
'\
1000
!.
)2 i
'I,
64 !JCx
t~r
'-'
I
t
I
, ,.;.:.I
I
li
x
',I
~O.l5
2Cx
L
= 0.2
t-..
L
I
II.
-0. I
',"'-
Nxt
,w
-0005
1/
1/
./ V
r//
l".
>I
14
I>--
t---
1000
1000
0.4
t,
I
,[
',NOTE.64
f(~x)2 iSfoundfromfigUre~.2(4).
I
I,'
l,
'I
I;}~')
,:
I;
ii,{\i
;, II ~igUre G02(S) Cylindrical shells Wit~ radial load: longitudinal membrane force per millimetre ~idth /S~dtG02.2)
[;
" i
,.
i
i
',"~I
,
i
~\ :
"
~
,!
I
:'
: ~,:
I,
I
"
f.
\!
j::
II:
!.;
;,
",
"
, ,
('--"
;',
! :~.
:,
~
','
':,.
l'
f i
:.t-.'
sJ :i9~'1
8S
I:'
Ii .~
ii, \
"
, F' r'i;~'
, If
.1' ,~I
" I
:\', I
"
.~
. This happens:
, .
'"
'j
gen~r?'
loa~
' In
the effect of cine
at the position 0 an'other
can be disregarded when the distance between fhe
centres of the loaded areas Is greater than K, C>
loads
separated circumferentially or K2 Cx for loads se~arated,
axially, whereK, and K2 are found from tap Ie G'4. 2.2 and
Cfl and C~ are for the greater load.
lor
I
I
0.4
.: i
I;,
.!
10
;
i
200
"
-L
K,
0.01
0.05
0.2
0.4
:0.01
0.05
0.2
0.4
; 0.Q1
0.05
0.2
0.4
,i
f
~'
, 'I
::
:'
3200
6
3
1.5
8
8
Negligible
I
r
!,
i'
}
, !
.!
'
'
i
2
'---
I,
(~J)
l ;;
G.2(S)~
(~lrICx +Z -
N,
of 'he non-dimensional factor 64;
can be found from figure G.2(4).
2.5
2.5
1.75
Negligible
I'
'fT\
.\.;j,"
All values
T~e il8lu~
, r r
K2
2.5
1.5
1.5
:"
2Cx
.11.'
, : rii;'-~'
When the centre of the load is away from the mid length :
of the cylinder, the equivalent length L , found as in i
;;
e
G.2.2.1, should be substituted for L in all cases. '; , :
\.,
;:J~'
)
I:
".
!. ~\
,i '
I,
", i
'!
,I
i.l.
"
"
. r:,'
"
.~
'1..'.
Ii
.",
.':
::-", >-:-: .
. ~-:. ":.
r"'
'.
!5 Ii I i
'-,'-:;;-,~ti;t:~~~:,_
.,. ~-"-'-'
.~.- ~---
('
-.------:-;:.-.;....--~-.-
0.5, I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I
Z
II ~
: I I I I I 1'1 I' FI I I
0.4,~ I
0.:5
:':
I I I
I I I
t
Iii
~--$---
(C.)2 _0.4
64 r
iii
Iii
Iii
~1
Circumferential
moment per
unit length at
I 'K Y); I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
A=Mr/J
._,
--
- -."
--
(a)
.
M
r:;;;;
~
I I
0.1
~o
,,
W
for changes of
2C
-U.l'
.........
o
I II
>51 i '"
k I
II
..
I 'k. I 12C.
10
0.05
~'
,'CJ'='.
0
)5
. <t,
\j~~..:3
4..:
,
,
~.
-N
CD
....-_;--l~'-~,...'
",,,,$I)
c:~.
--
(I).,Ul
::...;.:Ul.
f/J,r
..
""6
- --
.-
.1
10
-o.os
e"
-.... .....
~ ""-"-"'-...:..
................
. ~g
3'
G.2(9, Ci~cumferential be~din9' ~~'ment due to a radial line load vii-ri'ation round circumference (see G.2.2.2.1,
. 0 ..
.
..-!
Cx .
'0
d:
:::t:I
f/J,r
Cx
( )2'
r
, t
;;;::"01
~
-l)-;4I;,-
.I~
~ (~xJ
64
64!...
L
is small for
these values of
IZ
10
-,
The variation of
W
~T
.........
'1
-.-.
.... ....:'." ..
."
~-
&i'
..,
CD
CO"
-~ .... :::);~t:Ei-~~~
\'
\'
\,i
','
,i
"
L6ngitudinal
moment per unit
circu~ference at
.t::p
A
A =Mx
(a),
0.2
+ 0.2
Mx
I\
2Cx
l\
0.15
0.0
+0.15
1
\
1
1
0.1
i
I
'
64
7(~xr
Mx
1\
0.05
+ O. I
+0.05
I,
2C
,t (e,
Forthese values of 64 -
12
ex
10
I'
iI'
8,
',--"
O.~
i,
'
is small
,
:
o
:
,
,
200
; }f!
_.
jil'
;ex
1
!1
-0:05
.0,
"" :
'!"
Flg",e
~.~I
""'1"""
I
'
j: :,.
.',:
'I
iI, i
Yo
I
II,
l'
I
'I'
,
! ,
"
i,
I,'
'-./
.... __ . ~:-".~~S:--2~!~:,~.~~::-.:.:._
-._:;::::~~" _ _-:::z-~-.:._
',.,' -:
r' '
,--'
'C'
.
'. . - . "f "N(jt
Th e variation 0 - W
2C
for changes of __
x
L
-0.25,rT;;T'-T;-r'-,,-r'-rT-'T;~----------------'
~ (~xy
64
0, 2r-.-:-,......-r-,-rrTT""T'1
-0 .IS
N(jt
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I D N;J
).1751
0.151 : I I I ! ! I I I
1
).1251 :
~<!
: 1 ! ! I I ! II
: : : : 1\:
~.:
i:
-0.
; I
I ! ! I : I I I I : I : I'd I I I : I
1! 111111 i II m1tH4'~"II"II
~ !! ,
IIIIII2 !'II !4g.~!
! ! ! I ! I! 11J1tt1
00
,
6
8
10
12
05
-----,-----,,------Circumferential
membrane force
per unit length at
A =N",
9,r
0.101
ex
).0751:::1: 1111 ! I
o.osl
! I 1t 1 I
III
64~, (~~
' I I
I:
,d" i I
I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I 1-
1I I I I 1I N I I I I
I I
0
.
1- 0
'.-"-'-"--
JU"'~~o
.<
,';_
,: __
.--,-
-"
"
~':"";,".,
, ...... ,..."
o
-~
~'8-....
':;:,
~-
_:.:....;...,....;:.~-1.:=.::.:.~,_".A'-
G.2( 11) Circumferential membrane force from radial line load variation round circumference (see G.2.2.2. 1)
,['\~~
_01
..
nese charts
apply in any 'consistent svStem of units.'
,-:
..:..:.~,
.-
- \~i~:-~,~:~ .~-~r~
..
""",'
,',
~~-::-. -~ ~- ,~
,.-.
~:':,/:::
00';1991
!,
1;, January 1991
j
'I',
I,
-0.2
!'
,-
.
3..c.
--
t
.
. :::::
- --
"L
(~'i1
64~~
- -
-0.1 S
\
\i
L
6.01
i ..
,,
!
,
,i,
'"
, '
-0.2
'
= 0.4
'
-0. I
64
~t (&)2
=:;ld:
'r
i
. __ .
I ;I
-0. 151-1:"Id~H-.,..L.....-4+r-T'"'T-r""-"r:-',...,.i""-r-r'.,''"""r'r-I
-- _. ! .. -
H'.d-~+-t-t-t. 2C.
-0.05
i"- 0 . 11-I'~f-+-H~H-++-+-H--H-t-t+-H~+t+1
.,
i:
N'i,t
,Nxt
I'
,\j
'\
"
-0.05r1'~f-+-~-+-H-~~H--H-t-t+-H~t+1
-0.05
0.2
,o.~
91'
C.
+0.05
0
10
12
-I-----t-- --'-f---f-t-'.
';!
,,
'
T,
Longitudinal
membrane force
per unit ci rcumference
atA=N.
"
"
-0.05
;
-0.1 5
Nxt
(a)
i:!
"
--
.:>S
"1-J
'1-.
'1-t"
3200
0.4
I
0.5
1.5
l ' H--H'-l-+-I
--I ',Cx
2.5
3.5
4,
:I
"1
-0.05
::j
64 ~
t
j:
!
..
','j .
)2 = :
L.,~
0.2
+0.05
0
'e
64 ~
t
I
I
1
,,
-0. I
2Cx
,:
'
2Cx
L
(~xr = 200
,-)
,
,',
.01
j'
, I
i: " i
.i
'l-..
,!
.0
. j'
iI'
"
. ~ +0.05 ,
0
;~:
11;
ex
V
' I
,i
'"
,;
i '
'r! "
d..
I " ,
!:
!
i' :
\~1' .Figure G:~(1'2' Longitudinal membrane force fro!m radiai line load variation round circumference (see G.2.2:i.1,' i
:1,;'
:ic'
02'913
':
i'
I:'
I'
:1,'
,i
'r
'j'
I,
,:',: i
, I'
:'
i~
"
j'
'
c-;;~ ~e
'
or
'
\I
,
!!J.. ' 6
, circumferential stressJ", =
".i
longitudinal stress, fx = Nx
t
t.
, 6MxJ
t2
I.
, ; :!
':
Ii
. :.
" : J:
iii
"':ii:l'/i ,:.,
the edge of ~he loa~ f~und fro~ ~iguref ~,2l51. G.2(6).:/, i"
G.2(7) and G.2(8), I.e. In the ratio.
' ",'
'.
,
r ;', "
I"
value for actual C",ICx
' . ; ! I
"
value forC",ICx=O
.~-
"'
'I
l "
,/
C",=Cx=150mm;r=1250mm;rltbl04;
i'
Cxlr= 0.1 i; 2CxlL 0.05; xl,Cx 4 Ii, : ! '
For a line load, interpolating In figure G.21 13):'
M",IW=0.054atxICx =4
' ;.
!
,!;
I
:
ii,
300 mm
i ': ' !
, 0072'
i
Mt/JIWatx=0.054x-,-=0.025'
0.153
:. the circumferential moment atx=O,025W '
i,
I!
,
,
I'
"
I'
i ,
I
1:
'i
~ : Ii:
I'
f.~.1
i ::i;
;Ii
I ':'
Ii
;,
'-.j
'/
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.:
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, ,I.,
l
:.
,, ,
'
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j"
i!
'
,I,'
,,
'
!"
"
" i
,'I;
"---":"
.......:.- .. :-:;"-
;;;tD
64't
t-+-
_-"-:.:." .. _ O.
2ex
'L
(C')' _- -
-,--,:-~
-. . 0.4
- -:.-.--
:1_
"<
......
I"l-
o ,1!)
F=
"
0.4
~.~~
'O"'K\
X
H
'i..
()
co
......
Circumferential moment
per unit length at A= Mf)
'i..
~-
co
co
(al
.C
.2
g----
c: co
o. 2
o
C11
.1- ...
M,;
W
(I)
=~L
..-
o. 3
CD
ex
o.
----------M"o
0.2
0.4
,~
.r.:ff-
64!:.. (ex
t
r
1\
~L
. -
--
.....
.'
_. -'
= 200
o. :;
0.25
0.2
x
-ex
.... 1-
2C
0.J5
M,;
0.075,
W
0.1
r-t.
4
64 ~ ~xr = 3200
.Ot
0.05
-0.2
.4
0.05
MrIJ
t--
0.05
l""-
0.025
'"-
.--00
00
c."
._0.5-.__
..
.,"_ _ I.S
--.:.-----~~.~.
2.
2.5
.. ;...~~-.
Figure G.2(13) Circumferential bending inoment due to a radial line load ~!.ria~o!" along cynnde~ (sl!.e G~)
..,.
.. ~
..!...-.:~-:-....::.....
----c
".-;-
(.::
-(
'--
o
~:'-'
_.
N
'C,D.:,
C.Jl
.~.
/'
.. _._ . ~...:._~~~~:_i:.~___~~;_.~~-~=.
--~;~.~.~~~.:~~;~~~;=::,~-
e,.,
~-'
.::
.-,-.:. . /~-k
. .: ___ ~.~:,::'i-.;-~~;t:.~~
iI
'I!
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L _.
_ O. 0 1 ....
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~'I!
r.'
1-
I I
.1
.j
I'
..fj
r.]
; ! .
I .~
II .
A-
,-,-.,.....-.-r-r--r-r-,-,,-,--.,-,--r--,
......
,I
0, 3
i: . 0 175
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J("
.J
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-I-
,!
)2 '
i" .
I,
..!..'
o,15 1-+--++-lIH-I-+-++++~-H
-+-~-+-H-+-li
o.125 1-+---+-+-IIl-+++--I-if-++++-l!
.1
H-~H--IH"'~~+44-++-+-~i
r-~~4"1~~+1~++1-t4,
,.
iI '~
o.10 1-+--++-lHI-1H-++++--I-iH
~"
I':
.)
Mx
ex
64:'
t
W
O. 075 H--+-H-\H-HrH-+-++-+~
;1.
2 ==
10
II
I
I~
:w
o.05 H--r-+-I-H-'-/-\tIM-1H-t-++-lfH-t-I--H-I-t-++t+-t-H
~-H-I-++-lt-'I:-'r-H-t-t 2C 1f-+-lH'--l-++-+-I+H-+-~
II
I
.r
H-+-H-+-I~~~~-++~~~~~~~+-l-~++~
;f-:
I : , 0 02 51+-H-l-1++-+-HH'-~~~~'" bl!-+-+O-L.0-'-5-L-L1-.1-1-~.I-+~+-H-l-
I,",
:C!
-+-+--1-+-1--1
I.
: I"
. 0.2!
o.4 Ii-,i-t--t-='1"'i-I=:A="'I-+4=j,=I::::l
1-++.1-++-1 Cx
, 4
,;
.r:
.. ,\ i.
(:
u
ji
I'
(a)
-+-l---~
I::
at
I
I
f:
'1
:'J
"'
:.;
0.05
0.025
64 ~ (~xl
j
I:
, . : 0.04
:\:
0.03
Mx
-1\
"W
2Cx
64
~
t
6.02
i,:
1:
Cx
i/o
I'
"t'-
0,2
--
I]::
0.4 I ~
I
31
.- ---
-4
0.005
-
.--
r-::::
:'
.-
r\
I~
0.05
I:
,2Cx
. ~
=0.01;I,
.
~re dose to
"
those for
l
.2Cx i: 0.05
i:
-- .... ~ 1-1-l-ll~:~If-I--'~H
I- ~ = _. _c - -=~ 1'\
:..
I'" r:. "
I- C
~.~ -I-4-.i.H--I-iI-l"~~-I
OLL__X
-L~JJ-L~~J-~~~~~~
i'
NOTE. These charts apply in any consislent system of units.
..
I-
oo
"-
H-+-~-l-\I"-"--I--+--II- 2Clc
1---I--+--I-I-A\.Io..[\'~,"\---+--IH~~
H-+-+-.l--W~..lJI.
Mx
W
0]
'Fi9U,. G.2(14)
0.015
(~~r = 200
0.01
1\
! ,
,,
=3200
Values for
, I,
!\.
I-
, i
i ji , 0.01
0.02
2' j
,
..
I' :
' ; : 1 : .i .
Long',ud'n.' momrn, d~. '0' "d'.1 lin. lo.d ..".tlon ,'ong"""nJ.i I ,G~~..2~ , """ .. ,'
I I
i,
0:296
~;.
liIIIIIIIIIII12Cx\
64 rt' (Cr
)2 ~~.4 I
-;;;aJ
-o.en.
.-
I I I I I I I II I I i I I:
.... ::.:...
(.e =
.. -.r. . , . -" . --:
x
.64!.
_..
200"
0"1
-~ - 0
""L.. 0
:E .co;;;
IIIII H
en
aI
II>
- o.osl ! I I I 1\lA I I I I
1 1 I i i I 1 I i i I" 1 1 I
) 2
_._ .... U1
II>
...
co
-<
.co
co
~'Oi
IIIII:~:' I I I I I I I I
01111111\\1111 vllllllllllll1
! ,
,21 I II I N
I I III I I
7.
-0
~\\
64!:.. ( Cx)
t ~ r
= 10
.11 I I I I I I I I Pi".: I I I I
-0.
NIIJ
+0.
'2
4~
+0
s ... .
4"
~.)'- 3200
2Cxlr;4-l-++"HITJ~
J +4-+"HiT I.J
H
r-
0.2
t:::
-4
x r--r...!..J..
~B-=-x
1.
o
..
2
(a)
.' __ S
,.. .
~-!":.'=--~
..
)S
l'
(C)2 > 10
0.4,
64 ; (
-H
'f':
=0.05 when 64 -r
1.
r-t
~.
I I II III 12Cxb!ll~~.9*ii~.41111111
01,
10
,"
T"\
..,.
G.2( 15) Circumferentiai membrane force due to a radial line loadvariationa1ong cylinder (see G.2.2.Z.2)
r:r,
('
'-
0-~~
CD
-..J
.-
- ..
~.-
...- ....
~,,",-~-.--:=._~.I:
. ..
.,....~~4:\'./::
-~~~;~~i~~i:~I~~
, ,
as 5500': 1991::
'.
,i: '
L
-
001
64
~ ( ~Xr = 0.4
.
0.05
i
I,
(a)
I'-..
:'1
'\
-I~
:
"!.i
- -
I!
I
'j
,jl
200
, k.t (Cx)2'=
'r
64,
J'I\ -,' ~,
~i~
2Cx
I-++++-I\-+IP'I
Cx
H-Hi-l-HI-'\-lrl-H
10 '
-_
_ ,'. _
....,
1-++
"-+-t-t-t-'H-l-t-t-+++++-H
- 0 . 1 H-H-IHHrl'j\-'tl\-M++
+\t\H\t-1~ 0.01
I-+~~-\I
1\
1\ . '"
-t-l-H-+-f-r+-f-i~+-++1~
'"
~~--
~.
II
'1
- 0.075 H--H-H--t\-<f-+-H-M-+t-.H-t-I-I-'f-I-t+++-H-t-H
nj\
t<;"~!'s
'
N x t . -,
f'< -O.O~~F "
~ . 05 H-t--t--t-t-'
+\
-~ O. 2~ -
- ,_ ..
"t--I::-t-t--t-t-I-H
- - - - .f-H'++-lIr~-1'
2Cx ~+-HH--j-+l.HH--j-
- .15 H-H\tH->.,H.,=,L-+-1--1-++-1-+'+-+'--j-'-j--+',.
LL-'--L.1L<-Ll.l
-0.125
.1 -
. _-.-- --- .
Nxt
, . W i \ -', --1\
' I - O. 1 ~-I--HtH-+++'t-++-I'rt-H-4-4-4-4-H- f-11-H
- 0.1
1\
t
- O. 075 H-++++-lH-Hf-I-I-P-l+-I-+-+"'l.,...f--f-t
,1.
i
, .;.;05 H-H1\++-H-lI\r+-:f-I-++++++"k+-H-HH-l
-0.05
I-+++++-+-+-HH\-H-++++++-H-I-I-+-H
I-f-++-+-+-ft-I 0i 4 -I-i-ft.-I-f-H
;Cx
, 0 L.J..-'-'-'-.J.....LLLJ'-1-..L.J.-.Ll.J-L....L...I-+---'-...L..J.-L-.l..-.LJ
o
.~'
2Cx
0.05
N
10
, 0.Q5
"
_ _:'i:::
-;- L:
.2
-0.025
x
2C~: i= 0.01
L'
2Cx.
'I
Ii'
- 0.025
t r
Values for;
i;
~ --
- 0.075
Nxt
f'-
i'
(Cxy =3200
'
'M L
i
~,
Cx
1\-
i"
o~t
'l
,
.::>.
.
r--
--
.,
'~ i'"
0298
..
.-'-
,!
Figure G.2(16) longitudinal membrdne force due to a radia'lin~ Imln " .. ri ... ;nn ~In" __ 1:_ .... __ '_:.
-_.
t,
I,,"~
as 5500 : 1991
1';\
:;: ;,I!
:i \
r"
to
, ',!y
"!',
th~
Ib) findihg
rotation of a branch due to a mo ent
applied by a pipe connected to it. (See G.2.3,) ,
!,
'"
"
,\ ,
,\i'
,I
F,O~
',",",':
a IOa,d :ou't of centre, L'is th, e equivalent length
; ,aslnG.2.2.1.
,
, '
'
4eI found
!,
"':
':
'I
, ii
.;
,'i':! ,. ~':
j:
I: :
~.!
, ,
'
,. f
---'-,
for
, C1 =:..JC",Cx When Cx
> C'"
", (G.1)
'/,!
'.",1'
i' (G.~)
':, '
"
'.
"I,
/'
"
'i
,,
, j.
I.
,i. I
I
1
I,
i!'
I, I
'.
j'
[ :
I'i,
,
"
,: "I.
,
[ ,[I
i ,[
!
I
"j
'
,,
,.
,:1 I":;':.,,
i:
" 'I
,
,
, i
. r
"
. "i
::,
, !
"I!
l
L!
: I
"
:/: 'j
'
, " t'Vt:.,
t:o
'
~:
'l'
-,
:....~.,.
-:c:
~ '7000~~'~~""~"i"~~O::'>~~~8~~$~~~t~t~~~
6000
.~..
5000
r'
r'"
I..
,~.~~.,~.."",;, ':'i.)0:.~~;,'":~~~:-;:
:,",-
4~
..70000
~--
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1 "\
50000)
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40000')
1\ \
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:!i
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~:llllr 1,lIIIlfflll
/. /,
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8000
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less than 40
t.
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--+-----l2 s;:x:s-I
4
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'....d
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....
.,.
9000
k.
u~
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; / It
. Y
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.100'
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15000)
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500(//
6
5
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a -r
._-
40
30
20
IS
60000
.~-.:~.~_:.~
."..
'._ .. _ - ' :
:'-~~---"
. ".;p"
..
co
-< ...
:'_:'~~:';':':" .'.0:
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400000
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150000
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100 000
90000
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.-
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:/ :/v
:/
.- .- ~
50000
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40
l
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i
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10 /----4r----'t----i
8 f-t--\----i
!
L
(a)
(; 1-t---\-1;
5 f--+----''l'l
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100
II
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r- !-
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,
;
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;
-.-.; i
i
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fL
J;
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i,
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1.0
!
O.B
t~
",
1,'JaNUarv ,1991
I:
0.6
"
0.5
"
,~
0.25
0.2
............-
f-"
,i
I'
"
-,
0.06
, :i '
.~
.;
I:
i
i
0.3
0.4
,0.6
O.B
,i
1.0
:i i
,
, I
6.0
5.0
S
Cx
I,
4.0
2.5
2.0
i /,
1 -.
~i:
17
3.0
1.5
,
:
'
'
!
!
2.0
3.0!
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
"
C:
! ,',
,; ii'..
,'I
x'
I
,.
I 'i..,'
" Figure G.2(19) Graphs for finding the square 2C 1 x 2C 1 equivalent to a rectangular loading ar~a 2C 2C~
x,
!',
I"
: ii,
,
i!
I:, '
;.
"
~.
"
,I
I,
,i
!,. ,";
; j'"",!.
",:
: I
:I
;I
B.O
;
,
:!
10.0
'r
"
,i
!
i
,(a) When C9 is less than Cx
--- 'I
1;:
i
115
0.08 0.1
-,
I
I
"'I
,I
,0.15
";',11
"
, ,
1I::':1
:1',
Vi
0.1
0.04
./
V . . /'"
/"
./
I,
Ii
: ' ii'
Ir
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~-.
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I:
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I;,
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BS 5500 : 1991
,Issue ~,:J~lr1u~ry 1991
"
or'
~he
(1'
'In additio,n.
ratios CO,/2r (G.2.3.1) and CfJlr .2.3.2; ,
should hot exceed those given in figure G.2(0). d pending
\" '"Ion the value of rlt forthe vessels.
,
,I
',J
,,::'
j'
, : ; ;"
! I: i':
:',f
"
t.
Ii
,"
",
not
1i
::
,'
i! '
I'.'
t!
, !
'
:1
T.5M.
W' = - actmg
1I ,I,CO
'i
,I
i: :
where
2' C'"
x
,~
!~,
~:;
:".:,
:'''.
'2Co , i f
:
-,- bi3tween centres. For a round branch Co= 1.7ro =2C '
x
'3 i "
1
G.2.3.2 Longitudinal moments. Similarly. a longitljdinal
moment. applied to an area 2CfJ x Cz (see figure q.2(21 II is
resolved into two opposed loads:
I
'
'w = t:5M.
- acting
Cz
. .
I'
z
where Cx = C which are separated by a distance of
2Cz '
'
c~
'
,i
:
3,~~ween centres. Fora round branchCz ::: 1.7ro =2CJ.
, I:
:,
MJ
Ii
'. r
I
; ;,1
y.
=M\tl-Mo2
NJ = N~l'::'N2
N x == Nxl :-Nx2
0303
C_ __ ~
. L ___
J",. ..
..
,.
'
2C z /3.-----l" ., I.
SC
)(
I~
!
. I
,.'r
I'
I;
L,
I '
I
i'
I'
1.J!....
=Z.
ex
' "Ii
'r!
I.
MX3
3dj f
.
f' I
, = -C- or a cIrcum erentla moment r
: '" I
o
d
ii=
.
,
Cz
. I
1.5M
d W
te eqUlva ent oa s
1.5M
= - - or - i - - acting on an
Co
Cz
area of 2C x 2Cx as defined in figure G2(20) or G2(21); ii,'
is found from figures G.21 17) and G.2( l:B).
!
i
I
0.16
G,2/6) .
G.2(7)
-0.17
G.2(8)
Cx
'I
E.t = ~ = 3; Cx = ~ = 0.04
2Cx
i"
:! 1",;';7=
1250
2 x 50
-~::0.824
,I
':1
M
. .'
:.c.:.E = + 0.065 x 0.353 = 0.023
W
,'.
:j
, I
:I
;1,
'.
,,:
:'1
I.
Nx1 tIW=-0.14..
i,
M = W
Mx= W
(MXl
W
~ MX2_)
~565010~076-'-" 0.0057)
w;
"~
W (Nlt
t
if.
,.
~ Np2t_)
;\
W)
=470x(-0.1765)=-83N/mm,
Ii
."
j:
. '1
0.470
;
", -O.t)
=0.025
4000
I I'
(,0..155 =0.861
":'0.18
,
!
}?16
-O.lB
1'/.
I", 0076
'!E!.
,,!
... ,,:
_ 0 353
:~~0.255 -
Hence
:, i,.\
:'1
'
value 'O!.",1C." 0
~:i .0.09
G:2(5)
ICx/r)~
! [ '
[.,
I"
!
~
.
I
?~ 4: 0.07)
Maximum circumferentiai and longitudinal stresses can then be determined in accordance with G.2.2.1:.2. These
will appear as both comptessive and tensile stresses
depending on which edge ofthe loaded area 's 'being
considered..
" j.".'
Circumferential stress =
!!.. 6M~
t,
t2 '
..
:,\.~.
'O.;'l;'/'
:;t'
/ COrrection fliCto;",
, value fOr C,IC... 3 ..
0.255
Nx3 t .
W
, h'
Values for
C.,IC.=O
Cx
Quantity
.'i
J ,. '"
\ i ;
i: ; ,'.
.. r\'~
::~
, f,!r;~{
M93/W=O.065;Mx3/W=O.'012;N_~tIW=+O.025; i !~'
4C
Cx
1
Issue~ 1(-;/JanU8,y
i~~1
I!. j .,' .:.' .
.!.
I ;
: I:
~, BS 5~b6 !.1991rlj~i~,((
,.
0304
.j I!
---
BS S!)OO 1991
Issue'l,'Januarv 1991
.. , I:' : .
','
, i
Load case:
.;
I
,I
.' i ;
1 :
I:
'x
.,
Shell thickness
Shell length
t=
L=
C(J= 1.7ro=
(.~ =0. 85ro=
,j
Monient
Me=o
:I,
For nozile or
circular pod
ro =
\.
1.5M~ =
C
_...,
Co=circumferentialle?gth =
Cx = y. (axial length) = !
W=
-=
. i
J r
o. (see ,NOTE 11
[
i--=
r2
Co
Cx =
\=- =
r
i'
~=
2C
- -x=
Cx
I.
WithE! as above
Cx
'0
!PI'
N",lt
W
z=
,Mx1
'--=
W
M9Il
W
!Pi'
Cx
_PJ!...
Cx
"
'
O'
I'
:~ 1..
i'
!plr.!.;
---,
Cx
!. ..
;
,.
!
With'
~' =(4C,+z)
, Cx
"
Me 2 =
W
~= W(~!L~)
Mx _ W(MXl
- - -MX2)
t2 t2 w W
1=
t2
Mx2
--=
W
,t2
:
Cx
4C!,> +z=
Nxlt
--= !
Nx2t _.
Nrpt =
W
_,W:'
...
Nx~W (Nxlt
Nx2t)
!!..i.. = W Crpl t _ Nql2t) ----t2 W
W
t
t2 W W
t
=
. =
,
~
r--~----------r---------------~--------------------------~---~--------.
Longitudinal stress
atD
'x=
Nx
(inside) ,6M.
(outside) ; t2
,.,..J
..
(inside)
(outside)
~----~~~~~--~======~~=======-~======~~~~~~~I(S99NC
--t-
Circumferential stress
F
(inside) I
atD !
t
(outside)
t2
(outside)'
L-~~_____L-_~~~~~__~====~~====~_=-=-==~~~~~_~I
From figure
ForCx
;>\ Co
G.2(19)(a)
I"
=i
Cl
-=
C(J
(J
E=
i VI
ForC",'> ex;'
'J1
From figure
G.2(19)(b)
CI
Cx
3J
' .. :
Co
.,'
_ 1 :: _ _ _'_,
j. ';,
30 1
'
(J= --,-=--~
=
. Cn
'
.0305
as 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
Suggest;~d working form
load case:
i,
r-.------.------~--._----~--------_r----------------r_--.------------_r----------------~
Sheil thickness
f=.:
t=
Shell length
Offset from centre
Moment
line d=
ML =
L=
~~----------~--------------4-------------~---------------L--------------~
For nozzle or
Nozzle mean radius
C=O.85ro =
circular p'ad
Cz = 1.7fo=
fo=
~'---------------+----------------~---------------I
['
w== 1.5M L ==
C
X
:
\,
C= Y, (circumferential length) =
Cz = aXial length =
4d 2
= C6z :~=
L;,=L - - - =
L
A (see NOTE 1.
w
-- ==
P-
Cx
r
AXIS OF
vESSEL
r-~---r-----~--+-~-------------+----------------I
Cx
64~ (~x)
La
,!;l"
2 ==
____._____________,
'--"-'it'------'--=~======~=======~
From tab!e.G.2.2.2, K2 ==
If K2 < 5.0, assume M 02 ' M X2 ' Np2 and NX2 = 0
----rc----~----~~-+----~----~~--~~~--~~~~_.~--~--~~~--~
C
,
With':' as above,
Ml ==
Mxl =
Nolt =
. Nxlt =
r-~'___C_x~ _______'-+ __ ~_________~__-+~VV~________~__+-~vv~________~__+-~W~~__~~~__~
'
W\th Co =- 0
,
,
.
:.~
Mxo =
'VV
! C:;;
Mpo =
,
,
,
W:ith~= 5
. Nxot
Nol =
N ro
Nxl
Nxo
FromfigureG,2(15)
FromfigureG.2(16)
Mo
Mxl
Mxo
FromfigureG.2(13)
FromfigureG.2(14)
/l!.0J.~ =
VV
M,p3 =
Mx3 =
N,,3 t =
Nx3 t =
;--.-~
C :____.___--t----=vv~_ _ _ _ _ __I_--'-W-'----__---+__..:..:vv'----------+__..:..:W'---------~
/'
~2=Mp3 xC
VV
_M_x_2=_M_x_3 xC
VV
W
Np2t
W
= Np3t
xC
N.zt=Nd xC
VV
W
("/Xlt
Nx _ W
- - - - - - -NX2t)
-t
=
Nx
fx= ---
e NOT!: 2,)
I Circumfe63nti",; ;;tress
( at.<l,
"'-
--,-
t:
From figure
G.2(19)(a}
(outside)
N~
f _
1
---
From figure
G.2(19}(b}
1
---
Cx
____ _______
~.
E =
(inside)
(outside)
6Mx
P6Mrp
P-
C1 C,
-- =
.-
,
=
W
(inside)
(outside)
(inside)
(outside)
III =
C",
(inside)
P-
Le
['
C1
C1
--
0306
VV
=
=
Le
r
_ _ _ _- ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6,Er =
61Er
VV_ _ _=_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
J-~
o=
L -_ _
30,
Cz
= _____
.
~~
______
i
i
'6M
+ _-"-
t -
t2
Slope due to moment. For this area C/'Cx := 3, and from NOTE 2. N. and N~ are positive for tensile membrane stresses
and M. ond M~ are positive when they cause compressive
figure G.2(i9)(b)
half
. the J
. sidE! orthe equivalent square C 1 stresses on the outer surface of the shell. Stresses f. and f~ are
:::2.8Cx 140 rilm.
i
.
:
positive when tensile, and negative when compressive. This is in
accordance with G.2.2.1.2.
'In figure G.2( 17)(b):
C , lr=O."2;
Llr =3.2;
rlt
100; :
.
whemce oErlW= 17
doo
i, .
105 X 1:250
1.86 x
,,":.
Cz
3x 0.414
300
=0.004 14 radians
.
'Ct"
Gene~al.
G.2.3.5.1 .
Altl\ough th'e Ilxact location of the
stresses calculated in G.2.3.1 to G.2.3.4 is hot known the
stresses may be considered to lie Wilhin the 180 sectors
shovvn below. The sign of t:,e stress in one sector is
known to be reversed iJ;l the opposite sector.
.F71
Str~ss or one; sign
'.
i'
::'~":
.
.Iii'.,
.
.'
. ii'
-;:-.
:'. oj
' : : Ii
nM t'~ I
:, II',L
: . '. j
;"
"
,,
~
1
',.;
:r!'.'
:, f".!
,1
,i:
.. : :-'
1,1
to
f p=pDI2Tr = - '
(2) Longitudinally.
f p=pDI4Tr
=-'
(2) Longitudinally.
pD
fp= 4T' =_.
a
where
0307
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
:i
,.
'!
i: ,
.. ,'
':
I
r--
,
:
f---
'2
:3
5
6
7
8
~Q
Ie
11
!
;
12
13
14
'15
16
i7
18
1S
20
21
22
,
;
Circumferential stresses.
Radial load FR
Shell thicknessl
shell + pad thickness
Shear force Fe
a cylindrical shell
on
Load case:
Shear force h
Shelli.d .
Torsic>n nioment Mr
Design pressure
Circumferential moment Me
Longitudinal moment Ml
Yield stress
Q1
Quadrant
: ,Sunace
'
!
Inside
A
E
I
Outside
A
E
I
Q3
Q2
Inside
E
-I
Outside
Inside,
A
E
-I
-E
-E
-I
-I
Q4
Outside
inslde
Outside
-E
-E
-8
,8
-8
-8
-F
-F
-F
-F
-8
F
-J
-J
-J
-G
-G
-K
-G
-K
-G
K
G
K
C
G
-K
C
G
-K
-0
-0
-0
-H
-L
-H
-H
-L
D
-H
-D
H
-l
-L
~ ,...-
~:.
"C.:'. ;
-.-
23
24
25
26
,--:..:. -"
27
28
29
...
..
)\
30
31
,
..
"
32
33
34
_'V'fq\
f2m -
('m'
t: .. ~aximum membran~ stress intensity = maximum absolute value in rows 32, 33 and 34 =
;.:
i Allowablo stisss=.12f=
Deiete as appr~priate
j.; "
0308
Nozzle o.d./~
loaded area
aimeAsieAS'
219mm
I.
Circumferential stri.sses
:il;l!l:'., : . :i,;
:i:!:
;ls'
:1
',!
I !~
'~ 9'
".
'10
1"
~
.!
.'~
!,'
,.' ;:1::':
,.
'11':,
Radial load:
circJinferehtial moment
Lbngitudinal moment
Sub-total dGeio local loads
Ptill:i.ii ... ff. fFiilm ol:a,a.II.~I.
Sub-total (f,m)"
'.
Bending compone'\t (6M.If) due to;
Radi~i load'
'I
Circumferential moment
Longitudinal moment
Sub-total (f. b )'
r6tl1i clrcurpferentiill stress
1.3
-9.4
-7.8
-15.9
1a<l,1
107.2
1.3
-9.4
-7.8
-15.9
123,1
107.2
1.3
-9.4
7.8
-0.4
1 <liilt1.
122.7
1.3
-9.4
7.8
-0.4
1'13,1
122.7
1.3
9.4
7.8
18.5
123.1
141.6
1.3
9.4
7.8
18.5
123.1
141.6
1.3
9.4
-7.8
3.0
1:13,1
126.1
1.3
9.4
-7.8
3.0
123,1
126.1
-7.2
68.4
35.9
97.1
204.3
7.2
.-68.4
-35.9
-97.1
10.1
-7.2
68.4
-35.9
25.3
148.0
7.2
-68.4
35:9
-25.3
97.4
-7.2
-68.4
-35.9
-111.5
30.1
7.2
68.4
35.9
111.5
253.1
.-7.2
-68.4
35.9
-39.7
86.4
7.2
68.4
-35.9
39.7
165.8
1.3
-9.4
. -2.9
-11.0
123.1
112.1
1.3
-9.4
-2.9
-11.0
123.1
112.1
1.3
-9.4
2.9
-5.2
123.1
117.9
1.3
-9.4
2.9
-5.2
123.1
117.9
1.3
9.4
2.9
13.7
123.1
136.8
1.3
9.4
2.9
13.7
123.1
136.8
1.3
9.4
-2.9
7.8
123.1
130.9
1.3
9.4
-2.9
7.8
123.1
130.9
-5.1
42.5
42.1
79.5
191.6
5.1
-42.5
-42.1
-79.5
32.6
-5.1
42.5
-42.1
-4.7
113.2
5.1
-42.5
42.1
4.7
122.6
-5.1
-42.5
-42.1
-89.7
47.1
5.1
42.5
42.1
89.7
226.5
-5.1
-42.5
42.1
-5.5
125.4
5.1
42.5
-42.1
5.5
136.4
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.B
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.B
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
5.1
0.8
0.8
6.8
207.3
188.6
-lB.7
34.5
B.2
-26.2
149.3
111.9
-37.4
124.3
95.7
-2B.6
49.5
27.7
-21.7
254.8
224.9
-29.9
126.6
85.3
-41.3
167.3
134.9
-32.4
..(-.
iJij:!
'II'
.!
die to:
12
13
14
,15
16
17
Longitudinal stresses
Maximum total stress intensi,IY = maximum absolute value in rows 27, 28 and 29 = 254.8 (acceptabie).
= 2.25( = 341.1, g. at sege of a S9FRIleRSalieA Ilae!, altaeAFFleA! eF s~'!l",eFt - 2 ~
of buckling stress to
.3.3
F1ow4+ row 10 ifrow4 is compressive
Row15+ row21 if row 15 isco
81.2
6B.8
-113.0
-90.5
24.9
-9.9
090.2
-25.7
-0.5
'I','
:~;I ~ :1
:d'i
32
33
34
} not applicable
0309
BS 5500 : 1991
Issu~ 1, JanUary 1991
,.
: exam(>le B
___
:--~_+-
_________---,_______
8900000 N.mm
Designpres5ure
1.1 N/mm2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
-8.9
-8.9
-8.9
-8.9
8.9
8.9
8.9
B.9
-15.7
-22.4
105.5
83.1
-15.7
-22.4
105.5
83.1
15.7
9.0
105.5
114.5
15.7
9.0
105.5
114.5
15.7
26.8
105.5
132.3
15.7
26.8
105.5
132.,'3
-15.7
-4.6
105.5
100.9
-15.7
-4.6
105.5
100.9
-9.8
76.8
34.5
101.5
184.5
9.8
-76.8
-34.5
-101.5
-18.4
-9.8
76.8
-34.5
32.6
147.0
9.8
-76.8
34.5
-32.6
81.9
-9.8
-76.8
-34.5
-121..1
11.2
9.8
76.8
I 34.5
121.1
253.4
-9.8
-76.8
34.5
-52.2
48.7
9.8
76.8
-34.5
52.2
153.1
3.4
-13.4
-6.5
-16.5
52.8
36.3
3.4
-13.4
-6.5
-16.5
52.8
36.3
3.4
-13.4
6.5
-3.6
52.8
49.2
3.4
-13.4
6.5
-3:6
52.8
49.2
3.4
13.4
6.5
23.2
52.8
76.0
3.4
13.4
6.5
23.2
52.8
76.0
3.4
13.4
-6.5
10.3
52.8
63.1
-4.7
30.8
36.3
62.3
98.6
4.7
-30.8
-36.3
-62.3
-26:1
-4.7
30.8
-36.3
-10.2
39.0
4.7
-30.8
36.3
10.2
59.4
-4.7
-30.8
-36.3
-71.7
4.3
4.7
30.8
36.3
71.7
147.8
-4.7
-30.8
36.3
0.8
63.9
4.7
30.8
-36.3
-0.8
62.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
2.7
0.8
0.8
4.3
..
Hi
Hi
i
20
21
2~
23
24
I,
26
i' 25.
3.4
13.4
-6.5
10.3
52.8
63.1
)1
ytJ.J.
").!:Ii
65.0 153.3
184.8
-16.5 147.2
82.7
13.3 253.6
fl =!f + fx+
-f.}2 + 40 )/2
27
62.1
47.5
98.4
-28.0
38.9
58.6
2.2 147.6
f2 =/f + (x -fx }2 + 4T2 )/2
28
';,: ~ 29,'. f2 -11
-24.2
-17.5 -91.1
-11.6 -108.4
-11.1 -106.0
-86.4
!' i!
: i; t - - - + - - . - - - . - " - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - j
i:
' Maximum totlll/;trells intensity= maximum absolute value in rows 27. 28 and 29 = 253.6 .
.!.
,AlloiNable stmss IIt-1loilzle .. 2.2&(
or at edge of a compensation pad. attachment or support = 2f= 303.2' (acceptable).
'Iv",
, .j--'--t---------'-------------,r-------...,-------,-------r--------i
.: t .;
j, :
!nfG Hil:!:i ~i
)'
30
31,'
32
q: .33.:
;1
I,'
,I',
iI
'!
:' ;,:
79.0
45.8
-123.9
-78.9
',j.
Ii
t.l:
,.
[ : [;.
f2m'~Ifm+fxm-V(fm-f.m)2+4T2J/2
,,34: ~:flm _ _ ..
-56.8
-13.8
47.6
6.6
0310
83.5
35.9
-47.6
83.5
35.9
-47.6
114.8
48.9
-65.9
114.8
48.9
-65.9
132.6
75.7
-56.9
132.6
75.7
-56.9
Maximum membrane stress intensity= maximum absolute value in rows 32, 33 and 34 =132.6 (acceptable).
101.4
62.6
-38.7
101.4
62.6
-38.7
~owa~esue~_._I_.2_f_=_1_8_1_~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~
Delete as
appr()priat~
",i 1'From G.2.3.5.2(b} fp ='1 OB.l circumferentially and fp = 53.0 longitudinally, and from G.2.3.5.?/rl
l, '.'1 fp '" 52.810n{liludinailv. Prom r, 7 ? " ') _c ___ -'
.
'.V"'1"'. -
, -
-":"'.~~.l":r: ..
': : ,
'SHeat!. sireS$'fOfm/1la~.
bue to:
IL
;
i torsi~~:,(Mr)
:'
'~.-
I,
';1:2\~'!illi' :
;,..:-=!~:n,;.rj L
"
~.;; ,"uo,l!i:'
.... -nT"i..,~7'-'
: '.
" ! ' ';
",
II
.dl~!l'l'IY'r'
. ::~",,..c
,fMt Ii '.
I,
.,
'1
j..
.1.82x
S=_
I
kingitUdimil shear force (F L) :
=:zFJijiILt .
"I,'
Vrt
and
; 1(doT, Ii "
o
u =7.82r
-__
"
.,
Or .,~:
'. : I .i
. on ~pl1erical shells, rigid attachments.
. ;O,d..
..
shells~
sphet~.
can be
x
't~eated app~oxim~tely
;!',rd =C : .!
; as,distributed
.' over a circle of radius
x
f~;'lowiri~
~cting
o~
Meridibnaln',omeni Mx:
per unit width
a
al se'ctio'n,:formec'l by the intersection of shell with
cone of semi-vertex \lngle
'
.. h .:
',".:-.
, I"
,
Meridiohal membrane force! acting per unit width on
',' a normal Sectio,n as for the merk/ional moment Mx.
,'; (d) cirealmfereritial membrane fotce: acting per unit
,:width on a'minipional sectipn as dMined for the
CirCUmferential moment Mt/J.
'
i~
'!":r;:;j>
: .
I:.
J,
.!
i:
.
Wr
r5 = ordinate
of curve x _
Et2
(b) Meridional moment Mx per unit width from figure
G.2(25) and the relation:
Mx = ordinate of Mx curve x W
(c) Circumferential moment Mil per unit width from
figure G.2(25) and the relation:
fi'/:W.
; I~ L
Yrt
0311
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
Values of
88<t g0 8
!
/ '/
V
.LI
V/ -- ..
7
!7
V V
V
//
VV
'/
VI/ :/
V V V
l/ V V j
/l
V/
V
I
,V
V
,/(
:/
/'
,1'/
iA
,vi
1/
v
l/
/
/
1/
V
1/
1/
V
1/
V;
Vi
v
/
17
l7
!/
.j
l/
1/
V ~ rIA
V I, i/
'.V/ /
i
0"01
..'
1/
l/
~/
/
V
1/
/
V
/ 1/ V
/ V
//
5,
/ VV
/
Vv ~ V
V
..
17
VI/ /
VI/
2'0
V'
1/
vlV IV
o
l7
V/ /
3-0.
J
/I)
4-0,
!!
/
,
i/
'02
i
, 03
,0"1- 05 06'0708
01
0'2
03
~or~
r
r
;' Figure G.2(22) Chart for 'finding sand u
Ii . "
:"
!.
l.
1
0312
;!
"
;:
. .
mer[dionaJ
Ir-J.
'!
l \1 f'.
b"
1\
I
u=:O.l
!
I
,/
1;\
l\
i'\
'"
,,\
s=
u..,OJ;.
.~
u=
:/'\
I--:
1"'1-1-
T"-
'0
05
1.0
II
.~
1'1 ~
ji
f..~
1',.....
.v
u::l.5
/L
I-f"oiJ-. T"'~
r--;..; .
1.5
2.0
;,
"
I;
1.82ro
Vrt
u=03
,I" '\
1.82x
(Jr
2.5
3.0
!:r=;.~
3.5
1..0
0313
,.
I,.:
I!'
:,
':
. . ._~\:'~'t~~,C~~~tii0--.~.~~~:::;"'''-=~~=C~''~:'!f7"""=~~J~~~{f~~~:;jf~~
.....
~--:.'
_.
.--
'" - 0,3
0,1,
Meridional momentMx
hIrt++-Ju=O.1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
'-hO.3f--.j\-l.b~
m\l=l=l ~~"s
.!, f I !-+++-! ! 1
'.:.!','.
-~:>""-_;~.
1.82x
s=
yrt.
1.82'0
u= - - {if
rn
... '
......
..
-~."7'":_::
"_'h'
,:,'" , "
-09
r=r- foundfror'n figwe G.~(2.2)
u- .Irt~_~~",,~~~~~~~
u-15
TTl
u=.0.4
U'
1.82'0
u=
0.2
'.\\1
" ,- -.jrt
cu rve
Mx
1.82x
s=
! I
____
. ...,..;..::~;:..::,..~~
..
... _ .. --, .
found fromfigure~(1ZJ
0.1
ifllfl_,(U.:1
-
0.1!
!!
!!!
!!
0.5
I!
10
1.5
2.0
2.5
,3.0
3.5
4,0
I II I I I I [ I I I ! I I ! I I I I I I 1u=1.5
!!
!!!
0.5
I!!!!
1.0
1.5
!!
2.0
I!!
!!!
2.5
3.0
I!
:1
3.5
4.0
_ 0.2
Circumferential
. force N
u=0.1
s=
- 0.15
V
1.82'0
u= - - -
u=O,4
Circumferentialmome~o
s=~
u=0.1
yrt
i'
u=0.9
1.82'0
u= - - -
:i
Vrt
-0.05
N-
rFull curve'
u s
1--
1"--
=0.4
,u=l.5 , I--'-H
II'
u'
I I
'/
-]"
_.1' t--<I.l I" I
1.82x
'.
\rt
-0.1
Not
1.82x
-==-rt
I I
u=0.9
C;;-OJ
Full curve
0.05
u=s
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4,0
00
:"-1~-
0.5
1.0
2.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
V>
C/)
C
CD
01
CJ1
0
(....0
Q)
::J
..,
Q)
Figure G.2(25) Moments and membrane forces in a spherical shell subjected to a radial load W
'<,
--
(0
(0
o
~
'*'
<0
<0
! ,
.!.; .
:,
il l
I' "
o'
. 01
'b=-
:.i~
. J ji!!f:!!if
j I;.~1.'.1 !I.!\.: from
f. r. o m. ~.h.e.. a~ls... o~.the br~. nCh, '.Th~y CBn be foun9 .as follows
figu~~s G.?-(27) and G.2(28). Fo~ explanations of
,.~ 'Hr":; tHese bUrves see G.2.~.1.
.
liiW:t! 11:-:::; (a! Def/~:~tiO~s from figure 0.2127) ~f1d the relation:
,LJ
!/:.;:'
' .
:'~ir.;, ' . . . : ' , ! .
"
r " 'I ~
"'.
: L& it t ' "
0::: ordinate of curve x
:~~H"':"
: ",:.
'
'I
(b) Meridional
':
J'
McoS(}-
1 :::
Et2
('~i;-,Ii'
agE
fir ';"
Mx=9~dlnateofM~curvex
I'~;!dl~:,' . :lii!
.
McosO
____
Vrt
Pl'lliiir:!~[:::i '(c)
Circu~ferential moment
M~ per Uhit,\lyldth
from
fl' . G ""28) d h'
I"
.
an t e, re atlor:
N x meridional
i:l!f):;'::"'. i
:'
"Mcoso.
;(11'1':,:
M9I:=o~dlnate,of M~ curve x ____(d) Meridional membrane force Nx per unit width from
figure G~.2(28) and the reilltloil:
.
II(
"
. .
Mcos 0
Nx=ordiriateofNx:curve x : _ _ _~.
-.1 1
i t'vri-
CircJll1fer~ntiall11embranb
(e)
fprce N9I per unit width
. from ';figure
and
the rEilation:
'
.. 'G.2(28)
:
'
.
i:I'
l'
i!.'
;
.
McosO
N", ': ordinate of iVt/J curve x ___.__
! 't H;"~
1
tVii '
,
i ;1'i
',ik: i)!; quantities oCcur,ln the r'llane ofthEl moment, i.e; where 0
)1,:, Iii (~~e fig~}\~'.2(~6))::: 0" and 0=.180.
"
1:/
.!i
~: . 1
" :
~!
. i,;'
r.
Ii!
Ii
.. ..'::.,1,;
,
I,
;- 0.4
.~I j!
i:
~!;
_l
I-
:J
u= J
.v
~0.3
I
M::If
f>
U=-(.1.
'.L I.'
Jt- t-
-0.2
/1-
u=
L~
l'
1. 82ro
vlT
I'
1-
U=Q.9
CosO
'','1
:'1
vrt
1.--1 L":
.i:i', ,;
1.82x
s=
I'
r-.... t-...
r-..
I'k"
f'
u_1.
:1
t'-t,..
b~
f':
t::,,"'"
1-
)-ot-
t-1""1"",
,':
:1"'
00
05
1.0
1.5
,-
2.0
2.5
WI G.2(2?~
Deflections
-:~!. I
; Of:3 sph,erical shell subjected to an external moment M
~.! f, i
. II
'1 Iii/I
I .
,.
3.0
3.5
4.0
0315
__ ' r
~_~.---=:,.-,"""":;:.~~~;.;::.-:.~~.
.:'.:0;;~~.r~"'?_V;~,'.3c-.~;c;~;;.~:.;:~~;~~:~~2:~:;~~;?;~~-~:.~7-t=~2i~:~f:.~?~?y-~~~~'I~:~,~~~:r~~~~~jJN2~~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!;~~!~~
~.-,.....:...
... .
...::",.:.:"
'.';:;.;~
.-~:,.--:-.---: .. '-'-"'''-/:"''~''
FH IIIIII r 118
.. -.25 ~ Ii t ! !ill HW_s::
Meridioflal moment Mx
2..9.
111
Mx
cos 0
1.5
Full curve.
u=s
I 11'1 I
_._:
- 0 . 2 : - ....... -
. {:.rt-
O}
- 0.15.
u-09
s=
..
vrt
vrr
1.8 ro
'-irt
. - ',-- Q.1
NxJ
'irt
.
M
cos O
1.5
2.0
VI
u::01
'
'li I
-0.05RTfI
,'~
'~I
-->-;, ~
! .-.1. . . 'i"1>0,1
'l-.: ;;;: 0';'
TT11
i 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIu~l~PhFttlli1mm
i-
11111111111111111'1-111
1.0
."
u=Ol.kI-~I-4,..JGI-I-~~
........ . , , . !
0.5
Full curve
u-s
1.82ro
u= --
0:_,
0.8
.---~,..-
1.82x
1.0.~uln
0.9
.... -
00
0.5
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.5
JO
s
0.6
I III ) I lJu=O.l
MtiJ
M
111
cos
- 0.25
0.5
1.82x
u::O.l
e
Circumferential moment Mr!J
04
s=
0.3
u=
0.2
1.82x
yn
1. 82ro
Not
'irt
Va
cosO
HrlJ I fMdu~~.4~.rnu::151 I I I I I I
0.11 I I I I I 11J I I
1~.lIA
I I I I X I I 1.1 I I I I I I
-0.20
-0.15
-0.10
11111111TfOflt11
05
10
1.5
2.0
\,rt
1.82ro
u= - - {it
::0.4
::09
(f)
fN*,~";
2.5
3.0
u s
0.5
1.0
co 0,.
_..... 0
01
u::15
Full curve
,-0
III
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
::J
-<~
.....
=igure G.2(28) Moments and membrane forces in a spherical shell subjected to an external moment M
o
w
~
en
co
~ CIl
-0.05
OH u
s= --::=-
co
co
co
co~.
.;
Wr =
When deflection = - 0.022 . __
Et2
- 0.022 x 4500 x 1250
1.86 x 10.5 x (12.5)2
- 0.00425mm
Mx
_ 0.01;
~=+0.005;
W
N t
= - 0.04; ~=+0.015;
W
Whence the:
meridional moment Mx = - 45 N'mm/m m ;
circumferential momentM=+22.5 N'mm/m m ;
meridional membrane forceNx = - 14.4 N/mm;
circumferential membrane force N =+ 6.25 N/mm
The resulting meridional stresses are:
- _
14.4
6_
x 45
at the OUtSI'd e fx= _
_ + _
_
12.5
(12.5)2
=-1.15+1.73=+0.58N/mm 2
at the inside Ix = - 1.15 - 1.73 = - 2.88 N/mm2
The resulting circumferential stresses are:
. 10 =
at the outside
+6.25
6x22.5
_
____
_ __
12.5
(12.5)2
=+ 0.5 - 0.865 = - 0.365 N/mm2
at the inside fill = + 0.5 + 0.865 = + 1.365 N/mm 2
Hence the deflection and stresses due to the load are
negligible at 225 mm from the centre of the branCh,
which illustrates the local nature of the stresses.
G.2.4.4.2 A moment of 1.13 x 10 5 N'mm is applied to the
branch in example G.2.4.4.1. Find the maximum
deflection, the maximum stresses next to the branch, and
the rotation of the branch due to this moment,
ifE= 1.86x 105N/mm2.
MCOSO/[
r
Et2
- 0.17 x 1.1,3 x '10 5 x 1 x 10
1.86x 105 )( (12.5)2
:. Maximum deflection = - 0.0066 mm
McosO
,iii
0.175 x 1.13 x 10 5 .
{"125o ~i 2."5
158 N'mm/m m
0317
BS 5500 : 1991
I.ssue 1, January 1991
..
I.
I"
,: f erentla
'
. I moment
.I
MOO
cl,rcum
= '. 55 x
i
M_
cos_ 0
_
~~
=4$.5 N'mm/mm
i " , membrane
' force N ==' - 0.1 2 9 _
M_
cos_ 0
Mendlonal
x
, tVit
~- 9.3 N/mm
C lI'cum
,, " f1!U'!)t'lt,lI
'
"', mem
, b fene'orc!t
' f " N",,,,._ 00"'"
McosO
, ""
'_
.
i,
j"
tv~
= - 2.81 N/mm
i 'The h,aximLm stresses are the resulting meridional
ii: : stresses given by:
;
;:
fx 'f=
;:
, 1/'1'
at:the inside
is a factor;
is the external moment applied at nozzle (in
N'mm);
i~
I i x'
K
M
R
r
T'
: '1 ,The ~Iope of thl'! bratlch due to this moment will be:
;. 6,
i'
.;
ib~
ji
. 0.0066
-=
'0
jR
. tenon
h
d'Imenslona
.
I parameter= _r _
IS
R'IT'
is the maximum stress due to local loading (in
2
N/mm );
,
1"8.8x10- 5 radians
75
b/3
:way
::.
~ri
:~pon
n~t
:I! .
"
, I
'
q,qo
PR
I1max =.S.C.f. x 2T'
by
PR, i.e.:
2T'
berT' \
IR.
r'
I.e.
.
O'max=s.c.f.x
-Q-
jR
berT'
T'
0318
lI
~I
I~"I
I,
~I,j
l.I"
' i
' J ' ,
:1fl'
Ut ~ G,2.5.4Maximum stre,ss at a sphere/nozzle j~nction due to
11 11
:
1'I~{
1
:(
' .
/ :
, ~i !!~l
r
junctio~
il~1
'I /:, :!I;de,termi~~d by, using ~igure. G.-?(3). The first, step is to
I;!~l~ , {111 ,;,j' read off t,He s.c.f. for the approprrate vessel nozzle
!f~l~ :;~1~ ':1 geOmetry; The.maximum stress ,is then obtained by
'*
J~n:1
:~(}iJ~ lit,,!
f,,;; ~J
'I
;~,:i'I~;VI Ii!'
~,
jlj'i'
-_
V' R I ,
'i'e
,'nrZT'
T"','
i ' .. '
'n
II~I~!"
jl.~ ;i )fl ..i ,:r)igJ,e~ k
l
ll,;i
..
i'.
'
,.
s~milai PI~ts
r2T'
T'
n~zzles.
..; '(34};gi:es
for protruding
,
.
,.
.
B sfore using figure G..'2(34) a check should be made to
~l~!I, ill P
i[1
IS
~.~ j, p,:! :,j~sed as for a flush nozzle for obtaining the s.~.f.
~I~ 11,IWI::$J.q2,5.~Maximl!m strefs at 8 sphere/nozzle jurction due to
Ould
if',J ;;/r. Ii ,.. fi.:PP". 'c8:iOj!,Of sbear loa,d. Figure G.2(35) Should?e used for
:it1il:~J;;'
Cilak~J.h'x;~:
~mlhf';;'"
i'
2nrT,
"i!
.'
I~I; e!}. ~hould ?~r~Sed;as for a, flush nozzle for obtaining the S.c.f.
il~r' ',::i':!I;
~;::
i,;L!
,.
:.
\.
I.:
;;'
. II"
;
1,.
"
i!
:",
;,' . r r~
" ..!
'to;
f'
i!
:. i :~.:.; .
i I.r.H '
. i/
.!'; !.!;.!: ;~
:1':,:/:/..1;';
;:
,
.1
,'i!i; .
n//' ~;
..
'I' '
,:
. ii
Ii"
ii .
Ii,
I'
!'
Ii
i:
["
I,
0319
as 6600:
1991
Issue 1, January 1991
12
,
---~-."-]',
--.-~-
"I'rJ
III
-'-
..
10 f - - . -
"
~-- ~p'
8 f--------i
.,..:
...
./'
, 0.01
t.....--"
r- t-
V/ V' V
V/ /-
1/
~-I-
V
,
.~ /
/
vi-'
'r--
i
I - t-
',0
V
I---
/.
l--Y
VV
V
t---V V v v
-.,_.
~
J
//v
-.-
V
!
.,'
E
17rI
'--,
[I-
~::~-
~,=1.0--..,
~-
"
- '7-,=0.25
t"T' =0.5-
'4
.-- ".
--
:'
-r, ~A
~-
f------
t '
.. - _.. _-
._-
._.
------ ---
-,
I
"
..
0'. _ _
.....
"
.-
i ,
0.10
p=
r
R
1.0
JR
10.0
T'
;.
I" .
It
Ii
p=~JR
R
T'
: rigure G.2(30) f~aximum stress in sphere for internal pressure (protruding nozzles)
"
:j';
0320
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
"'J~
Th;u~t loading is Q.
, '. '. \
'
j'::
I.
,. ' , . .
, 4 r-"'~ ,
\:
;.
:.
'.
"I"' ..
t/r'= 0I ,
:I
ji
v~
".-
....;""
~-:...::.--
"
i"'L
---
----..... -.......
~
y
I----
:..--!f-'-
--- J
f.-,-
~
b ....gO 150}~f.T
30
f ~
-n---....I III
k . . . . 90' 150}~/f7
/T:i 1.0_ _
- 1'-30
u =::---.
I 1_\~,=0.5
Miximum stres:es
.,
;
0.01
I?kl;-
K,,,-
/'
/r,::O.25
. )
"'-"=......,..-
.i
3
\'
..
:1
'
=1
0.1
i'
-.
p=
~ f7f
R ';T'
10.0
/.0
!"
Figure G.2(31) ~aximum stress in sphere for thrust loading (flush nozzles)
4 ..---
....:
rj
oj
:i
:1
I
; t/T;=O,,-
r----....
~T,::0.2"
i;
/'
..
"J"
~
/' t>./
--
./
,/
::~ ~
iI
'~~
[Y /1I
30
Y,r~~ ~
11 T,
II::::::::::--~ .-.-c-- 7
-f'~,::O.5
~ --Maxini'um
stresses
..;---
i,' ..
.......
"'-3D
..
.......
t::::"
90
150}R/T ,
___ llLU
I" 90 150 )R/T'
r-----.. I'-
0.1
p=
i:",;
1::;;I!.,-'
/R
R';r
1.0
10.0
Figure G.2(32) Maxim.um stteils'Jn sph,ere for thrust loading (protruding nozzles)
.
;J;
0321
:;:
.;
; ~I
f.f~
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
il
:1'
,t
~I :..:{.~;.i f
lL:.'.:{.:'.''..
j'~;iWil'"
~-
'! ~
<.(
';j':
iiii~iU;!(/'
,
,
...:
~~
1;
-~,1-<1'-'
, 0.01:,
~
p-
~V1po
.. ~.
-..;::;-
J.,.<:-
li.Y
r l =1.0 "30
,--........
, I I 1'1
90 150}R/r ,
rv-~1~5
Ma~imum stres~s
0.1
1.0
~/R
p=
R'
!~'>~1!: !.'
--- 3~ r--.'
90' 150}R/r'
~V
k"L V
f'--.....
tV~I"O,i2S ....
IIlit4i!>
~T'=O
.-
.,"
i,'!
:Vlti!li
;;
L'~1!i":', .'.
10.0
T'
j.
Figure G.2(33)
stress in sphere for moment loading (flush nozzles)
, Maximum
.!
I
2
~,
u;
ci
--
U-
- t-j - --
(-J
I/
i;.
,~
"
:.,.
J-'
0 '-0.01
_---
---
--
---'
1/-- ____
.
f-._-
..
~
r--::::-30
I/V
t/r'-- 0
m:
..
r , =0.25~ ~
V vV
V
1--1-"
.L t2 v~~K
-~
/r,=0.5
~r;
.~ V
90 150}R/ T
,
I ill
-....
!/r' =1.0'1'-30 "'~o- 150}R/T'
-.
J--.
Maximum stresses
I
0.1
p=
~jR
R
1.0
10.0
T'
Fig,ure G.2(34) Maximum stress in sphere for moment loading (PiOtruding nozzles)
,i,
,,
';:
0322
::
\ "
r'
,;
'.,
~!
I:
G/43
1\
"
,
0
.
,I.,
~
"
-.-
"
0 ,.
:;i
i I~
i
i D"
J .:
--
-.J,
..
YTI=O~
..
--
.'-1--,
~TJ!: 0
~w,
1-1--
-_.
--. .-.
------
-.
',- I-- I- -
r- I--
..
'I
\ 1\
-\ \'
/T/~O.25
l =1.0
.~
_.
\J'r
~ ~
\ \
\ \
1\-
T \
1\
\
I
I
I- I
I I '
j-- f--
------_..
I--
\
.\ \
\
\
\.
\ \
'\
'\.\
'"
._-
--- -- --
'0....... "r:::::
'-..
0323
~L~ ".'~''!!lijI.,~r'i~.i.L
.i;
-.!~ ~!.}t-i~'li1:
~
. i :
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
'., 1I'\1I,I:,:.j,
! '~,):ri~)!
'1' ~l l, !i~1 ~ ~ ::P!
,:
1 '!!ill~ll~I;: ,;
'I'!I~ 'll,~fi
ll;i~: '~' ";'
,. ,',"
f
AA~I
~~.
1:
G.2.6.1.1Intrbducti(j~.'AIi
j'
~ II 1/"::'
:n.:llll:. ':;!.: ~
Hll .:.;
'For
!idl~l Ii
~rm~"
;',i:it
'~l iti
0i
'.
is essentlt:ll to havll
Ii:!!
~:i:i.'I.:;."
. .
i~~~~i~~;g~~ig~:i~:g~!;~i~if!J:I'rh'
:!lfrk.\.f'
~,t l' ~ i11!; 01.1: T,
J . ,I.
~l.~c~t~~~~~~Wyc~eCso~~pit!~~~nOga:nQ~~J~ya~~.f; ~~~~~~i~~s
I~rlrt Iigij'
!".,~;- !li.
,!;.,. .iJ, ..
:,:,,1,'.,.1
: :,'.!. . ;.,,. :,.:!'
. .:';!:.':!..
i!,."i'.i...
. .
'~
t~l
I""
','
'1"11,1,
i.;\/.i Ii!:,
if
,,:. 1.',.;'.
.
:1/i
~m~~~~iiI~Jl~~~~:~?g~i4~~~~~ilL
. ii: .
Nozzle~
' ]j:~
j 1i: !U .
III
il:!
m!, !'
bl;
iiU~
j~f
'i~
k;
.-"'. ~
,.~li;
Q_jR
q= _l___
27f ra v
(GA)
T'
G.2.6.4 Shakedown factor for-external moment. Figures
G.2(391, G,2(41) and G,2(43) should be used for
.
calculating the moment shakedown factor m for flush
nozzles. For protruding nozzles the corresponding plots for
the shakedown factor are given in figures G.2(401, G.2(42)
and G,2(441.
The moment shakedown factor can be defined as:
m-
M
7(2 T'a y
JR
T'
(G,5)
I! :l.
. H ,\2)
'
(G.3.)
2T'a y
i equ~1
~'iI"
f,.j!
'.
~~;::~J~:~~;,::~;i;;~;:~,: ~~:::,",~i:~::~~~t~ ,
p=
'I
t'
!; : I
it
f!: ;i;
,;'i,:.:.'.,,:,.':'Ij,.i .
11
~1~:jl;I;': It('1 . If I: .
and
Po
qo
=-:- + =-:- +
m
=mo
~ 1
(G,S)
In this equation the values of Po, ifo and iii 0 are read off
from figure G.2(37) to figure G.2(44) inclusive for the
appropriate vessel/rozzle geometry, while p: qand iii are
as derived from the relevant equations (G.3), (GA) and
(G,5).
Where the conditions are such that the relationship given
by etJuation (G,6) is not satisfied then a revised
nozzle/shell geometry (increased vessel shell or branch
wall thickness) should be used and the procedure
repeated until equation (G.6) is fulfilled.
0324
,
"
j
;
';,,':'!
;:l.
"
j
~;,
.'
~
'~
.j
I", r-..
r--
"~
!.
." !;
~'\
\\\
"-
"" ""
,
'i
001
:
.:'
. i'
. ~..
,
I
""
:~'" ~
~ "\ ~ K FYr;=30)
-- 0
",," ~ '\ f'.. t- ~ol t//r,-I.
:
!
,0.10
1.0
1
~
I ITT
~
~
1'--1'-.
r-..
:;
Protruding nozzle
.......
,,
p =
~J;,
f'-..,
~150
f" 1<:lU
90,150 } Yr'=0.50
r...~
Vr':O.25
Tf1l o
10.
0325
,':;
..
FROM
PHONE NO.
IRAM
384 8841
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
m
\
q
2.0
._..
'
...
I I
(t7'" 0.25)
I [ IIIII
Flush
- 1\
5.0
nO~ili
.-
"
..~
4.0
",
vMom~nt
1.5
~,
~'
Thrust/
1.0
~~
0.5
~30 V' 90
I~
['..;
t-150
2D
rtl III
.-+---"30
I ....-:::
I'b-
9~50
II
o0,01
3.0
Ii
0.10
1.0
1.0
10.0
Figure G.2{39} Shakedown values for thnlS't and moment loadings {fll.lsh nozzle}
Figure G.2(40} Shakedown values forthrU&t and moment loadings (protruding nozzle)
0326
ji~.W.!t
jf:~ !lJ
jr i:-
~I;.
,":i','
'
;!:;t
d 11
J\ \' i ~ .:\i
j!;,\H'.
~\~ i~ii
hln
--~.--.
1\
2.0
,
i
f\
1.5
f\
~)'f'\1\
Th r us!
~ r l.C
--~- '
R/r/:30
V
~~~
0~
,,\r\
'-.
r" f'.
-'-_._-
0.5
4.0
Moment
'('I"
liit;:
1\
m
5.0
i-'
""'~
3.0
,,0
v' 150'
,/'
2.0
--- :::::~?o
15C
--
1.0
. ,
iI
1\
\
/v
..
, , ~Moment
!
i
/:'
Thrust ;
!
,
.j
: 0,10
.;.:
I,
4.0
/-r':} 0
90
150
V ~V
--:,
c::1"
"'-..,
~~
~
r--..
/.
'
,I
(Vr,: 0.50)
~ "-.... \
,
I I I I II
Protruding nozzle
..
m
5.0
/30 90
150
~V~~
3.0
2.0
1.0
,
1.0
10.0
0327
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
\i
m
5.0
;. 2.0
.,
.;.
1\
r-- : - . -.
. 1.5
>
Thrust;
1.0
~\
4.0
Moment
\
"'--.
~~
............. ~
-~
~ ....
0.5
3.0
2.0
30 90
~150
P"-
1.0
.'
,
. 0.10
1.0
10.0
=~ (R
RVr'
Figure G.2(.43) Shakedown values for thrust and moment loadings (flush nozzle)
.
,.'
m
,.-,-,-,5.0
,r-r-
II
I~I---'---J
i' ..--,----i--r---f--r--t--r:-r-rr---...---r---r--r--r-l
1I
l 1--"-11"----i:
,::1{ ;'
Protruding nOZZleS(~TI=1.0)
:2'0
'
I-'---+"--'-f--'-\'[,-1-H-++l1,J,--\--+-l---+---f---1H-+-+-t_--+R
~~
::: ,
'I
7;~?:~0
\(vMomoot
4.0
1\
~~
:0:5 ~;--+---.:-1--+'-+-+-W-l-+---.c--l---I--;['.,H--li'-i'-rnq:=~~''==+~~~--l--V~IW--l-l1.0
,1.01--'--tl-+-T,cost V
: " '-
"K"
j;
k::~
30,90
f:::: '"
~V/
2.0
150
I'
i!
f;
j:
!,
0.
0 01
0.10
1.0
I'
I.
i Figure G.2(44) Shakedown values for thrust and moment loadings (protruding nozzle)
i
0328
.J",;
G/49
1j~iFII:~:l!"i;
: :.
:,
:Uflr irU l' G,2,7 The effect of external forces and moments at
I'~IIJIII r:branches. Large external forces and moments can be
br~nche:3
'I
vessel contents;
,1'
symbols apply.
~:~H' :I~';i'; More accurate values <f the terminal forces and moments
!~~! i ,:1 r can be found if the deflection due to a unit radial load and
I~Ulil) ::; the slopeli due to unit Iphgitudinal and circumferentia!
!~l, ;!.'~.d!.:.:; rfloments distributed over the ~rea of the branch and Its
':{!L;~; or:. methods given tn G.2.2.3 and (1,2.3 for (:yhndncal vessels
IiI''WL; and by methods given In G.2.4.2 arid G.tz.4.3 for spherical
t, ,W~:, vessels. Experirt,ents In the USA, c/Iscussed in [17], have
I;: did!. Ii; shown that slopes and deflections Calculated in this way
~HI'f!':;;
~h1ii}!;)
H
b1
bZ
=b 1 +10t
are constants;
WJi .:: ;
~1i4lit: ~
::~lJH@:i~' .,Vhen th~ loads from tr,e pipework are known, the local
t/:;.1Ni.!"
;-jrti:1 ~
:r;'!:"ti t
r;!'i'':.
:/'1/;:;::;:
!:'ij)::.
;'i;::::
F;!;;!i;
'.fl';!}i
cor~~ctions
These
appl{, only to 'circumferential moments
and are due to the eHee't of the dgleJity of tha attachment
of the branch which ha!llittla influ'3f1ce On the effect of
longitudinal moments ..'
.
I:;.:
Ii
Un/!,
!?!J: rThe tension at tHe insid'3 of the shell du'e to the local
i! ..',
lit: i'
f1
.f1O
:'iri i Concerned 'with the supoorts for ptessure vessels and the
i1,i i I~upports :~r, fittiQgs car~'i~d from t~e shell or ends of the
:li,;1 j;vessel, Wlt~, regard to t~elr effect qn the vessel. The
is the
p~essure,
. ::'
H
I
liJh; deSign. Convenient refe~ences for these are [40) and [41).
\I~.; The supports of vessels"and of fi;ttings carried ~y the shell
:: '!';i produce local moments and membrane forces the
,il/.:;;I..[. vessel w.a 1I. WhiCh can b?, treated'bY the met~ods given
In
ii'IM/::
bnr~II
U~:{i
tlli}ij
'.
ves~el
The,supportsof a
should ?e!deslgned _to, Wlths.tand
the external.loads hkElly to be IrrJposed on It addition
to the dead weight of the vessel aqd contents. These
loads may include:
n~i'l!j(a)
~n
!li~;
. !",;.,':"'~:
(c) thrusts or
pipe work; ,
:.-:+:;;
:~f~. r
L.,!;;
.~
I!
I.
~oment.s trans~itted
supe;imposed loads;
IIili~;!n;)1
M2
from c06necting
0329
... ;
H~I~I.I::
~n"~!LI:
.1,,+,
1'1
t'.
'Hi.t~;j~.:.(.' i:
," ~ If:
)f:;,i:U
%;i !lO' l
'!!
'.
l(~:1!~I} ;
'; [:i!J:.:: .
': ;;:,J;':
;,iAi.' .
';~.,;.!, ':
II!!' ~i;i~~~~:gg~~~:~~:~~~~~~~~E~;:2~C'
[:",,;,.,:.;".:'.;",!,
..,'.j;.:;'!.,. ...,
.'
!~:/L
i,..:",:,.:'.';"'::""!"i,i.,:
.
'''r .
1:.,
!.I:j!..
i:,,[
'
fiji.
i ~h':;:~~i:: ;~::'i~:~~' of 'h' Ih'" doe to th' ,,,,'
!(1!' , '.
:/J.
" .
:'::1 1 .
fir.1
~.
'
'
',Iii:.: L: supports for fittings carried frorl? the shell or ends of the
C~rrie.d ~Y
:r:,i
II
~.2.
~nd cross-re:e~enGes appI~ing
'j:
!; i~~'H;;The supports of a veSsel should be designed to withstand
i: IHI~H, ali the externa,I.loads likely to be imposed on it 'in addition
'I: i~.:l.:i ;. :1.:.1. 0 thedea~ w~lght of the vessel and c?ntents. These
pipework;
iJi::;:
" .f1O
.,:,
fl
,Il
ii,. ;"
1:
.. ..' :;.,;,:.;'/
....,...:.,.'::"
.
are constants;
is the half length of rectangular loading area in
longitudinal direction (in mm);
,E~~:!:::~::~!:~::R:J:2!::::::~~:::::::~'
i::qi';!,'
i;:(rf:' ~ ..
r' .
= b, + lOt
K, .. K ll are constants;
L
,.
M,
0330
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
is the circumferential bending moment per unit
length (in N:mm/m m ); ,
Pm
(in degrees);
1
(i7
W,
x
i;
,
"
Vessel wall
I:
"
I:'
i
Vessel wall
i'i,;
i !i'"
i lUi
ii/"
(b)
Bracket
for exteriial/oad
,
I
br~cket
A
always applies an external moment to the shell
equal to V;/la.
.
The effect of this moment on the shell can be found by the
method given in G.2.3. If the local stresses found in this
way are excessive, a reinforcing plate, designed as
de~cribed in G.3.1.5, should be fifted between the bracket
and the vessel wall.
In add;~ion to tne vertical loads. the brackets supporting a
vertical vessel may be 'subject to tangential forces due to
thrusts and moments transmitted from pipework. Such
bracke~s impose a circumferential moment on the vessel
wai! in addition 10 the longitudinal moment. The stresses
due to this can be calcillated an'd added to the others but
.d:lg Oi skirt supports are preferable in cases of this type.
G.3.1.5 ReinforCing plates. Reinforcing plates are required
when the local stresse~ in the vessel shell found as
tlt!lIllrib9d in g,~ fer thll conneoliC)n of aSI>Jpport or
mounting is excessive.; Figure Q.3(2) shows a typical
'linforcing plate appliad to a cylinder.
' I
~.
-g
1
0
-1/1
. .\
---------------l------------~---Reinforcing plate
=;uL______ .-----.--_1-l_--+___-+--_-I--_Lo_a~d_e_d~
.J\\\ . ,
.'J,
.....
~'_.L_
area
~-'---
;;
0332
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
'G.3 ..2 Supports for vertical vessels. This clause is
conc~rned with the de~ign of supports for vertical vessels
,except wher,e the conv~ntional methods of simple applied
mechanics can be used directly .
N x' = -',
2rcr
I
Fi7
"
Support
ring
'i
--'--_.'
rr
,"
"
Steelwork
'
"
;i"m:!
ji"
i i .~ :
i;
if"
il:
'" Ii
ii
I'
0333
Uu
~:JUU;
1::t::J I
! ..
4-
12
Load on
each leg
W/4
W/6
W/8
W/12
W/12
W/16
.W124
-0.0148
+0,00751
0.222
0,0015
-0.00827 -0.00365
+0.00415 +0.00190
0.166
0.111
0.00063
0.000 185
Max. shear
in ring
girder
W/8
M,/Wr2
M 2 / Wr2
x/r2
T/Wr2
~0.0342
+0.0176
0.335
0.0053
This distance
to be as small
as possible
ld,
' , ! f . .
:j,
j;"
, I
!
ii
0334
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
o
~-"t--=--~-=---->="'---=---~~;!==rik'#rii==!#;nrJ
-=-rllir~:,= ===;'l=?===~d!::!#4'==~
1
I
I.
Legs braced
If required
i'
.u:
B.M.=M 1
Torsion =0
. B.M.=M2
To~sion=
Points
B.M.=M 1
Torsion = 0
pf
maximum
torsion
. B.M.::O
FiguraG.3(7) Typical
tlngglrdar
.i:
!;
:J.
.,
;.
1.
0335
BS 5500 :1991
Issue 1;
January 1991
:
.
i;
+ 2(r2 - b 2)
MF W1L
!:'H
;H.
!.,
The following
: ,i
ni.
:nr
:!;::
:'.;:
:~, ,.
~!:!
.'.
:iHi :.'
IlL'
II;!.':';.:,,:..
,...' ...... ,',
;; -.
![i' .
t~
::~~,:~~'~~:~:f~:4~,';~~;:;X~:,~~:~;,fy':;~:~
.
at supports.
1"
Ur
(ii'
;il
,,""lOr;;
"
L2
(G.7)
4b
1+3L
1-~+_(r2-b2)J
L
2AL
1 - - - - -_ __
(G.8)
1 + 4b
3L
A positive bending moment found from these equations is
one causing tension at the lowest point of the shell cross
section. The moment M4 may be positive in vessels of
large diameter with Supports near the ends because of the
effect of hydrostatic pressure (see figure G.3(9)).
When Llr and blr are known, these reduce to:
M3=Wl (C1L-A)
where
V
A
r
j
1--+C
3 - - C2 1
C2
L
A
j
where C2 and C3 are factors obtained from figure G.3( 11).
W1A
M4=--
"
1r.'; :,
'If-"i!
I:.'
i '::"
;.:: :
F"
'"
""'''o~ 'o>h;",,",,,,,
[37).
0336
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
G.3,3.2.2 LOhgitudinalstresses at mid-span. The resultant
longitudinal stresses at mid-span due to pressure and
bending are given by'the fol/owing equations:
at the highest point cif t he Cross 'section
fl
PmI'
=,
'2=
Mj,
- - - ---,
2t
nr~t
M3
-Pm
-+ _
_
2t
nr 2 t
(G.1D)
(G.g)
b 1.......--i_ _ _ _
[Il
' L'~
'l
/1"""
'
,"OS' _.
"
-----.-+1----------_-b,
'
,~I
\ I
~I
'
Ww,l--------.J~
1 .
Centroid of
'-fl
'
r-
I
I
"
--
,,
---
, "
'~--,"
,' -UJ
(b) Ring supports
I
--
~~'r-',-
V'L: ---
--h-/ . __--+-----/_~
! -e,
,II
'r-'-j
'I
i" i
0337
BS 5500 : 199,1
~ Issue 1, January 199"
L
2b ( ZW1 ' \ :
I'
tj'
, l'.
!r
T.ZWlf
I
I
'L+~
3
I
'4
'l
i,1 w,
1-
I~
~ 2:w
(,2 - b )
ZWr'"
L+~
Lo.d
---1A
W':1
A
"""'ty w
'WI - wA' Z
w
. rL - 2A
- -b
-=
W
1
./~w .
~~
+-_-,,-__
==~.
I
l"
L + 4b
1
I
/
/
~/
+2:W
(r2. - b 2)
-+~ j'
___3_...s_'
I
I
.+\
.I .
~A
'1
:-;.._-_.
---=wr
ZW
Hydrost,atic _
r
loads ()rj e n d s "
r II
.~----------l-
3. -;:;
I
L+-1
___
:i
I
i!
"
ii;
I:
tj
f,
fl
.I, .:
il
U':
:i ;:'; .,~
;
T;: i Positive values 6'f M4 ark obtained for the follOwing forms
,I i' , .. and proportions::
, .
'
I:
Alr<0.707
i "
Air
flat ends
i.
ends with 10 % knuckle radius
;semi-ellipsoidpl
ends .Z: i retio
i'ii,
.
i<
'f;:
"".
< 0.44
f'/:, Is always
negative
for
hetnislji1erlcal ends.
,
I
:
t: dished end and its contuntS for all ranges of dished e;,d
!.'
covered by this
~tandard.
0338
! i
i
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
..
..
:..-
~-
"'
"
.. -
\\ \
\ \ \
0.45
, \ \
r\' \\ \\
0.3S
\ \
'\
\ \
'. OJ
::l
-".
'".
"
..
."-'
-\-'
\-\
\ \
\
~~ \ 1\
1\
.~
'\.
0.4
0.1
---- /
..-/
""
"['\,.
~'\,
"-
0.35
--
0.3
........
I~ ')<,., [)(...
r---. --r--
--..
-l"- f-
1,,/
--
0.2
I
I
V
- Hemispherical ends.
0.15
./
0.1
,
" ";
I--'
./"
I,
vr-
. j
/-----
0.5
r----..
........ 1,1 r--
.,./'
~':O'';;'
l.A..V
'X N
,,! '-.
'.~
"<... /
~
0.45
.... 0
"\.)'
"\. ~'"
\.
<;,.25
blr
V
\ \
'\
"-
0.15
',,--
"
"
I
I I
- Flat ends
1\
0.2
. ..
\ ' 1\ \. I\~
0.2
' ...
V. .'l-L.
"'~~ ~~~~~ ..\._\
"\ L\L
/"'..."'..
L
\
\. -\.
:/ L 0.4
I
U)
..: ..
.~~
\' \
\ \"'"
~~
0.3
"'0
'"
11 1
\ \ \
0.4
-,
'-'.
0.1
'\. ..... f
9.
, 05
0.05
"
Values of Llr
I
2.0
1.0
: ' 3.0
I
4.0
I I
5.0
6.0
.B.O
10
15
20
0339
I,; .
G/59
.......
- ....
.,
;-~;,::.;;.~....;-.;:.:~ .:.;.:.::'-::.;.::.:.:..':,..'
. 0- !Of'\;
Values of Llr
1'0
15~~~-,-,-..
1,5
Ii
Iii
zo
ir."T"""'I~2
z-s
f:
,d~
'0 :J
l-
~"
-~ k~
[',.
'\.
3'0
0
1'4
2"'-
"~
...
r-
13
60
UN
(;
I'Z
'"
)8
'"
~6
OJ
60
>
10'0
<0
,-,
<0
>
'" I'"
l-
."
05
,'\.
0'75.
"- f'.,
!'-.. ~
l'
~
-'"
l'\.,
['\
"'--"'-
I"-
",
.,
30
o nr--
1'0
0'25
05
0'75
',0
0',o."'0
Values of blr
(a) Factor C2
.1;(1
40
50
."
0..
2'0
""
I'\..
"~ ~
..
I'-..
'i
0.9
f'.,
'-
~,
/'-..,
J.
0--
~ ~z:!.. !,
0-
""
-<
i:~ blr=O'l
I"
;'"
1["'-t'-..
I
I
-...
i'-..
c....;
ru
:J
..
'\..
"-'-
(j)
..
" k'-..
O )s
'5
ZO
'-'\.
~.
(;
..=!
(f)
"-;n'consistent units.
0 1
OJ
.2
ts:
'"C
VI
W1A
==M4== - [
1 -A
-+C3 -r - C2
-.'
C2
L
A
""
40
50
60
80"
...
100
i'-..
15,0 . - 2011'
Values of Llr
(b) Factor C3
~
-.,."
t.
t'~I)~
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
(fll f'lHHII hi'i. ",11;'1\1'11001 1;" .. ti~"'" "Hoi /.01 '" ,yell:
q=
K3 W [L-2AJ
1
rt
.m
W
()i .Iii -.the shel I q= K3
_ _1
l:
f4
rte
(G.12)
K271r~t
!',
o(degrees)
K3
K.
120
135
150
1.171
0.958
0.799
120
135
150
0.319
0.319
0.319
stiffened by rings
adjacent to saddles
120,
1;35
150 ;
1.171
0.958
0.799
Shell
stiffened
by end
of vessel
120
135
150
stiffened by rings
in plane of saddles
(.
(
'~.S'ddl'
ti
Ii:
l!
[I:
1/ !
Ii :,'
"
(G.15)
PniT'
M4__ _
=- + ---,.
2t
1<..
(G.11)
I':
(G.14)
rt
Pnl!.. _ ~ __
2(
Klirr2t,
't3 =
(G.13)
L+ 4b
This equation does not apply when A > L/4, but such
proportions are unusual.
'.
'I
r
b 1 <A.".2
b1
-<A.".b,
2
. Figure G.3(12) Portion of shell ineffective against
: longitudinal bending
'
. Allowable tangential
0.880
0.654
OA85
(see note
condition
;
Saddle angle
,
Shell unstiftened by end
or rirlgs, Le.;4>(/2 <lnd
no rihgs proVided
K1
K2
120 ;
135 :
150 ;
1
1
1
1
1
1
120 .
135
150 '
0.107
0.132
0.161
0.192
0.234
0.279
6' (degrees) .
Design
OAOl
0.344
0.295
120
0.880
0.880
135
150
0.654
0.654
0.485
OA85
Vessel shell
Vessel end
0.8f or 0.06Et/r
whichever is the
smaller
1.25f-fn(d)
(see note 2)
shearing stresses
1)
0341
f5
'Tl,~ 1!1~i'1Mf1ifilfi~iitIAI
W
fs= - K5 1
tb2 I
(G.16)
fOf-
r
I
for:::'"
- W1
3K(lWl
~ 8,f6=---___
.
< 8.f6=
r
wher6b 2 =b 1 +10t.
4~2
(G.17)
2~
_, WI
12k6 W _r
__
. ______
1
4tb 2
Lt2
(G.18)
i1HQ"'~H~I'f~,
(degrees)
120
135
150
165
.. 0.50
0.0132
0.0103
0.0079
0.0059.
0.0528
0.0413
0.0316
0,0238
1.00
NOTE. For 0.50 < AIr < '1.00 values of Ks should be obtained by
linear interpolation of the values in this table.
Maximum bending
moment on each
ring stiffener
=Ma=
i;
Ii:
K 6W 1r
n
where n is the
number of
stiffeners
i;
q'
11 :
Ii:
:;
i
I, '
: ; ~'.
i ;:'
mOinent)
i":'
;: ~!: :.
=Mp=;I.:'6\1V1r
Fil!i'!; G.3(13)
0342
'llfi.,f<i,iMJ ~II-\tf
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
,
1: .. ~ii.Hjj' "'H;;;~
-,
, 120 ,'
135
150
165
120
135
150
165
C4
-1 ,
+1 i
C5
-1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
0.760 0.711 0,673
0.0528 0,0413 0,0316 0.0238
0.0581 0.0471 0,0355
0.34Q 0,323 0.303 0.277
0.271 0.248 0.219
-- ..
K5
/(7
:
Ka
"';1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
0.645
0,0242
0,184
~-.---
:~.,
135
150
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
+1
0.760 0.711 0.673
0,0581 0.0471 0.0355
0,271 0.248 0.219
",
120
::
165
-1
+1
0.645
0.0242
0.184
---------~------
\,,-_.''
t~~1
~~--/.~~lt:l:jc~
fl100:-.
,:
--
saddle~
('
.~
'b,
plate
""-
,--
H=KgW,
!:
<
';
Ii
~---~--I-
"
Not less-tlian b 1 + l O t i
, t
,:~1
:
F~.
,j'
Saddle
r; ,
Plat:_J
'I
'~,
'3
~\
'-,
(b) Saddle
Slipport
wjth
extended plate
i
.
.,
I
r::
IC')
0343
, I
1
f7::
C4K]W1rc ~_ Ka W 1
I
a
(G.19)
fa=. C0 ?W1rd._ Ka W l.
./
'. a
-l(~W1
tb
b 1 + lOt :% x :% r
tb
f 5=
(G.20)
~~~
I' I ~
.
'.\t the horn 9f the saddle in the flange or tip of the ring
, Ii
'
=: C4K 7 W 1rc.
/
.
KSW1: i
(G.22)
.
(G.23)
0344
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
G.3.3.2.5 Design of saddles. The width b of steel saddles
1
(see figure G.3(8)(a)) should be chosen to satisfy the
circumferential stress limits as defined by equations
(G.16) to (G.23), wheire applicable. For most cases a width
equal to V:iOD (where D is the mean diameter of the
vessel in ITIm) will be satisfactory.
ThEj minimum sectl.on at the low point of a saddle (see
figu're G.3( 15)) has to resist a force H equal to the sum of
the :horizontal comp6nents of the'reactions on one-lialf of
the saddle. The effective cross section resistill~ ~his load
sno'uld be limited to the metal cross section within a
dist"ance e~ual tb r/3 below the shell a~d the average
direct stress on this cross section should be limited to
two-thirds;of the allowable design stress.
f:'= Kg WI
I
; 00
where
i
)
Kg
120
135
150
165
0.204
0.231
0.259
0.288
I..........
iIl.i"~l .. , w"";'!iI ~ ....." !1i0i 1;j"';;~ll-Itll~""" "" 1Ft "HIP itlf'l"";'' '"
:.1
11
'.
,
;
'.
1
+ 4b
3 J'
(G.24)
. !he allowaBle
In table G.3.3.2. , . :
inaxim~m
, The
circumferential s'tress in the ring, due
: delld loads, .is given by;
~o
30
35'
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
6b
90
K,o
0.075
0.065
0.057
0.049
0.043
0.039
0.035
0.030
0.025
0.020
0.017
t1.b1 i;,
0.015
KI1
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.29
d.l! if
0.25
The stress in the ring flO should not exceed f. In the case
of category 1 and 2 vessels the rings are in general of the
same material as the vessel and constructed to the same
category as the vessel with the fvell.le obtained from toble
2.3. In the case of the rings associated with category 3
vessels, it is considered acceptable to use the
corresponding category 1 and 2 vessel tvalues as given in
table 2.3,prOvjded the radial weld seams joining the
segments of the rings are located in the region of low
bending stress in the rings. The distribution of the bending
moment in a typical ring support is shown in [37].
Where the ring is made of a different material from that of
the vessel, the tvalue for the weaker material should be
used. For mild steel ring girders used on category 3
vessels and not subject to above ambient temperatures, it
is acceptable to use the allowable stresses from [40]. In
this case tlie ring should be designed as a separate
structure without the benefit of the length of the shel/.
Unless
/(IOW , r 2 : KII WI
t1()'= - - -
. Z
+ 1a- -
(G.25)
0345
;:
,
, G.4 Simplified method for' assessing transient
, thermal stress at a, pressure' vessel nozzle
E
F
h
hb
hs
k
1.... Iii~iil+i>
k 1. k2
iii; !h"~" ilttH'Ml!iHiI 0;\>111 ",,, rI"kqHi'4~H' H;';,;N .\Ii" ' .. 11i
K,.K2
Kty Ks
Kd
M
N
i
I,
::
I
'0
'j
Tf
T;
t5
0
ii.' i
[:;\ i
I':;: /'
::Ll.:.
>,,1
u~e
(':;1",
"
'
"
i, ':l j '. 0.4.3.1 Notation. For thE! purposes of G.4 the followirig
I~l i 81 82, 83
1,1.
'..
'
,(Ii}::,
=dOlt 2;
iS,the mean radius of branch (in m);
is the outerradius of branch (in m);
is the inner radius of branch (in m);
is the mean radius of shell (in m);
is stress (in N/m 2 ) (see text for specific
symbols);
is the branch thickness (in m);
";';01 ~'''/l't,lli
:,i"
!':,:
"
To
Tm
1m :,
0346
,~
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
'Taki:lg Poi5son's ratio as equal to 0.3, these solutions may
be plotted in the form!offigures G.4(3) and G.4{4J. where
Si:= -
K1E<ITI
'
So=K2EilTI
Si and So' are the th&rmal stresses at irmer and outer
surfaces.'
dO
N=-
Sn
(2
d~klcp. ;
~~
In addition
the relative horizontal displacement of the
two parts, arotational discontinuity (V) will also be
produced by edge rotation of the shell opening.
In un actual construction these discontinuities will be
rsmiJved bj:; shear forces (F) and moments (M) acting at
the j,tJnction and their valqeS would be given by the
equations:
+A,)F+{a2+,<-1 2)(v1=t5
+A 2 )r+ (a3 +A 3)M= V
F
D'
---' =~,
(a) Shell
Shi =
meridio'lal
Smi =
[Kd (
~~
- C3)
Kl] EaTf
Outer surface
circumferential
Sho
Sma
= [K2+Kd
(C 1 -
C2
0';2 )]iaTf
=[K2 -
Kd (C 3 +
~~)JEaTI
Branch
(b)
Inner surface
circumferential
S'hi
= [K d {C 1 + O,3C2 -1,O)-ktj
EaTI
longitudinal
Outer surface
circumferential
S'ho =
S"o
1.0lj
EaT,
= [k2
- KdC2 ] EaTf
where'
D22
;,,i:
C2
[Kd (C 1 + O'!2 ) - Kl] EaTf
longitudinal
:i D ,= A31C2 + 8.54{CS)O,5Z2.5
,'-
'
to
~olution,
meridional
mor~
ol !il6118fd;
Inner surface
circumferential
EX
/1.11_ =
tl'n
, o=(Ko-;Ks)urTf
';: for
"'HUjil.; IH
+"'"
81'1ti .il'ol
cu,v~s
EJ
""~"''''''''y,
hI'
(o'j
tf,,,,
I.:
m=-
(82
=KdCnEaTf
and G.4(3).
0347
an:':i(.' i,.ls~U~-1-,~J~n'~'a~~
;":;!
1991,
.\::;~}; ~
I
.
I;;,::
,!
;C,il;'(j'i " loio.':~j,jF Ii' tlalj Jl.j lii I141'.w ~<i,.w,..;tol.1:I ~/oili"j" ;;1:1>4 10 Iii,. II '1111101~1"t-;
.'1) i.' pOint the above stress equations refer.
!~ ~ : ,
'"
vrT
Ii
.''i!"j
IiIi ,.,"
";Ir:.
Inner surfac9
circllmferentic.:1
Outer surface
circumferential
S'ho
[Kd (O.322(C l -
x EaTI
[Kd(0.322(C,.-1)+0.Hl2C2-0.3C,)_k,lx
.
longitudinal
l'
longitudinal
,1 1",
.,!Ji'
,
. ::'1
, ',il
'J.!!
"II :,
I .iI'
t ;
,
,. i
~ Figura (MP) i\lc,;:zle g~ometry
J
E
.3
.J::
U
c:
....'"
co
f_e_~
Time_
0348
-.~
.. --.---------.
..-.----:---.--.-.--
~--'-
(-.
1.-4 rc
~.
r--"''<;:--
(-.-.
{
"
' ..
0;
~.j.-"
LL\-LLl
.__""".,......
.. " .
"'o"
.,z
U'i
co
~ (/)
CD 01
_..... 01
0
O'"i"j,,"illl!lli
0.01
,-0
1.0
o
W
H:"-
CD
. ... - ..
: :
10.0
N= dO
T2
100.0
Q)
:l
-<
(0
(0
(0
(0
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
.)
-"
"0
t:
<1l
-:2
...
(/)
tl
....<1l
.......'"
(/)
iii
E
W
..c:
....
.CIl
(J
(lJ
't:
;:J
...
(/)
...
OJ
::J
.;
f
<t
ci
,:~
0,-=a
\!)
'->/ JO
'-){
'"
'::J
OJ
u:
0350
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
_....
;.~.
j .;
j . ,
~.-l--+.+-+--l
d
'
....
F f':
t~ ~
...
f+
H
;--uI
,i'i....
I~
%Ie;:.
II
,j.
,j 1: .
'-. ...
1111
. -::.:."
't:l
ra
...
U)
-...
1)
ro
...::I
ra
...
Q)
Q)
0-
E
Q)
...c:
ro
<II
:2:
LO
'f
ci
...IV::I
Cl
u::
0351
BS 5500 : 199i
Issue 1, January 1991
G.4.5 Use snd limitations of the method. The final stress
equations should provide a designer with a simple means
of estimating stre3S ranges in a branch due to thermal
cycling. Aithough based upon the analysis of the
rotationally symmetric cylinderlto-sphere connection, the
results should be sufficiently ac.curate for use in the
fatigue asssssment of branches in cylindrical shelis.
The analysis for through-thickness temperature stress is
based upon a flat-plate solution and is reasonably
accurate for cylinders where rolri is less than about 1.1.
For branches thicker than this, the stress factor (k,) may
be multiplied by the ratio rlri for a conservative result.
The analysis for discontinuity stress will give conservative
results since it neglects the effects of edge rotation
produced by ani; axial temperature gradient on the branch
and by temperature gmdient through the shell wall. Both
effects would in practice tend to reduce the junction
fOices and moments.
k
m=-=
ht
41.5
0.29
2850 x 0.05
Kd=Kb - Ks=0.52
E=21 x 10 4 MN/m2
a= 12.6x 10- 6 m/(m'K)
Shell:
Shi = 0.52
Take:
Smi = 0.52 (
Stress
f~ctor
(MN/m')
Total stress
40.7 - 0.13 )
~ha=0.14+0.52
-0.32
= - 0.157
83.2
= - 0.296
- 157.2
(0.26- 0.3;0.7)
0.248
131.4
,,; - 0.019
9.9
k=41.5 W/(m'K)
c= 420 J/(kg'l<)
p=7700kg/m 3
Sma=0.14-0.52
41.5
cp
420x 7700
.
0.13+ 0.7)
0::i
Branch:
Shelf:
5
j2
(OJ)2'
' 41.5
= ----=0.73
m= -
hT
Total stress
factor
Stress
(MN/m')
= - 0.446
- 236.4
0.194
102.8
= - 0.414
- 219.4
=-
- 150.5
570xO.l
dB
1.28 ~
N= -==
t2
10- 5 x 600
5'10
0.284
3.1
(0.05)2
0352
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
From this analysis the maximum stress intensity would
occur at the inner surface of the branch and would equal:
ts
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.13
0.14
0.16'
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.29
0.26
0.27
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.32
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.38
0.46
0.40
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.44
0.57
0.50
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.66
0.59
0.56
0.57
0.57
0.58
rlR ,
Z=5 i
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z=1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.15
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.26
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.26
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.34
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.39
0.43
0.48
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.53
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.53
0.56
rlR
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
,
0.4
0.5
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.32
0.23
0.25
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.30
0.30
0.33
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.39
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.47
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
RIT= 50
0353
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
Table G.4(2) Bending stress factor C2
RIT=15
rlR
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
0,05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.51
.1.48
1.44
1.41
1.39
1.38
1.39
1.35
1.29
1.25
1.24
1.22
1.18
1.11
1.04
1.00
0.98
0.97
0.80
0.70
0.62
0.58
0.56
0.55
0.52
0.42
0.34
0.31
0.29
0.28
0.21
0.13
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.02
!
;
r
'.
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
+0
-0.04
0.07
-0.08
-0.09
0.01
-0.03
-0.06
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
'--.
RIT= 50
rlR
Z=5
Z;'4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.50
1.45
: 1.41
1.38
1.38
1.37
1.3(3
1.30
1.26
1.23
1.23
1.21
1.12
1.04
0.99
. 0.97
0.97
0.96
0.70
0.60
0.56
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.41
0.32
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.13
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
-0
-0.07
-0.09
-0.09
-0.10
-0.02
-0.05
-0.08
-0.10
-0.10
-0.11
rlR
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1.47
.1.43
1.40
1.39
1.38
1.37
1.32
1.26>
I
1.24
!
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.06
0.99
0.97
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.63
0.55
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.54
0.35
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.09
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.Q1
0.01
-0.01
-0.05
-0.08
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.03
-0.06
-0.09
-0.10
-0.11
-0.11
..
= 100
rtR
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=1
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.03
. 0.02
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0:03
0.02
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.18
0.13
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.22
0.16
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.29
0.21
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.37
0.29
0.20
0.15
0.12
0.10
0.44
0.35
0.25
0.19
0.15
0.13
rtR
Z=5j
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.Q1
0.Q1
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.10
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.18
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.25
0.18
0.12
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.31
0.23
0.15
0.11
0.09
0.07
rlR
Z=5 ;
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.03.
0.02
0.01 .
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.Q1
0.01
0.05
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.19
0.13
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.25
0.18
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
(
0.0
RIT= 50
i
I
RIT= 100
0.01
0.01 .
0.01
am
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0354
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
~..:-,'
,IR
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Jz= 1.5
0.05
0.1
I
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Z=l
Z=0.66
1.00
1.00
0.98
0.97
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.91
0.89
0.88
0.87
Z=0.5
0.85
0.84
0.80
0.78
0.76
0.75
0.67
0.66
0.62
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.45
0.38
0.39
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.20
0.23
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
Z=5
Z=4
Z=3
Z=2
Z= 1.5
Z=1
Z=0.66
1.02
1.00
0.98
0.96
0.95
0.94
Z=0.5
0.96
0.93
0.91
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.68
0.65
0.61
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.56
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.36
0.35
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.31
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.26
0.25
0.23
0.22
rlR
Z=5
l=4
l=3
Z=.2
Z= 1.5
0.05
0.1 '
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5,
Z=l
1.01
0.99
0.97
0.97
0.94
0. 94 1
Z=0.66
Z=0.5
0.95
0.92
0.90
0.89
0.89
0.85
0.84
0.81
0.79
0.77
0.75
0.75
0.67
0.64
0.61
0.59
0.58
0.57
0.56
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.42
0.39
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.32
0.28
0.28
0.26
0.30
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.22
..
RIT=50
rlR
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
i
I
RIT= 100
\_.-
0355
BS 5500: 1991
Issue 1, January 19'91
j
G.5 Bibliogrclphy
0356
BS 5500 : 1991
Issue 1, January 1991
39. TOOTH. A. S . DUTHIE. G . WHITE. G. C. CARMICHAEL. J.
Stresses in Horizontal storage vessels - a comparison of
theorY and e~periment. J. Strain Analysis. 1982. 17.
169-176. .
'-0357