Study of Process Optimization on Aerobic System Treating Tofu Waste

Water
Sunyoto, N. M. S.1, Nur Hidayat1*, Sakunda Anggarini1,
1 Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Tofu processing industry is one of the industry know relatively popular in Indonesia. In the
production process, liquid waste as much as 43.5 liters per 1 kilogram of processed soy.
Characteristics of waste out of which is Biological Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) , Chemical
Oxygen Demand ( COD ) and Total Solid ( TS ) is a row -value 3250 , 6520 and 1500 mg.l - 1
. This value is well above the standards set by No KepMenLH . Kep-51/MENLH/10/1995 in
the amount of 50 , 100 and 200 respectively for the values of BOD , COD and TS . If not held
in good management, liquid waste out with a number of very abundant will can cause
problems for the environment and disrupt the ecosystem. Double wastewater treatment
applications which is a combination of two liquid waste management system knows both
anaerobic and aerobic expected to reduce the environmental impact of the tofu wastewater.
The study aims are to determine the optimal process conditions in aerobic systems of tofu
wastewater treatment. The optimal conditions in the aerobic system occurs at HRT 5 hours ,
the addition of the inoculum by 15 % and aeration of 1.5 vvm .
KEYWORDS: clean water, biogas , tofu wastewater, optimization of process, anaerobic
digestion

*Corresponding author. Tel: +62341-583964 Fax: +62341-583964

E-mail: nhidayat@ub.ac.id

1. INTRODUCTION
Tofu processing industry is one of the industry know relatively popular in Indonesia. In the
production process, liquid waste as much as 43.5 liters per 1 kilogram of processed soy.
Characteristics of waste out of which is Biological Oxygen Demand ( BOD ) , Chemical
Oxygen Demand ( COD ) and Total Solid ( TS ) is a row -value 3250 , 6520 and 1500 mg.l - 1
. This value is well above the standards set by No KepMenLH . Kep-51/MENLH/10/1995 in
the amount of 50 , 100 and 200 respectively for the values of BOD , COD and TS . If not held
in good management, liquid waste out with a number of very abundant will can cause
problems for the environment and disrupt the ecosystem. Double wastewater treatment

applications which is a combination of two liquid waste management system knows both
anaerobic and aerobic expected to reduce the environmental impact of the tofu wastewater.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Source of Initial Seed
The seed sludge used in this study was obtained from open pond of tofu wastewater
channel in Tunggul wulung Village, Malang Regency area. The starter of bacteria was treated
as starter and cultivated for two weeks prior to its utilization.
Source of Wastewater
The wastewater was obtained from open channel of tofu wastewater in Tunggul wulung
Village, Malang Regency area.
Reactor Configuration
The experiments were carried out at a laboratory scale aerobic digester made of
stainless steel showed in Figure 1. The volume of the reactor is 25 liter.

Figure 1. Aerobic digester

Reactor Operation
The operation was carried out under batch mode of fermentation, in the HRT of 5, 7 and 9
hours. The addition of inoculum was in the concentration of 5, 10 and 15%. The design of
experiment is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Design of experiment

Faktor
Kode
X1
-1
1
-1
0
0
-1
1
-1
0

Respon
X2
-1
-1
1
0
0
-1
-1
1
0

X3
1
-1
-1
0
0
-1
1
1
0

Aktual
H
5
9
5
7
7
5
9
5
7

I
5
5
15
10
10
5
5
15
10

A
4,5
1,5
1,5
3
3
1,5
4,5
4,5
1,5

Y1

Y2

0
-1,633
1,633
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
-1,633
1,633
0
0
0
0
0
1,633

0
0
0
0
0
-1,633
1,633
0
0
-1,633
0

7
3,8
10,2
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

10
10
10
1,835
18,165
10
10
10
10

1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
0,5505
5,4495
3
3

10
1,591036

0,477311

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The result of experiment is shown in Table 2.
Treatment

HRT (hour)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

5
9
5
7
7
5
9
5
7
7
3,8
10,2
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7

Inoculum
(%)
5
5
15
10
10
5
5
15
10
10
10
10
1,835
18,165
10
10
10
10
10
1,591036

% decrease
BOD
55.80
63.77
67.45
60.09
43.54
49.06
56.12
53.96
68.06
68.06
51.83
66.23
55.80
65.61
63.77
68.06
50.58
63.16
52.73
69.90

% decrease
COD
57.34
58.04
57.41
57.34
54.55
55.45
67.13
58.04
37.06
49.65
65.59
86.71
42.66
65.03
60.84
72.03
47.27
71.33
54.06
69.93

pH

DO (mg/l)

Coliform (coloni/ml)

7
5,5
6,6
7,2
5,8
5,8
7,3
7,7
6,1
7,9
6,7
6,7
6,3
5,3
6,3
5,7
7,2
5,8
6,8
6,3

6
6.1
7.2
6.1
5.3
5.9
7.2
7.6
6.2
6.6
6.6
7.4
6.1
6.4
6.1
8.4
6.1
6.5
5.9
5.4

90
80
100
90
160
110
90
80
90
80
90
110
90
170
90
80
90
90
130
150

a.

Biological Oxygen Demand

The effect of HRT and inoculum on BOD is shown in Figure 2.
Design -E xpert So ftwar e
B OD
Design p oints ab ove pr edicted va lu e
Design p oints be low pr ed icted value
69.9 043
43.5 369
X 1 = A : HR T
X 2 = B : INOKULUM
A ctual Factor
C: AE RAS I = 3. 00

69

BOD

64.25

59.5

54.75

50

15.00

9.00
12.50

8.00
10.00

B: INOKULUM

7.00
7.50

6.00

A: HRT

5.00 5.00

Figure 2. The effect of HRT and inoculum on BOD

b.

Chemical Oxygen Demand

The effect of HRT and inoculum on COD is shown in Figure 3.
Design -E xpert So ftwar e
COD
Design p oints ab ove pr edicted va lu e
Design p oints be low pr ed icted value
86.7 133
37.0 629
X 1 = A : HR T
X 2 = B : INOKULUM
A ctual Factor
C: AE RAS I = 3. 00

69

COD

61

53

45

37

15.00

9.00
12.50

8.00
10.00

B: INOKULUM

7.00
7.50

6.00
5.00 5.00

Figure 3. The effect of HRT and inoculum on COD

c. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

The effect of HRT and inoculum on DO is shown in Figure 4.

A: HRT

Design -E xpert So ftwar e

DO
Design p oints ab ove pr edicted va lu e
Design p oints be low pr ed icted value
7.8
5.4
X 1 = A : HR T
X 2 = B : INOKULUM
A ctual Factor
C: AE RAS I = 3. 00

7.5

7.05

DO

6.6

6.15

5.7

15.00

9.00
12.50

8.00
10.00

B: INOKULUM

7.00
7.50

6.00

A: HRT

5.00 5.00

Figure 4. The effect of HRT and inoculum on DO

pH
The effect of HRT and inoculum on pH is shown in Figure 5.
Design -E xpert So ftwar e
P HDesign
p oints ab ove pr edicted va lu e
Design p oints be low pr ed icted value
7.9
5.3
X 1 = A : HR T
X 2 = B : INOKULUM
A ctual Factor
C: AE RAS I = 3. 00

7.2

6.775

6.35

PH

d.

5.925

5.5

15.00

9.00
12.50

8.00
10.00

B: INOKULUM

7.00
7.50

6.00
5.00 5.00

Figure 5. The effect of HRT and inoculum on pH

A: HRT

e.

E. coli
The effect of HRT and inoculum on E. coli is shown in Figure 6.
Design -E xpert So ftwar e
COLI
Design p oints ab ove pr edicted va lu e
Design p oints be low pr ed icted value
190
80
X 1 = A : HR T
X 2 = B : INOKULUM
A ctual Factor
C: AE RAS I = 3. 00

129

COLI

114.75

100.5

86.25

72

15.00

9.00
12.50

8.00
10.00

B: INOKULUM

7.00
7.50

6.00
5.00 5.00

A: HRT

Figure 6. The effect of HRT and inoculum on E. Coli

4. CONCLUSIONS
The anaerobic system can operate optimally at HRT 5 hours and the addition of starter at
15 % .

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors gratefully thank to Agroindustrial Technology Department for the facility
supports. The appreciation is also extended to Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
for the research grant.

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