BIOLOGY PROJECT

WORK ON IMMUNE
SYSTEM
SESSION 20162017
SUBMITTED TO Mrs. S.Geetha
MADE BY
P.RAHUL
CLASS XII A
ROLL NO - 41
CPRI Colony new
BEL road Bangalore
PIN 560012
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A state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid

infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.
Capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from
entering the body.

CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

IMMUNITY
FLUID SYSTEM
GRANULOCYTES
AGRANULOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES
DEFENCE MACHANISM
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
INNATE IMMUNITY
FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
NATURAL ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
MUCOSAL IMMUNITY
TYPES OF MALT
IMMUNITY CONFERRED BY
VACCINES
SOME INTERESTING FACTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THANK YOU PAGE

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This is to certify that P.Rahul and of class XII

has successfully completed this Biology
project on the topic IMMUNITY prescribed by
Mrs. S.Geetha Mam , during academic session
2016-2017 as per the guidelines issues by
Central Board of Secondary Education.

Mrs. S.Geetha
External Examiner
(P.G.T BIOLOGY)

Immune
system

Granulocy
tes
Neutrophils: Neutrophils defend
against bacterial or fungal infection ,
have a multilobed nucleus. The life span
of a circulating human neutrophil is
about 5.4 days.

Eosinophils: Eosinophils primarily deal

with parasitic infections. Eosinophils are
also the predominant inflammatory
cells in allergic reactions. They have a
bi-lobed nucleus.

Basophils: Basophils are chiefly

responsible for allergic and antigen
response by releasing the chemical
histamine causing vasodilation.

Agranulocy
tes
Lymphocytes: common in the
lymph system and of three
types: B cells, T cells and natural
killer cells.

Monocytes: they present pieces

of pathogens to T cells so that the
pathogens may be recognized
again and killed. Monocytes
eventually leave the bloodstream
to become tissue macrophages.

Defense
mechanisms

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Active
(Immunization)

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Innate immunity
(first line of defense)

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First line of
defense

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Lysis of infected cell

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Artificial adaptive immunity

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Memory B cells forms plasma cells which

release immunoglobins (Igs)

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Mucosal Immunity

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The mucosal immune system

protects the internal surfaces of
the body

The mucosal immune system

GI tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
exocrine glands associated
with these organs

In a healthy human adult, this

local immune system contributes
almost 80% of all immunocytes.

These cells are accumulated in,

or in transit between, various
mucosa-associated
lymphoid
tissues (MALT), which together
form the largest mammalian
lymphoid organ system.
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Macrophag
es

Plasma
cells

Compositi
on of
MALT
B cells

Ig A and Ig
G

T cells

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Types of MALT:
Depending in the
region it is present

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Immunity
conferred by
vaccines

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 Positive events of the day seem to have a

stronger helpful impact on immune function.
Having a good time on Monday still had a
positive effect on the immune system by
Wednesday.
The frequent hand washing can break down the
natural oils on the skin that serve as the first
line (or layer) of defense for the immune
system.
Studies show that people who lack humor in
their lives tend to have less protective immune
responses.
While the body needs some sunlight to produce
vitamin D, too much sunshine can suppress the
immune system.

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To make this project I have taken source from the

following books:1. Ramesh Gupta
2. Biology N.C.E.R.T
I have taken source from internet too, and taken help of
our biology teacher Mrs. S.Geetha mam.

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We would like to thank our Biology mam Mrs.

S.Geetha, who provided us this opportunity to
make a project on IMMUNITY which really
helped us to understand the concepts of
Immunity of our body.

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