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  • Classification Based On Fluid Used: Rotodynamic Machines

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    This document discusses the classification and basic principles of rotodynamic machines. It begins by classifying machines based on whether they use liquid or gas as the working fluid. Pumps use liquid while compressors, fans, and blowers use gas. Turbines are further classified as water, steam, gas, or air turbines depending on the specific working fluid. The document then introduces rotodynamic machines and explains that they work by transferring energy between a rotating rotor and the fluid passing through it. Pumps and compressors increase the fluid's tangential momentum, absorbing energy from the rotor, while turbines reduce the fluid's tangential momentum and doing work on the rotor. Basic equations of fluid dynamics are presented for

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    In the third chapter models for conduction with heat generation are developed for three geometric configurations namely plate, cylinder and sphere. The effect of volume to surface area and the convection coefficient at the surface in maintaining lower material temperature is illustrated. Hollow cylindrical shape with different boundary conditions is discussed. Conduction with variable heat generation rate is also modelled.

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    This document discusses the classification and basic principles of rotodynamic machines. It begins by classifying machines based on whether they use liquid or gas as the working fluid. Pumps use liquid while compressors, fans, and blowers use gas. Turbines are further classified as water, steam, gas, or air turbines depending on the specific working fluid. The document then introduces rotodynamic machines and explains that they work by transferring energy between a rotating rotor and the fluid passing through it. Pumps and compressors increase the fluid's tangential momentum, absorbing energy from the rotor, while turbines reduce the fluid's tangential momentum and doing work on the rotor. Basic equations of fluid dynamics are presented for

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    17 views2 pages

    Classification Based On Fluid Used: Rotodynamic Machines

    Uploaded by

    aziz1297
    This document discusses the classification and basic principles of rotodynamic machines. It begins by classifying machines based on whether they use liquid or gas as the working fluid. Pumps use liquid while compressors, fans, and blowers use gas. Turbines are further classified as water, steam, gas, or air turbines depending on the specific working fluid. The document then introduces rotodynamic machines and explains that they work by transferring energy between a rotating rotor and the fluid passing through it. Pumps and compressors increase the fluid's tangential momentum, absorbing energy from the rotor, while turbines reduce the fluid's tangential momentum and doing work on the rotor. Basic equations of fluid dynamics are presented for

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Lecture1

    ClassificationBasedonFluidUsed
    The fluid machines use either liquid or gas as the working fluid depending upon the purpose. The machine
    transferringmechanicalenergyofrotortotheenergyoffluidistermedasapumpwhenitusesliquid,andis
    termedasacompressororafanorablower,whenitusesgas.Thecompressorisamachinewherethemain
    objective is to increase the static pressure of a gas. Therefore, the mechanical energy held by the fluid is
    mainlyintheformofpressureenergy.Fansorblowers,ontheotherhand,mainlycauseahighflowofgas,
    and hence utilize the mechanical energy of the rotor to increase mostly the kinetic energy of the fluid. In
    thesemachines,thechangeinstaticpressureisquitesmall.
    Forallpracticalpurposes,liquidusedbytheturbinesproducingpoweriswater,andtherefore,theyaretermed
    aswaterturbinesorhydraulicturbines.Turbineshandlinggasesinpracticalfieldsareusuallyreferredtoas
    steam turbine, gas turbine, and air turbine depending upon whether they use steam, gas (the mixture of air
    andproductsofburntfuelinair)orair.

    ROTODYNAMICMACHINES
    Inthissection,weshalldiscussthebasicprincipleofrotodynamicmachinesandtheperformanceofdifferent
    kindsofthosemachines.Theimportantelementofarotodynamicmachine,ingeneral,isarotorconsistingof
    anumberofvanesorblades.Therealwaysexistsarelativemotionbetweentherotorvanesandthefluid.The
    fluidhasacomponentofvelocityandhenceofmomentuminadirectiontangentialtotherotor.Whileflowing
    throughtherotor,tangentialvelocityandhencethemomentumchanges.
    The rate at which this tangential momentum changes corresponds to a tangential force on the rotor. In a
    turbine,thetangentialmomentumofthefluidisreducedandthereforeworkisdonebythefluidtothemoving
    rotor.Butincaseofpumpsandcompressorsthereisanincreaseinthetangentialmomentumofthefluidand
    thereforeworkisabsorbedbythefluidfromthemovingrotor.

    BasicEquationofEnergyTransferinRotodynamicMachines
    Thebasicequationoffluiddynamicsrelatingtoenergytransferissameforallrotodynamicmachinesandisa
    simpleformof"Newton'sLawsofMotion"appliedtoafluidelementtraversingarotor.Hereweshallmake
    useofthemomentumtheoremasapplicabletoafluidelementwhileflowingthroughfixedandmovingvanes.
    Figure1.2representsdiagrammaticallyarotorofageneralisedfluidmachine,with00theaxisofrotationand
    theangularvelocity.Fluidenterstherotorat1,passesthroughtherotorbyanypathandisdischargedat
    2.Thepoints1and2areatradii and fromthecentreoftherotor,andthedirectionsoffluidvelocities
    at1and2maybeatanyarbitraryangles.Fortheanalysisofenergytransferduetofluidflowinthissituation,
    weassumethefollowing:
    (a)Theflowissteady,thatis,themassflowrateisconstantacrossanysection(nostorageordepletionof
    fluidmassintherotor).
    (b)Theheatandworkinteractionsbetweentherotoranditssurroundingstakeplaceataconstantrate.
    (c)Velocityisuniformoveranyareanormaltotheflow.Thismeansthatthevelocity vector at any point is
    representativeofthetotalflowoverafinitearea.Thisconditionalsoimpliesthatthereisnoleakagelossand
    theentirefluidisundergoingthesameprocess.
    ThevelocityatanypointmayberesolvedintothreemutuallyperpendicularcomponentsasshowninFig1.2.
    Theaxialcomponentofvelocity

    is directed parallel to the axis of rotation , the radial component

    directedradiallythroughtheaxistorotation,whilethetangentialcomponent

    is

    isdirectedatrightanglesto

    theradialdirectionandalongthetangenttotherotoratthatpart.
    The change in magnitude of the axial velocity components through the rotor causes a change in the axial
    momentum. This change gives rise to an axial force, which must be taken by a thrust bearing to the
    stationary rotor casing. The change in magnitude of radial velocity causes a change in momentum in radial
    direction.

    Fig1.2

    Componentsofflowvelocityinageneralisedfluidmachine

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