(Aerodynamics II, Internal Test II Jan-June 2011)

HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

& SCIENCE
AERODYNAMICS II (AE1604) M.E.-2(AERO)
Model Test
Answer all the questions and dont mix-up Part-A with other answers.

Only non-programmable calculator is allowed

Part A
(Marks: 10 x 2 = 10)
1. Define Atmosphere and name any four sphere of atmosphere.
2. Write the atmospheric characteristics of troposphere and stratosphere.
3. At an altitude relative density is 0.88 where ASI gives a reading 180 m/s. Find the indicated
airspeed and true airspeed at that altitude.
4. Define bluff body.
5. Explain finite wing. Use sketches to support your answer.
6. Draw the aircraft in climbing flight and show the forces acting on it with correct inclination.
7. Define range and endurance of an aircraft.
8. Define Fanno lines and Rayleigh lines.
9. Define stability and controllability of the aircraft.
10. Write two differences between normal shock and Mach wave.

Part B (answer any five of the following questions)

1. Define Load Factor. Write the phases during which its values are less than unity.

2+2

Derive the relation for gust load factor. Find the value of gust load factor for the aircraft if
the particulars given are as Air density = 1.1 kg/m3, speed = 78 m/sec, weight = 400, 000 N,
wing area = 125 m2, lift curve slope = 0.08 per deg., gust velocity = 28 m/sec and gust
elevation factor = 0.9
8+4
2. Explain pull down manoeuvre by drawing proper diagram. Explain the problem which
occurs during severe pull up manoeuvre.
3+3
Derive the relation of turn radius and turn rate in a pull down manoeuvre and find the
maximum load factor when a 50,000 N aircraft while flying at 300 m/sec, in SSLF is
suddenly pulled into a pull up manoeuvre of the radius 2500 m.
6+4

PTO
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(Aerodynamics II, Internal Test II Jan-June 2011)

3. Define high lift devices. Explain in details using diagrams, the working of both the high lift
devices (flaps and slats).
3+5
Derive the equation for the ground run distance during takeoff and explain how high lift
devices become a useful tool in shortening the takeoff ground run.
8
4. Explain fixed pitch and variable pitch propellers. Which one has got higher efficiency and
why?
4+2
Using Frouds momentum theory, find the expression for thrust and efficiency of a simple
fixed pitch propeller.
10
5. Explain the appearance of shock and it influences on the flow parametric quantities.

4
2

Can there be an expansion shock? Give reason for your answer.

An aircraft flies at a Mach number of 1.2 at an altitude of 16000 m. the compression in its
engine is partly achieved by a normal shock wave standing at the entry of its diffuser.
Determine immediately downstream of the shock:
10
(a)
Mach number,
(c)
Temperature of the air,
(b)
Pressure of the air,
(d)
stagnation pressure loss across the shock
6. Explain the differences between normal shock and oblique shock. Draw a typical shock polar
and explain how to use it for solving shock related problems.
3+5
Air approaches a symmetric wedge (=150) at a Mach number of 2.0. Determine for the
weak oblique shock wave (a) wave angle, (b) pressure ratio, (c) density ratio, (d) temperature
ratio and (e) downstream Mach number.
8
7. Explain the appearance of expansion fan. Draw a typical expansion fan and show the angles
involved in it as well as relate the flow properties across the fan.
3+5

) at
A gas (
is to be isentropically
expanded to 138 mbar. Determine (a) the deflection angle, (b) final Mach number and
(c) temperature of the gas after expansion.
8
8. Explain what you understand by stability and control. Is it necessary for an airplane to have
stability to fly? Explain your answer.
2+2
Draw the equations for the longitudinal; stick fixed; static equilibrium as well as stability
conditions.
12

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