Period

Greek

Roman

Characteristics
Artists
Key designs-a regular repeat of interlocking right angle and vertical Phidia
lines
Kouros-nude male freestanding sculpture
Kore-female version, but clothed
Red and black figure pottery-figures in red drawn in black clay
Archaic
Stiff and rigid sculptures
Slight smiles
Free standing figures
Classical
well known artists and architects
Hellenistic
movement and pathos

human figure was placed at center of Greek culture

Doric, ionic, Corinthian columns
Influenced by Greeks, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians
Architectural engineers and Town planners
Murals and frescos
Architecure: stone bases, grid system, bridges, fortifications, drainage
systems
Borrowed from Greeks and Etruscans
Rise during Greek Hellenistic
Cement
Equestrian statues
Realistic portrayals of busts
Paintings in Pompeii
Mosaics
Vitruvins-master builder
Pantheon-oculus, done. Gilded, coffered ceiling

Important Places/Art
Classical
Venus of Milo
Kritios Boy
-Riace Warriors
-Discus Thrower
Hellenistic
-Nike of Samothrace (Winged
Victory)
-Dying Gaul
Arch.
Acropolis-Parthnon,
Erechthemus, Temple of Nike
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus

She-wolf
Bust of Constantine
Bust of Augustus
Forum
Aqueduct (Pont du Gard)
Bath houses (Caracalla)
Pantheon
Column of Trajan
The Equestrain Statue
Marcus Aurelius

of

Middle Ages
480-980

Romanesque
1000-1150

Gothic
12th-15th
Century

Renaissance
1325-1600

War monuments-victory arches, columns

Basillicas
Arch- middle stone=keystone, others=voussoirs
Barrel vault- connection of arches that form a tunnerl
Groin vault-2 barrel vault intercepting at right angles
Use of symbolic representation
Rise of Roman Christian Church
Depict life of Christ in Old and New Testament
Art for propaganda of church
Lack of realism
Portable art
Diptyche (two panels) or triptyche (three panels)
Basilicas were the first churches
Influenced by Roman, Early Christian, and Byzantine
Architecture is #1 art form
Church constructions:
-vaulting, including ribbed and fan vaults -round arches
-thick walls - interiors dont match exterior (plain vs. decorative)
-small windows -a tympanum at the entrance
Taller churches (cathedrals) that reach to the sky/God
Thinner walls
Flying buttresses for support
Late Gothic
Tall windows with stain glass Leading art forms (besides arch.):
Pointed arches
-sculpture in church
Rose window at south transept
-painting, panels, fresco-> egg
tempera
Matching interior and exterior -stained glass
Gargoyles
-illuminated manuscripts
Emphasis on narratives, color, and line
Italian
Inspired by Greeks and Romans

Late Gothic
Duccio(Last Great Greek)
Giotto
Ghiberti-sculptor, architect
Brunelleschi-scuptor architect

High
1. da Vinci- painter, inventor,

Florence, Italy

Art centers- Glorence, Sienna, Venice

De Medici family were patrons
Death of Duke of Milan-> Baptistry Door Competition
Four Breakthroughs:
-perspective (linear and point)
-use of light and shadow
-pyramid configuration to represent trinity
-oil paint and stretched canvas
High
Age of the Giants
Artists as geniuses
aerial perspective-atmospheric haze to add depth
sfumato-gray haze
chiaroscuro-contrast between light and dark
Composition were geometric and scientific
Used marble for sculptures
Themes are religion, myths, history
Northern
Flanders is the art capital
Use of oil paint
Burgundy dukes were patrons of arts: furniture, tapestries, illuminated
manuscripts
Composition was colored and detailed
Used wood for sculpting and had stained glass
Themes of religion, landscape, and genre (everyday life)
Period b/w end of High Ren. And Baroque
Crisp and frozen shapes
Elongated bodies
Distorted form
Peculiar perspective views
El Greco uses dark ominous colors and had elongated forms

Mannerist
1525-1600

engineer, poet
2. Michelangelo-sculptor,
painter, architect, poet
3. Raphael-painter
4. Titian-painter, leader in
Venice, color, mood, layers
of paint
Early
1. Ghiberti- sculptor
2. Brunelleschiarchitect,
sculptor of domes
3. Donatello-sculptor
4. Masaccio-painter
5. Botticelli- painter
6.

1.
2.

Parmigianino-elongated
forms
El Greco- distorted figures