Key words: Linear Actuators, Lines, Matlab, MLI, Motors, Network, PSCAD, Software, ...

>> Linear Actuators:

EDITORIAL.

! FLUX STUDIO:
Dimensioning of an
electromagnet.

Commercial
Commercial Team
Team -- CEDRAT.
CEDRAT.

! Design of an actuator
based on Thomson effect.
! Magnetostatic and Thermal
Analysis of an Electromagnet.

003 having started tumultuously, snow is covering the summits around

Grenoble and inhabitants are feeding their hearth to brave winter coldness.
But we are not getting frozen here at CEDRAT
New slogan, new posters, products and services that we always wish to be more
innovating and numerous
In software (PSCAD taking its place in our products range, Flux to Simulink
Technology being adopted by many customers or Flux Studio nding a new public
in our largest customers), piezo actuators or R&D activities, our range of products
and services is getting quantitatively and qualitatively richer to better serve you.
We wish you all a very happy and ourishing New Year. And why not coming to see
us during the winter? A magnetism training course? A software training?
Or even a ski day with CEDRATs mountain addicted!
To reach the summits of Electrical Engineering together in 2003

>> Motors:
! Asynchronous machine
end winding characterisation...
! SRM: Drive modelling using
Flux to Simulink technology...
>> MLI:
! FLUX and SIMULINK:
Example of modelling...
>> Network:
! PSCAD and transmission
lines.
>> Software:

PSCAD

FLUX/Matlab
SIMULINK

! FLUX sofware on Quality

Assurance with EDF.
>> Piezo:

FLUX and Simulink links (pages 89); SRM : Drive modelling... (pages
10-11).

FLUX
Studio

PSCAD and transmission

lines (pages 6-7-11).

! APA towards new horizons.

>> Agenda :
! Compumag 2003, Saratoga
Springs.

Piezo Actuators
APA towards new
horizons (page 13).

! EPE 2003, Toulouse.

! FLUX Users Club 2003,
Paris.
! Dates to remember.

FLUX Studio: Dimensioning of an

electromagnet (pages 3-4).

CEDRAT

FLUX
FLUX: Asynchronous machine end windings characterisation
(pages 3-4); Design of an actuator based on Thomson effect
(page 5); How to denes properties in FLUX2D using tabulated values (page 14).

10, Ch. de Pr Carr - Zirst 38246 MEYLAN Cedex FRANCE

Tel. : +33 (0)4.76.90.50.45 - Fax : +33 (0)4.76.90.16.09
Email : cedrat@cedrat.com
Web : http://cedrat.com
Editing manager : B. Ribard, Managing Director of CEDRAT
and CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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Asynchronous machine end winding characterisation with FLUX3D.

Fabrice Foucher, Claire Blache - CEDRAT.

ntroduction
The knowledge of the end
winding inductance is an
important parameter to determine
the voltage-current characteristics
in motors.
The 3D finite element model
allows to represent precisely the
three-dimensional geometry of
end windings with which it can
be obtained a complete analysis
of electromagnetic fields in the
extremities of machines, for
the computations of losses and
electromechanical efforts on end
windings.
Among the leakage inductance, one
distinguished:
The 2D leakage, located in
the straight part of the machine
where the magnetic field is bidimensionnal: Slot leakage,
differential leakage, harmonic
leakage
The 3D leakage at the extremities
of the machine where the looping of
the conductors induce "3D" leakage
ux: Two 3D leakage inductance are
dened, the end ring inductance
at the rotor and the end winding
inductance at the stator. This latter
is the parameter studied in the
following Finite Element Method.

The model
The model is based from a
classical type of asynchronous
machine (LS180). This machine is
voluntary simple in order to validate
the calculation method on clear
basis but the study can be applied
with more complicated machines
(with screen and mounting anges).
The geometry of the model is shown
in gure 1.

Figure 1: Modele of machine extrimity.

The symmetries allow to represent

only one pole of the machine,
i.e. the quarter of the machine.
Moreover, the calculated value
being an extremity parameter, one
extremity of the machine has only
been modelled. Results have proved
that a 15cm iron length is sufcient
to obtain good values. The volume
mesh of the system has been
realised with the FLUX3D extrusive
mesh generator. The total number
of nodes is around 53900, the mesh
is shown in gure 2.

Influence of the geometric

variations of the end windings and
the airgap,
Influence of the magnetic
saturation,
Inuence of the lamination,
Inuence of the rotor,
Influence of the induced
currents.

Figure 3: Results according to the length

of iron.

Figure 2: Meshed model.

Results
The calculation of end winding
inductance has been performed
with four different nite element
methods by using energy and
ux computations. Whatever the
hypothesis, the four methods give
very close results with only 4% of
maximal variance.
The computation has first been
completed with hypothesis
inspired from the existing IEC
norms concerning the experimental
determination of end winding cyclic
inductance (L-M). The computations
have been executed for several
lengths of iron in order to show that
the value is independent of it. This
conrms that the computed value is
an extremity parameter. The results
founded with the four methods
with this reference simulation are
presented in the following graph:
The study has been completed with
other simulations:
Single phase (configuration
which gives the self and the mutual
inductance),

Owing to the large possibility of

parameterisation of FLUX3D, these
simulations are easily obtained
from the reference case and allow
to model effects that classical
analytic formulae cannot take into
account.
The detail of this study and its
computations are presented
in the CEDRAT technical paper
Characterisation of end
windings with FLUX3D available
at CEDRAT (you have the possibility
to realise easily the study supported
by this technical paper).
The computing time are presented
in the following table (Pentium4).

Figure 4: Simulation with magnetic

saturation.

(continued on page 3)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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Asynchronous machine end winding characterisation with FLUX3D. (continued from page 2)
Fabrice Foucher, Claire Blache - CEDRAT.

Connections with a
FLUX2D study
The computed value can be
introduced in the CIRFLU module
of FLUX2D in order to realise a
complete study on motors. With
the knowledge of the end winding
inductance, your study will take
into account the extremity leakage,
which are important in transient.

Studied device.

Figure 5: Representation of the

asynchronous machine with CIRFLU.

You can see below the representation

of the electrical circuit with the
components which represents the
end winding leakage.

Table 1:
Computing times

FLUX STUDIO: Dimensioning of an electromagnet

at Schneider Electric.
Ph.Schuster J.C.Ramirez D.Savall - SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC.

ost often forgotten in a

cupboard, their existence
being generally not remarked
(except for the case when the fuses
blow), the miniature circuit breakers
are however high technology devices,
with a complex design and able to show
amazing performances considering their
reduced size (switching short-circuit
power of about 10000 A in less than a
hundred of cm3 !).
The heart of this equipment is an
electromagnet with a plunger core,
having a twofold purpose: to allow the
unlock of the mechanism in case of shortcircuit, and to impose an opening speed
of the mobile contacts high enough to
limit the instantaneous value of the
current to a value that can be supported
by the installation.
The optimal dimensioning of this
electromagnet is therefore a key element
in the design of circuit breakers.
Firstly, this dimensioning is important
at the anticipation phase (elaboration
of new apparatus), then at the

development and adjusting phases.

Finally, the existent and already
commercialised products can be
the object of new studies in order to
evaluate the impact on the performances
of a partial re-design carried out to
increase efficiency and reduce costs.
Thus, the dimensioning of a magnetic
actuator is not an infrequent event;
however, it is not so frequent as to
make it possible, for a designer, to have
a day-by-day competence on tools of
FLUX2D type (not speaking of FLUX3D).
Experience has shown that, in fact,
these tools require regular practice, so
that all their efficiency and reliability be
exploited. In any case, the constraints
of in-project work do not allow designers
enough time for this practice.
Besides the understanding of the physical
principles involved, the difficulties arise
mainly in the logic of using the software
tools (the new interfaces ease this task)
and especially in the mastering of the
notions linked either to the theory (for
example the boundary conditions), or to

Circuit breakers of the Schneider range.

the finite element method (for instance,
the quality of the mesh).
For someone who is not a specialist, it is
not easy to decide which modifications
and simplifications can be made, for
example, in order to use a 2D axisymmetrical model for a 3D object.
Thus, the major benefit of Flux Studio
consists in the possibility of hiding
the specific technical part of the finite
element analysis: boundary conditions,
mesh, etc.
On the other hand, the parameterisation
feature allows the user to make use of the
quantities at hand (dimensions, material
references). Moreover, one can take into
account the possible modifications that
are necessary in order to pass from the
real 3D geometry to a 2D axi-symmetric
representation.
(continued on page 4)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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FLUX STUDIO: Dimensioning of an electromagnet

at Schneider Electric. (continued from page 3)
Ph.Schuster J.C.Ramirez D.Savall - SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC.

Finally, the possibility to attach a

hypertext help to the application, specific
to the studied device, developed by an
expert which integrates all the knowledge
and the design constraints, allows the
designer to propose, in an autonomous
way and over a minimum amount of
time, a dimensioning approaching the
optimal case.
Thus, Flux Studio is involved in a
permanent process of improving the
design offices.
The analysis of a certain number
of actuators designed over the last
years has allowed us to create a
model entirely defined by about
thirty representative geometric
parameters of the constitutive parts.
When these parameters do not
correspond to standard dimensions, the
on-line help will assist the designer to
set their values.
This parameterisation assigned to
convenient surface and line regions at
their creation allows the modelling of a
variety of shapes of the components,
according to most of the requirements
formulated. The problems connected
to the solving process, which are
related to the quality of the mesh, have
been anticipated as much as possible
and, moreover, the help can be used
to interpret the error messages and
correction suggestions.
This first application has been developed
in the frame of an intership of about 3
months. During this time, the person who
worked on it passed through the following
steps: understanding the dimensioning
issue, learning how to use the software,
reflection time on significant parameters
and, finally, the creation of the testproblem. The time spent by an engineer

with experience
in FLUX2D and
having already
good knowledge
of the products
should be obviously
much
shorter.

Operating principle of the circuit breaker..

For the moment, the developed

application has been tested on two
concrete cases (a new product and
an existent product). In both cases,
the time to train the designer to use
the tool and create the particular
geometry was of about half a day.

Studied device.

The quality of the results obtained,

validated by a specialist in FLUX2D,
allowed their usage without any
modifications.
However, in order to impose such a tool
on a large scale, we have considered
that certain improvements, such as the
possibility of defining a link between
parameters of different nature, should
be added to the present release of the
software.
In conclusion, in spite of some reserves,
we consider this experience as a very
positive one.
The interest shown by the designers in
charge of the test has encouraged us,
on the one hand to try to improve and
then develop this first application on a
larger scale, and, on the other hand, to
look for other devices that can accept a
similar approach.

Magnetic flux density in the device.

2002 European Flux Users Club.

This year Users Meeting took place at Hotel Maritim, in Munich,
Germany. Around 100 participants joined us to share their experience
in Flux use and showed their interest in the software. We thank all
of them. The answers to the nal questionnaire showed us you have
appreciated this meeting.
Finally some of you
guessed where next
Users Meeting will take
place. Congratulations!
Next years Users Meeting
will take place in Paris,
France. We are looking
forward to seeing you
there.

FLUX2D parameterisation window.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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-5-

Design of an actuator based on the Thomson

effect.
V. Leconte - Scientific and Technical Department - SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC.

ntroduction

Good limitations of the

current in a circuit using
an electromechanical breaker
suppose a very fast opening of the
contacts. Due to the fact that the
electrodynamic repulsive forces do
not generate enough acceleration,
an actuator has to be used to
improve the breaker performances.
Since a traditional reluctant
magnetic device is too slow for the
application concerned, a propeller
based on the Thomson effect has
been chosen. FLUX2D simulations
make possible a good understanding
of the propellers operation and thus
the improvement of its design. The
ergonomics brought by Solver2D
and Postpro2D modules of the last
FLUX2D versions makes it possible
to effectively perform parametric
studies, which help the designer
to carry out a fast dimensioning of
the device.

Figure 2: Magnetic flux lines and

current density chart.
be correctly evaluated, since they
are the very basis of the propeller
operation. The motion of the disk
with respect to the coil must also
be taken into account, and this is
possible by using the translation airgap feature of FLUX2D. Our case is
slightly particular, as shown in gure
2, due to the shape of the considered
moving part. In such a case, the
user should pay attention to the
evolution of the mesh during the
simulation, especially in the lower
part of the displacement zone. The
stranded type coil of the actuator
is connected to an external electric
circuit. The coupling with the circuit
equations allows the simulation of
the capacitive discharge.

Figure 4: Influence of the capacity

on the response time.

Energy balance
Figure 4 proposes a representation
of the energy balance for the study
of such electromechanical devices.
It gives an idea of how the energy
provided initially by the capacitor is
distributed in time. It can be noted
that the propeller based on the
Thomson effect has a very weak
efciency, of about a few %. This
is the price paid to obtain a quick
movement of the mobile part.

Multi-parametric study
Figure 1: Description of the device based
on the Thomson effect.

The Thomson effect

Figure 1 shows an actuator based
on Thomson effect. High current
time variations are generated in a
coil by using a capacitive discharge.
Induced currents are thus developed
in a metal disk placed face to the
coil. According to Lenzs law, these
currents generate a magnetic ux,
which is opposed to the one that has
created them. As a consequence,
a repulsion effect appears between
the coil and the disk. Since the
coil is xed, the disk is propelled
to the top and undergoes a high
acceleration.

The total volume of the actuator, the

capacity value and its initial voltage,
the peak value of the current in
the coil or the response time of
the device are as many signicant
quantities for dimensioning.
Parametric studies allow the user
to analyse the interactions between
these parameters. For example, as
gure 3 shows, the inuence of
the capacitor parameters on the
time response can be studied.
Geometrical parameters such as
the initial air-gap between the coil
and the disk or the thickness of the
disks can be also investigated.

Conclusion

FLUX2D simulation
The propeller based on the Thomson
effect we study is axisymmetric
and therefore able for finite
element analysis with FLUX2D.
The magnetic transient regime
characterises the operation of this
actuator. That is why it is advisable
to use a time-varying magnetic
simulation, with translating air-gap
feature and circuit equations taken
into account. Indeed, the induced
currents developed in the disk must

Figure 5: Distribution of energy in the

device vs time.

Figure 3: Mesh of the geometry.

A particular case of using the translating
air-gap.

FLUX2D allows the accurate

simulation of devices based
on the Thomson effect. The
parameterization tools offered by
Solver2D allows the user to carry out
the sensitivity analysis with respect
to various design parameters
geometrical, electric or physical.
To go further in the design process,
it would be necessary to include this
parameterization in experimental
plans or optimisation algorithms.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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PSCAD and transmission lines.

Fabrice Foucher - CEDRAT, Paul Wilson - MANITOBA HVDC.

SCAD: The professional power system

simulator.

The PSCAD/EMTDC software,

developed by the Manitoba HVDC
Research Centre, recently joined
the family of products distributed
by CEDRAT.
This software is specifically
dedicated to transient simulations
of power systems. The user-friendly
graphical user interface (GUI), the
numerous control tools, its fast
execution speed and interactivity
make PSCAD a convenient tool
for the analysis and design of your
power system.
The study of electrical power
networks is the major focus of the
PSCAD application. The software
includes accurate transmission
line models which allow to take
into account the characteristic
phenomena occurring in the
transmission
lines.
These
phenomena include line losses, time
travel, reections, inductive and
capacitive mutual coupling between
conductors, skin effect, etc.

Figure 1: Line model.

The transmission lines

models
Similar to all components in the
PSCAD Master Library, the PSCAD
interface allows users to quickly
identify and use any T-line model.
The T-line model is linked with the
rest of the power system by means
of the following icons (gure1).
We notice that the soon to be
released version 4 of PSCAD allows
users to draw networks in a familiar
single line diagram format.
To apply a transmission line, the user
denes the global characteristics of
the transmission line (For example:
number of conductors, fundamental
frequency, and length), and then
the other parameters are dened in
a subpage as follow (gure2).

The user also enters the parameters of the conductors (resistivity,

radius, and bundle
information) and
the geometrical
layout of conductors on the tower
(distances
between conductors,
sag). It is possible
to dene precisely
any tower and
Right-of-Way
Figure 2: Transmission line definition.
(ROW) geometry.
Finally, three types
of models are available according to
Once the transmission line
the application need:
geometry (or impedances) are
- The PI section model: a lumped
entered, and the solution model
parameter model derived by series
is chosen, PSCAD calls a routine
RL elements and parallel CG
to compute parameters before
elements. This model is adapted
running the simulation. This
for short lines to study the 50/60Hz
routine determines the impedance
load ow, and transient behaviour.
and admittance matrix giving the
This model is also used when tower
Vout/Vin transfer function, including
geometry is unknown.
the surge impedance. User can read
- The bergeron model: models
the computed values in a subsheet
transmission lines with distributed
of the line model.
parameters and travelling wave
delays. The line is represented with
Example 1
impedance and admittance matrix
We will see several characteristics
composed of line elements. It is a
of the lines with the following basic
convenient model when accurate
example (gure 3).
harmonics are not too important.
This model is more precise than the
Reections:
PI section model, particularly when
On a transmission line, the
the transmission line travelling wave
travelling wave times are not
time is longer than the simulation
neglected and the wave reection
time-step, i.e. greater than 15km
phenomena that can lead to
for 50microseconds.
voltage sags or overvoltages on
- Frequency dependend model:
the receiving end. The case above
The distributed parameters,
shows clearly the travel time when
travelling wave model is very
comparing both input and output
precise over a larger frequency
of the two transmission line phases
domain (DC to roughly 50kHz).
to phase voltages. Tline2 is twice
All of the frequency dependent
as long as Tline1 with the same
parameters of the cable, conductor,
conguration and separate ROWs.
and ROW are computed.
Thus, a travelling wave takes twice
as long to reach
the end of the
transmission
line
Tline2.
See the gure 4
below.

Figure 3: Capacitor switching case.

(continued on
page 7)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>
PSCAD and transmission lines.

-7-

(continued from page 6)

Fabrice Foucher - CEDRAT, Paul Wilson - MANITOBA HVDC.

Example 2 : Network
PSCAD simulates an entire electrical
network, from the source to the
load. With the following example,
we represent a transmission line
from the source to a first node
where the network is separated
into two branches, one simulated
by a three phase RC single line
load, and the other is simulated
with a second transmission line
at a different voltage level. From
there the network is again split into
two branches, both connected by a
short distribution line and a three
phases balanced load.

Figure 4 : Travelling wavess relections.

We can notice that the two
distribution lines in Figure 6 are
simulated by PI section models,
whereas the transmission lines
(figure 5) use more accurate
frequency dependent models.
The breakers are fully represented;
their red or green color allows us
to visualize their operating state
directly during the simulation.
Meters are placed at several
places on the network that will

Figure 6: Distribution circuit part 2 connected at T-Line2.

give instantaneous voltage and
power levels according to the
breaker operations and the load
variations. You can modify the
values of the load with slider
controls during the simulation and
see the effects on the measured
values. The following plots (gures
7 and 8) represent the sharing out
of the active and reactive power.
All values have been converted to
per unit quantities, actual units and
even the instantaneous values are
also available. The P0 and Q0 values
correspond to the source and P10
and Q10 values correspond to the
RC load, identiable by the sign of
the reactive power. Secondly, we
simulate various faults on any of
the branches of the network.

This fault is controlled by the

component Timed Fault Logic .
You can notice the parasite
oscillations upstream the fault
(gure 8).
It is possible to simulate a fault at
any place in the circuit. A phaseto-phase fault was recorded and

Figure 7: Power (pu) plots versus time.

In this example, an A phase to
ground fault at time t=0.9s for
a duration of 0.2s is initiated. All
breakers are closed for the entire
simulation.

Figure 8: RMS response to an A phase

to ground fault.

Figure 5: Transmission line circuit - Part1.

(continued on page 11)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>

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An example of link between FLUX2D and MATLAB

Simulink: Pulse Wave Modulation controlled supply
- PWM inverter.

Sbastien Cadeau-Belliard - CEDRAT.

here are many methods

to realise the DC / AC
controlled supply. One of
the most frequently used is the
Pulse Wave Modulation (PWM)
supply; the correspondent device
is denominated PWM inverter.
A Simulink model using the new
link between MATLAB Simulink
and FLUX2D has been established
in order to model such a PWM
inverter. This article describes the
models (FLUX2D and Simulink) as
well as the obtained results.

The time variation of voltage at

resistor R terminals that is similar
to the output current of the PWM
inverter is presented in gure 2.
Time variation and spectrum.
The modulation factors of amplitude
ma and frequency mf are dened
as follows:

whose values depend on the state of

the switch: when it is on-state, the
resistance is very low (for instance
0.1 m ) and when it is off-state,
the resistance is considerable (0.1
M for example).

where Vcontrol is the peak value of

the control sinusoidal signal and Vtri
is the peak value of the triangular
signal, and

Theoretical considerations [1]

Although he is aware that PWM
command has no longer any
secrets for the informed readers
of the FLUX Magazine, the author
reminds however the operation of
such PWM inverter [1], gure 1,
by considering one-phase case for
simplicity concerns.

Figure 1: The DC/AC supply of onephase load with a PWM inverter.

The inductive character of the load
(of R L type) ensures a relatively
smooth current at the inverter
output. The switches 1 and 2,
gure 1, are driven by comparing
a sinusoidal signal to a triangular
one. As the value of the sinusoidal
signal is superior to the triangular
signal, the upper switch is on state,
while the lower one is off state.
The switches 3 and 4 are driven in
the same way as switches 2 and 1,
respectively.

Figure 2: Voltage at the resistor terminals

of the load (FLUX2D results).

where fs is the cutting frequency

and f 1 is the frequency of the
fundamental of the output voltage,
respectively.
Several cases are then evident,
depending on the value of ma and mf.
In the present case, the amplitude
modulation factor has been chosen
in the linear zone (ma 1) and the
frequency modulation factor is
chosen to be high(mf >21; in this
case, mf = 44).
In such a case, the most important
harmonics are:
The fundamental
The harmonics (2k+1)mf and
(2k+1) mf 2
The harmonics (2k)mf and
(2k) mf 3
We can see in gure 2 that the
harmonic 42, 44 and 46 are not
negligible.

Studied device and

models
The example that follows is a threephase inductive filter, figure 2,
supplied from a DC voltage source
of 900 V by an inverter with IGBT
switches PWM controlled.
The load of the PWM inverter in the
electric circuit model, gure 4, is a
three-phase impedance consisting
of three resistances and inductances
star connected.
The values of amplitude and
frequency modulation factors are:
ma = 2/3 and mf = 21
Considering that the switches of
the three phase PWM inverter in
figure 4 are ideal, they can be
modeled by resistances R1, , R6

Figure 3: Three phase inductive filter.

Figure 4 : FLUX2D electric circuit model of

the device.
In MATLAB Simulink model of the
device, gure 5, three sinusoidal
sources are compared to a
triangular reference. Depending
on the sign of the differences, the
value of resistances that model
the switches is defined. These
values are then input values for
the Coupling with Flux2D block
(see gure 6).

Results
The results of simulation with
Flux2D Simulink coupling have
been compared below with those
of a FLUX2D simulation where the
states of switches are dened by an
user sub-program.

(continued on page 9)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

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-9-

An example of link between FLUX2D and

MATLAB Simulink: Pulse Wave Modulation
controlled supply - PWM inverter. (continued from page 8)
The Simulink oscilloscopes allow
us to see quantities defined as
output values in figure 5: the
currents and voltages in the three
phases (figure 7). The FLUX2D
postprocessor offers the simulation
results in gure 8, i.e. the time
variation of a phase current and
the result of Fourier analysis of
this current.
With the two simulation methods
(FLUX2D with user sub-program
simulation and Flux2D Simulink
coupling), nearest root mean
square values can be obtained
for the phase currents: 2.08A for
the case of the simulation by user
sub-program and 2.06A with the
Simulink model, respectively.

Figure 5: Simulink
model of the device.

Thanks to the link between FLUX2D

and MATLAB Simulink, the complex
cases of control-command such as
the PWM command can be simply
simulated with FLUX2D by means
of Simulink.
Notes :
[1] Mohan, Undeland, Robbins. Power
Electronics ; Converters, Applications
and Design . Second Edition. John
Wiley & Sons. 1995.

Figure 6: The block "Coupling Simulink

with Flux2D "

Figure 8 : Time variation of phase A

current and result of spectral analysis.

Partner !!
Sbastien Cadeau-Belliard - CEDRAT.

Since Flux2d to Simulink technology

has been released, things have
been progressing fast. Thanks to
this technology that has already
conquered some of our customers,
CEDRAT became MathWorks
Partner. CEDRAT is referenced
on The MathWorks website in the
heading Products / Third-party
products and services or at the
address below.
We are pleased to welcome
FLUX2D from Cedrat to the MATLAB
Connections Program, said Jim
Tung, Chief Market Development
Officer of The MathWorks Inc.
Systems and controls engineers

Figure 7: Time variation of currents in the

three phases of the filter.

use Simulink to
design, model,
and
simulate
systems, and to automatically
generate code for the embedded
algorithms. This interface enables
those engineers to incorporate
detailed models of electromagnetic
and electromechanical devices
easily in their Simulink simulations,
leading to better understanding of
system behaviour and faster testing
of designs.
We invite you to contact CEDRAT
to get full information about the
wide and new possibilities this
technology offers.

http://www.mathworks.com/products/connections/product_
main.shtml?prod_id=416

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>

- 10 -

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive

modelling using Flux to Simulink technology.
Frederik Dhulster Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen dept. PIH, Kortrijk, Belgium.

1 - Introduction
Switched reluctance machines
are relatively simple electric
machines but with a high degree of
nonlinearity. This yields a drive with
complicated algorithms to control
its nonlinear behaviour. SRM-drives
can be optimized for different
customer demands (maximum
efficiency, maximum torque,
minimum noise and vibration ).
To optimize its control parameters,
an accurate nonlinear model of
the SRM is required. The model,
presented in this article, uses the
Flux to Simulink technology. The
advantage of this coupled method
is the integration of a simple 2D FEmodel of the motor geometry into
a complex Matlab/Simulink model
of the drive with different control
optimizations.

2 - Basic principles of
SRMs
The concept of a switched
reluctance machine is very simple.
It consists of stator and rotor poles,
made of laminated steel with high
magnetic permeability. Only the
stator poles are excited by coils.
A typical conguration is the SRM
with 8 stator en 6 rotor poles, a socalled 8/6 SRM. With 8 coils on the
stator, 4 phases are created with
the corresponding coils in parallel.
A sequence of anti-clockwise
excitations of the different phases
results in a clockwise rotation of
the rotor due to a positive torque
generation. SRMs are characterized
by a ux-linkage and inductance
L, varying with position and
current. The position-dependent
behaviour is due to the geometry
of the overlapping stator and rotor
teeth. In most SRM-applications,
saturation occurs, resulting in a
nonlinear inductance and fluxlinkage. This nonlinear behaviour
explains the difculty in modelling
and controlling SRM-drives.

0.35 mm in this particular case.

This narrow airgap results in a large
gradient of the number of elements,
when moving away from
the airgap. A dual ring
in the airgap is
chosen to avoid
a mesh-ripple
in the airgap
torque calculation
(gure 2).
One ring
is modelled as
xed air
and the
other as a rotating airgap. The
coupled electric circuit consists of
the phase coils with a programmable voltage source and a switch
to obtain a unidirectional current.
The model is computed through
transient magnetic analysis. As can
be seen in gure 3, the magnetic
ux path depends on the number
of excited phases, which is dened
by the control angle strategy (on- ,
off- and freewheel-angle). The
FE-model not only calculates the
self-inductance but also mutual inductances and induced voltages are
computed because they can affect
the current and torque behaviour
of the SRM. Due to the length of
the rotor, which is three times the
rotor diameter, end-inductances are
neglected. For a shorter SRM, the
end-inductance can be integrated
into the electric circuit.

Figure 1 : 2D mesh of the motor geometry.

and a load-model. This fourquadrant drive model calculates the

different phase voltages at every
time step. One switch per phase
is added in the electric circuit to
inhibit current ow due to induced
voltages when the phase is not
activated. The main variables in
the control are the reference
current, the rotor position and the
rotor speed. Different control angle
optimization strategies can be easily
implemented into the model.

5 - Flux to Simulink
technology
The coupling between drive model
and FE-analysis is represented in
gure 4. The input parameters for
the FE-analysis are the applied
phase voltages, the switch
resistance values (RON or ROFF) and
the rotor speed.

Figure 2 : Influence of airgap mesh on torque

calculation (iref = 7.5A)

3 - FE-model

4 - SRM drive model

A 2D FE-model of the motor geometry is built. Due to the symmetry,

only half a motor is considered. The
mesh is illustrated in gure 1. Attention must be paid to the uniform
mesh of the airgap, which is about

A model of the complete SRM

drive (gure 4) consists of a threelevel (on, off and freewheeling)
current hysteresis controller with
soft-chopping, a phase-activation
control strategy, a speed controller

Figure 3 : Magnetic flux distribution during

simultaneously excited phases C and D.

(continued on page 11)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>

- 11 -

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive modelling

using Flux to Simulink technology. (continued from page 10)
Frederik Dhulster Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen dept. PIH, Kortrijk, Belgium.

The output parameters of the FEanalysis are the phase currents, the
coil voltages and the instantaneous
electromagnetic torque in the
airgap.
At every time-step (ts = 2.10-5 s),
data is exchanged between the
drive model and the FE-analysis.
This method has the great
advantage that a complex drive
model in Matlab/Simulink can be
used in combination with accurate
flux-linkage calculation, taking
into account the mutual coupling
between adjacent phases. The
disadvantage of this method is the
rather high calculation time, caused
by the high amount of elements in
Figure 4 : SRM drive model with Flux to Simulink technology.
the thin airgap. Figure 5 shows the
occurs, due to the excitation of adjacent
simulation results
phases D and B. Conform the ux distribution
of coil voltage,
of gure 3, this voltage is induced in phase A
phase current and
when phase B or D is activated together with
electromagnetic
phase C (see gure 5).
torque production
for a reference
current of 7.5 A
6 - Conclusion
and a rotor speed
The Flux to Simulink technology has proven
of 50 rad/s. The
to be an efcient tool to model complex
results clearly
motor drives in combination with accurate
show that, besides
flux-linkage calculation. Effects, such as
the normal ON,
mutual couplings and induced voltages, can
OFF and chopping
be analysed. Attention must be paid to the
voltage of phase
sample-time in Matlab/Simulink and the
A,
an
extra
number of elements in the FE-model in order
Figure 5 : Simulation results of Flux to Simulink technology.
induced voltage
to keep the computation time acceptable

PSCAD and transmission lines.

(continued from page 7)

Fabrice Foucher - CEDRAT, Paul Wilson - MANITOBA HVDC.

placed on the line at 30% of its

length from the load (gure 9).
As you can see below, breaker
currents from BRK22 were captured
in gure 10.
With the accurate models in
PSCAD, you can perform detailed
transient simulations of electrical
networks. The different types
of PSCAD models allow the user
a large degree of freedom in
designing simulations. Whatever
the goal of the study, users can
easily and quickly realize any kind
of simulation, and have discretion
on the degree of accuracy.

Figure 9:
Fault on the
line.

Figure 10:
Instantaneous traces
for a Line to Line fault
on A and B phase,
30% of the line.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>

- 12 -

2D Magnetostatic Analysis and 3D Thermal

Analysis of an Electromagnet.
Frederico Chiussi, DIE - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA.

A DC electromagnet for a
directional control valve
is characterised by the
presence of a cylindrical guide for
the mobile core.
This electromagnet is used to drive
a directional control valve with a
maximum pressure of 75 bars.
A magnetostatic study has been
carried out with FLUX2D for the
optimisation of the force in the
nominal working conditions, and
a thermal study with FLUX3D to
obtain the optimised magnetic
circuit to reduce temperature
in order to increase, in ne, the
force.
The difculty of the design consists
in the necessity to obtain a curve
of sufcient force to gain the total
resistant force for cold or hot
device, with the respect of project
bonds.

2D Magnetostatic
analysis
This phase of study is fundamentally
useful to optimise the geometry of
the cylindrical guide and the core.
The magnetic circuit is of armored
type and can be approximated to
axial-symmetrical type in FLUX2D,
considering an equivalent thickness
for the external part that gives
the same useful section for the
ux ow. In gure 1 we can see
the description of all regions in a
2D cross section of the magnet
central section. Only the upper coil
is energised. The electromagnet is
bidirectional and both displacements
are 3,0 millimetres long.
The coils nominal power was set
initially to 50W and a nominal
voltage source of 12V.
Shape and dimensions of the bronze
soldering, diameters and lengths of
the cylindrical guide and the core
have been optimised.

Figure 2 represents the ux density

map of the whole device and
gure 3 shows a zoom in proximity
of the welding.
The observation of the magnetic
pressure vectors demonstrates the
function of the triangular tip of the
welding, that concurs to obtain a
starting force approximately twice
than the one obtained without tip.

3D Thermal analysis
Due to the geometry of the
electromagnet, a bi-dimensional
axis symmetrical approximation
is not enough to obtain denitive
results: this is due to the external
embedding in polymeric resin
containing the device. Considering
the correct right external surfaces
and thickness of such insulating
shield is fundamental to get the
right heat exchange and so precise
temperature results.
Volume regions are represented in
the gure 4:
We can see the external magnetic
circuit with the cylindrical guide.
For symmetry reasons, half of the
device is represented.

Physical properties
The coil region has been dened
like a heat source. To obtain results
under high temperature condition,
the power of the same coil has been
set up as a function of the state
variable TEMPERATURE (Celsius
degrees temperature). The coil
power function is showed below:
*
where the numerator is the power
at the ambient temperature (20C),
0.0039 is the temperature coefcient
of copper and 1.4326.10-5 is the
volume (m3) of the half part of the
designed coil. With this formulation
the heat power generated of the coil
depends on the temperature of the
same region.
After setting the geometric
parameters up and defining the
heat sources, the convection
coefcients have been assigned to
the air-contact surfaces, making
opportune distinctions between

vertical and horizontal surfaces.

Formula used in order to dene
the convection (natural in air) and
radiation coefcients for the three
supercial regions:

Where:
T1: wall temperature [K]
T2: ambient temperature [K]
h: wall characteristic dimension [m]
The K coefcient is assigned as
function of the type of wall: for a
vertical wall it is 5.6, for a horizontal
wall under a device is a 20% less
(4.48), while for an upper vertical
wall it is 20% more (6.72).

Figure 2.

Figure 3.
In the same way h is the height of
the vertical wall, or in case of an
horizontal wall, half its width. In all
the formulae the rst term regards
convection, while the second
regards radiation.

Thermal analysis
results
Therefore the problem has been
solved to verify the evolution of

*
Figure 1.

(continued on page 13)

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

ACTIVE MATERIALS>>

- 13 -

APA towards new horizons.

Thomas Maillard - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES.

In the country of rising sun ...

EYSTONE INTERNATIONAL
Co. Ltd signed an agreement
of promotion and distribution
of our standard piezo products in
JAPAN. Mister Tamioshi KUROSAWA,
Marketing Director of Keystone, and
Mister Norio TATE, Sales Engineer,
would like to express to the Flux
magazine readers their feelings
about this new collaboration:
We are very pleased to have
received our recent initial order
from CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES.
Having received the order of two
APA S series from Tohoku University
became the first work for us
Keystone International for CEDRAT
TECHNOLOGIES.
We were impressed the quality of
product when it was unpacked, all
members at Keystone International
were pleased that the quality
verication would lead to generate
more customers. We think that

And also in Switzerland.

it is a very important element

for developing the business
in the future. When CEDRAT
TECHNOLOGIES would respond
the demand of Japanese customers,
we will be pleased to fulfil our
responsibility.

IWAG AG signed an
agreement of promotion and
distribution of our standard
piezo products in Switzerland.
Mister Jean Jacques WAGNER,
president of DIWAG, is also the
inventor of an innovating optical
encoder called Dicod. By
distributing Cedrat Technologies
piezo products, Mr Wagner is willing
to enlarge the DIWAG technological
offer in the micro-positioning
eld.
These two agreements will launch
for the rst time a full and exclusive
commercial activity for our piezo
products in Japan and Switzerland.
These agreements also supplements
our precedent agreements covering
the Benelux countries, Italy, Poland,
Germany, Austria, USA and India.
The search for partners in other
countries (UK, Spain, Scandinavia)
still continues.

2D Magnetostatic Analysis and 3D Thermal

Analysis of an Electromagnet. (continued from page 12)
Frederico Chiussi, DIE - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA.

Celsius temperatures on all the

volume regions (gure 5) and on
the longitudinal section .
Two sensors have been created for
the calculation of the temperature
of the coil section center
(temperatures on support point)
and for the computation of the
power integral on the coil volume.
Under high temperature conditions
power is equal to 32.9 Watt. The
maximum temperature on the

excited coil is equal to 153C.

This implies that high temperature
current is 66% of the nominal
current.

discrepancies (always comprised

within 10%) on forces and
temperatures results.

Conclusion
The important results obtained
from the thermal analysis allowed
to observe the negative infuence of
the supercial resin (low thermal
conductivity coefcient) on thermal
exchange. The thermal analysis
has concurred to preview the
value of the magnetizing current
at high temperature condition and
therefore a new magnetostatic
analysis with FLUX2D has been
carried out in order to verify if the
force of under high temperature
condition was sufficient to gain
total resistant force.
Experiences have confirmed the
theoretical forecasts, with minimal

Figure 5.

Figure 4.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

SOFTWARE>>

- 14 -

FLUX software on Quality Assurance with EDF!

Patrick Lombard CEDRAT.

LUX software is controlled under quality assurance procedures according to EDF (French Historical Power Supplier)
standards. These Quality Assurance procedures have been effective since 1994 for 2D applications (version 7.12) 1998
for 3D applications (version 3.10).
A Software Quality Assurance Plan has been set up to dene software development procedures and ill functionnings. Several
cases types has been dened:
Analytical cases: those cases test unique features comparing FLUX results with analytical formulae,
Numerical cases: those cases are run for every version to test the software non regression (around 50 cases for the whole
FLUX software),
Physical cases: FLUX results are compared to measurements.
In the mean time, the documentation quantity has been largely increased.
Three types of documents are now available:
Users guide (700 pages in 2D, 1000 pages in 3D),
Tutorials, explaining every command to complete the case (mouse click,
text)
-2D : Magnetostatic, Thermal, Electrostatic, Brushless DC machine,
Induction machine, Induction heating, Translating motion
-3D : Magnetostatic.
Technical papers, explaining briey all the commands to complete the
case as well as main results.
-2D : Superconductors, Transformers, FLUX2D to Simulink technology,
-3D : DC machine, End windings characterisation.

QUAL
A SURANCE
A
CER
TE

CEDRAT

ance

The whole documentation represents around 6000 pages. All the les
are available on FLUX CDRom with the PDF format, as well as the FLUX
les corresponding to both tutorials and technical papers.

The Quality Assurance

r
prrocedurre has been constantly followed for FLUX2D since 1994 and for FLUX3D since 1998.

Compumag 2003, Saratoga Springs, USA.

The 14th Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields.
13th - 18th july 2003 - Shep Salon - RPI.

e are very excited to be

hosting COMPUMAG 2003
in Saratoga Springs, New
York. Let me tell you a bit about
the location. Saratoga Springs
is located in upstate New York,
midway between the southern part
of the Adirondack Mountains and
the New York State Capitol region
(Albany, Schenectady and Troy). It
is close to Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute where the arrangements
are being made. Besides RPI, we
are fortunate to have local industry
and research laboratories, which
will also help in the organization.
These industrial partners include
the General Electric Research Labs
and Knolls Atomic Power Labs in
Schenectady and Xerox Research
Labs in Tarrytown, New York.
By the time you read this article,
the first call for papers should
have reached you. Our web-site,

although still under construction, is

up and running. Please check it out
at www.compumag2003.com.
We have been in contact with our
colleagues at McGill University
who are gearing up for the paper
review process. Rooms and
conference facilities have been
booked in the Sheraton Saratoga
(main site) and additional rooms
at the Saratoga Springs Holiday
Inn. We are in the nal stages
of arranging the conference
banquet. We are committed to
making the conference a scientic
success as well as a pleasurable
and memorable experience. We
know we have a hard act to follow
after Compumag-Evian, but hope
to match the blend of technical
excellence and social events that
the Lyon team provided.
Other information will be posted
on our website as is becomes

available. Please check it often.

We would appreciate any comments
and suggestions sent to our email
site at :
secreteriat@compumag2003.com.
On behalf of the CompumagSaratoga team we are looking
forward to seeing you in July
2003.

Compumag site The Saratoga Springs

Sheraton Hotel.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

AGENDA

- 15 -

EPE 2003. The 10

th

European Conference on
Power Electronics and Applications
2 - 4 September 2003, Centre Pierre Baudis, Toulouse, France.
EPE Association is delighted to invite you to submit a synopsis for presentation at
the EPE 2003 Conference. More information regarding the submittance of synopses
(procedures, requirements, topics and subtopics) can be found on the EPE 2003
Conference internet site: http://epe2003.inp-toulouse.fr
Intending authors should note following deadlines:
Notication of provisional acceptance: 10th of February 2003
Receipt of full typescript for nal review: 15th of April 2003

Liste of topics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Devices
Power electronic system design & Packaging
Power electronics converter circuits
Modulation strategies and specic
control methods for static converter
Application of control methods to electrical systems
Motion control and robotics
Measurements and sensors
Power supplies
Electrical machines and adjustable speed drives
Power electronics and drives in space and aerospace
Power electronics and drives in surface transport
Power Electronics in generation, transmission
and distribution of electrical energy
Systems engineering
Education

Dates to
remember

January 28-30, 2003 (Cedrat Technologies & Adaptronics)

PHOTONICS West Exhibition, San Jose Convention
Center, San Jose, CA, USA.

February 09-13, 2003 (Magsoft)

APEC 2003, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference
and Exposition, Miami, FL, USA.

February 19, 2003 (Cedrat)

Advanced Electromagnetic Modelling & CAD for Industrial Applications, UK Mag Society, United Kingdom.
March 01-06, 2003 (Adaptronics & Magsoft)
International Society for Optical Engineering, Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, SPIE, San
Diego, CA, USA.
April 06-11, 2003 (Magsoft)
Users Group Meeting & Training Sessions 2003, Sheraton
Waterside Hotel, Norfolk, VA, USA.
April 07-12, 2003 (Maccon)
Hannover Messe 2003, Hannover, Germany.
April 09-11, 2003 (Cedrat)
ICREPQ 2003, Intrenational Conference on renewable
energy & Power Quality, Vigo, Spain.

EPE Association is looking forward to welcome you at our event.

Contact:
EPE Association, C/o VUB - TW - ETEC,
Pleinlaan 2, Avenue de la Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Tel: +32 / (0)2 - 629.28.19 - Fax: +32 / (0)2 - 629.36.20.
E-Mail: epe-association@vub.ac.be
URL: http://www.epe-association.org

May 12-14, 2003 (Cedrat)

ISEM 2003, 11th Int. Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics & Mechanics, Versailles, Paris, France.
May 15-16, 2003 (Cedrat)
Ende 2003, 9th International Workshop on Electromagnetic, CEA Saclay, France.
May 20-22, 2003 (Maccon)
PCIM Europe 2003, Nuremberg, Germany.

Institut National Polytechnique - ENSEEIHT-LEEI

2, Rue Camichel BF 7122
F - 31071 Toulouse Cedex 7
Fax: +33 / (0)5 61.63.88.75.
epe2003@leei.enseeiht.fr

May 20-23, 2003 (Cedrat)

7me journes de Cryognie et Supraconductivit,
Aussois, France.
June 23-26, 2003 (Scientic Instruments & Cedrat
Technologies)
Laser Show 2003, Munchen, Germany.

Training courses
February 11-13, 2003
Active Materials and Actuators
March 5-7, 2003
May 5-7, 2003
Magnetism for Electrotechnics
March 11-13, 2003
September 16-18, 2003
ATILA Introductory course
March 26-28, 2003
November 19-21, 2003
FLUX (2D) Introductory course
April 2-4, 2003
November 26-28 2003
FLUX (3D) Introductory course
April 9-10, 2003
FLUX (2D) Advanced course

May 19, 2003

September 10, 2003
Magnetism Introductory
course
June 3-6, 2003
FLUX (3D) & Rotating
machines
June 11-13, 2003
December 17-19, 2003
PSCAD Introductory course
October 20-22, 2003
Thermal analysis
October 29-31, 2003
FLUX(2D) & Rotating
machines

A full list of training programs can be obtained from Jolle Lescne at CEDRAT, or
from our Internet site http://cedrat.com. The dates are already fixed up until the end of
year 2003, allowing you to prepare your training course calendar.
Email : training@cedrat.com.

July 13-18, 2003 (Magsoft)

Compumag 2003, Sheraton and Conference Center,
Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
September 02-04, 2003 (Cedrat)
EPE 2003, 10th European Conference on Power Electronics,
Toulouse, France.
September 02-05, 2003 (Cedrat Technologies & Project)
SMART'03, Varsovia, Poland.
September 21-25, 2003 (Magsoft)
EMCW Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding expo
2003, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
October 23-24, 2003 (Cedrat)
European Flux Users Club 2003, Paris, France.
November 02-06, 2003 (Magsoft)
Power Systems World 2003, Long Beach, CA, USA.
CEDRAT, CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES and partners will take
part in the above exibitions.

ISEM 2003

Versailles, France.
11th International Symposium
on Applied Electromagnetics and
Mechanics: 12-14 May, 2003

NEW- NEW!! New FLUX software version 8

on demo in the Cedrat bouth.

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.

For all your projects in electrical engineering, the CEDRAT Group provides a
fully integrated line of tools, products and
services.
CEDRAT and its partners form a worldwide
consortium with a reputation built on the
success of FLUX software, APA piezo
actuators, and R&D activity.
FLUX, quality-certified through EDF, has
more than 600 companies as clients,
active in research and production of every
type of electric machine or process, from
small appliances to large machinery, in
automotive and aerospace industries,
energy transfer and conversion,
telecommunications, household
appliance and medicine Flux supports
high-precision design of electrical and
electromechanical devices. Coupled with
other programs, Flux solutions expand into
drive technology, mechanics, acoustics and
thermal analysis.

CEDRATs extensive R&D activity is

conducted by a multidisciplinary team
of experts. CEDRATs laboratories are
equipped with a complete library of
engineering software and specialised
measurement apparatus.
CEDRAT focuses its expertise on industry
needs for innovation and optimisation
and is a member of EARTO (European
Association of Research and Technology
Organisations). CEDRATs innovations
are part of your life today (fuel injection,
watch motors, industrial cooktops, stress
sensors) and will work to bring you a safe
and comfortable future as well (vehicle
suspension, flight control, electromagnetic
bar codes).
Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators
demonstrate Cedrats outstanding
innovation in smart materials applications.
CEDRATs smart materials-based line
of products meets the most stringent
specifications for aerospace and industry.

- europA:
Austria - Switzerland: APPLIED MAGNETICS.
Rue de la Gare 15A, CH - 1110 Morges, Switzerland.
Phone: +41 21 803 58 68
magnetics@bluewin.ch

Fax: +41 21 803 58 78

Parc Scientifique du Sart Tilman, Rue des Chasseurs

Ardennais, 4031 Angleur, Belgium.
Phone: +32 4 365 23 63
Fax: +32 4 365 23 46
Nloix@micromega-dynamics.com http://micromega-dynamics.com
Piezo

Fax: +359 2 9 88 51 84

1 Eaton Court, Tetchill, Ellesmere, Shropshire, SY129DA, U.K.

Phone: +44-(0)1691-623305
info@motor-design.com

Fax: +1 419 831 92 55

http://motor-design.com/

Rua Florida, 512, 09550-000 So Caetano do Sul - S P, Brazil.

CAE

Croatia-Bosnia: Faculty of Engineering .

Vukovarska 58 - 51000 Rijeka - Croatia.

Phone: +55 11 3091 54 15

cardoso@pea.usp.br

Fax: +55 11 3814 40 13

1223 Peoples Avenue - Troy, New York - 12180, USA.

Phone: +1 518 276 24 84
info@adaptronics.com

Finland: COSPHI ONE Ltd.

Fax: +1 518 271 83 66

http://www.adaptronics.com

Piezo

Suomelantie 159, FIN-08350 PUSULA, Finland

Fax: +358 9 225 48 89

Canada - USA: MAGSOFT Corp.

1223 Peoples Avenue - Troy, New York - 12180, USA.

CAE

Germany - Austria: SI Scientic Instruments GmbH.

Romerstr. 67, D-82205 Gilching, Germany.

Fax: +49 8105 5577

http://www.si-gmbh.de

Phone: +1 518 271 13 52

info@magsoft-flux.com

Fax: +1 518 271 83 66

http://magsoft-flux.com

CAE

Kuehbachstrasse 9, D-81543, Mnchen, Germany.

25/58-3, Savitha, Thottungal, Palakkad, Kerala - 678014 India.

Phone: +49 89 65 12 20 0
anders@maccon.de

Phone: +91 491 525 525

info@maxsoft-india.com

CAE

CAE - Piezo

Italy: SPIN Applicazioni Magnetiche S.r.l.

Indonesia & Singapore: Peacock Technology Pte Ltd.

Phone: +39 0 523 99 30 32

info@spinmag.it.

Phone : +65 747 4460

Via Prato Grande 2/1, 29010, Nibbiano (PC), Italy.

Fax: +39 0 523 99 34 77
http://www.spinmag.it

Fax: +91 491 525 785

http://www.maxsoft-india.com

627A Alljunied Road, Biztech Centre, #04-01.

Singapore 389842.
Fax : +65 747 6460

CAE-Piezo

CAE

Switzerland: DIWAG AG.

Japan: Keystone International Co. Ltd.

Grossfeld 39, FL-9492, ESCHEN, Liechtenstein.

Phone: +423 232 8555
diwag@pingnet.ch

Fax: +48 22 826 98 15

Kurosawa Building, 3F
13-27 Sakasai Kashiwa Chiba, 277-0042 Japan.
Phone: +81 45 586 0800
key@keystone-intl.co.jp

Piezo

Fax: +81 45 586 0792

www.keystone-intl.co.jp

Poland: PROJECT Uslugi Informatyczne.

Piezo

Phone: +48 22 818-42-21

biuro@pcproject.com.pl

Heiwa Plaza # 305 8-12 Toyooka - Tsurumi-ku,

Yokohama-shi, 230, Japan.

03-455 W-Warszana, ul. Namyslowska 19 m.35, Poland.

Fax: +48 22 826 98 15

Piezo

CAE

Romania: Univ. POLITEHNICA de Bucarest.

CAE

Phone: +82 2 539 4100

jw@jaewoo.com

Fax: +82 2 539 4151

http://jaewoo.com

Taiwan: Scientic Formosa Inc.

Phone: +886 2 2505 05 25

Fax: +886 2 2503 16 80
support@sciformosa.com.tw http://sciformosa.com.tw

Slovenia: Bober Inzenering.

Fax: +1 204 453 5074

http://hvdc.ca

Finland: LUT (Motors).

PO Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.

Phone: +358 5 621 67 22
fluxsupport@ee.lut.fi

Fax: +358 5 621 67 99

http://ee.lut.fi

France: CEGELY (PHI3D Software).

38 Avenue Guy de Collongue, BP 163
69131 Ecully Cedex, France.

Phone: +33(0)4 72 18 60 96
Fax: +33(0)4 78 43 39 62
alain.nicolas@eea.ec-lyon.fr http://cegely.ec-lyon.fr

BP46, 38402 Saint Martin dHres, France.

Phone: +33(0)4 76 82 62 99
Fax: +33(0)4 76 82 63 00
jean-louis.coulomb@leg.ensieg.inpg.fr
http://www.leg.ensieg.inpg.fr

France: Imagine (Fluid Power).

5 rue Brison, 42300 Roanne, France.

Phone: +33(0)4 77 23 60 30
Fax: +33(0)4 77 23 60 31
imagine@amesim.com http://amesim.com

France: ISEN (ATILA Software).

Fax: +33(0)3 20 30 40 51
http://isen.fr

France: Prismeca (InductionHeating).

7, rue Jean Mermoz, 78000 Versailles - France.

Phone: +33(0)1 39 02 72 58
prismeca@prismeca.com

Fax: +33(0)1 39 01 01 64
http://prismeca.com

Italy: Laboratorio Elettrosico (Magnetizing Technics).

Via G. Ferrari, 14 - 20014 Nerviano, Milano, Italy.
Phone: +39 0 331 58.97.85
Fax: +39 0 331 58.57.60
info@laboratorio.elettrofisico.com
http://www.laboratorio.elettrofisico.com

Italy: Studio di Ingegneria

(InductionHeating).

via S.Rosa 20 - 35141 Padova - Italy.

Phone: +39 049 665720
michele.forzan@tin.it

Fax +39 049 665720

http://www.magnetic.it

Sweden: R.I.T. (KTH)

(Motors).

UK: SPEED Laboratory (Speed

software).

University of Glasgow - Department of Electronics & Electrical

Engineering - Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK.
Phone: +44 141 330 3157
t.miller@elec.gla.ac.uk

Fax: +44 141 330 3158

USA: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

(Software).

ECSE Dept. (Electrical, Computer and System Engineering Department)

Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
Phone: +1 518 276 82 96
salons@rpi.edu

http://rpi.edu

CAE

Zasavska c. 20A, 4000 Kranj, Slovenia

Phone: +386 4 2356710
Fax: +386 4 2356710
info@boberenziniring-bb.si
http://boberenziniring-bb.si
CAE

Korea: JAEWOO Technology Co. Ltd.

11th Fl, 354 Fu-Hsing North Rd - Taipei, Taiwan ROC.

CAE

Phone: +1 204 989 1240

info@hvdc.ca

Phone: +46 8 790 77 36

Fax: +46 8 20 52 68
juliette@ekc.kth.se
http://ekc.kth.se/eme/eme_eng.html

Fax: +81 47 175 5669

Jangan Bldg 2F, 688-5, YukSam-Dong, KangNam-Ku 135-080,

Seoul, Korea.

Phone: +40 21 411 65 58

Fax: +40 21 411 65 58
firetean@electro.masuri.pub.ro

244 Cree Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba,

R3J 3W1 - Canada.

Phone: +81 47 175 8810

Phone: +48 42 658 14 00

info@termagsoft.com.pl

Facult d'Electrotechnique, Laboratoire TEM

Splaiul Independentei 313 - 77206 Bucarest, Romania.

Canada: Manitoba HVDC Research Centre

(Power System Simulator).

Department of Electric Power Engineering,

Electrical Machines and Drives
Teknikringen 33 S-100 44 Stockholm - Sweden.

Poland: TermagSoft.

Fax: +48 42 658 14 00

http://termagsoft.com.pl

CEDRAT

Japan: Small Motors Laboratory.

CAE

Ul. Studzinskiego 57 / 30 - 91-498 Lodz, Poland.

Strong synergy between its software,

hardware, and research activities and a
worldwide network of distributors make
CEDRAT your partner for any electrical
engineering project.

Phone: +33(0)3 20 30 40 50
jean-claude.debus@isen.fr

Germany: Maccon GmbH.

Fax: +49 89 65 52 17
http://www.maccon.de

CEDRAT offers comprehensive training

in magnetism and electrical and electric
power engineering.

41 Bld Vauban, 59800 Lille, France.

- AsIA:
India: Maxsoft.

Piezo

CEDRAT provides a complete

range of precision instruments for
electromagnetic measurements and
magnetization.

France: ENSIEG - L.E.G. ( FLUX Software).

CAE

Canada - USA - Mexico: ADAPTRONICS Inc.

Fax: +385 51 675818

CAE

Phone: +49 8105 77940

info@SI-GmbH.de

UK: Motor Design Ltd.

- AMERICA:
Brazil: ELECTROMAGNETICS TECNOLOGIA.

Faculty of Electrical Engineering (bl. 12)

N8, Bld "Kl. Ohridski" - Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria.

Phone: +358 40 564 22 91

roggo@cosphi.inet.fi

Fax: +34 961 309 167

http://www.indielec.es

CAE

Bulgaria: Technical University Soa.

Phone: +385 51 651443

livio.susnjic@pu.tel.hr

Pont Sec 5, Poligono Industrial Moncada II - 46116 MONCADA

(Valencia), Spain.
CAE

Benelux: Micromega Dynamics SA.

Phone: +359 2 9 88 51 84
vdla@vmai.acad.bg

Spain: INDIELEC.
Phone: +34 607 330 112
indielec@indielec.es

CAE

Application fields include precise and rapid

actuation, optics, instrumentation and
control of vibrations.

Partners :

World wide representation:

UT
CEDRAT
ABOUT CEDRAT

Cedrat, your partner in electrical engineering.

CAE: Distribution of CAE software for Electrical Engineering - Piezo: Distribution of Piezo Products

N 41 - January 2003 - CEDRAT - CEDRAT TECHNOLOGIES - MAGSOFT Corp.