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AP Bio
Mr. Didden
1/11/17
Chapter 18 Study Guide
1) Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription
known as the operon model, was described by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in
1961.
The five genes coding for the subunits of these enzymes are clustered
Transcription gives rise to one long mRNA molecule that codes for all five
The operator, located within the promoter or between the promoter and
the enzyme-coding genes, controls the access of RNA polymerase to the genes.
The operator, the promoter, and the genes they control constitute an
operon.
The trp operon (trp for tryptophan) is one of many operons in the E. coli
genome.
The operon can be switched off by a protein called the trp repressor.
The regulatory gene, lacI, located outside the operon, codes for an
allosteric repressor protein that can switch off the lac operon by binding to the operator.
Unlike the trp operon, the lac repressor is active all by itself, binding to the
operator and switching the lac operon off.
The lac operon is under dual control: negative control by the lac repressor
cell type in a multicellular organism, depends on the appropriate set of genes being
expressed.
where the DNA attaches to the chromosome scaffold or nuclear lamina affect whether
the gene is transcribed.
Enzymes that modify chromatin structure are integral parts of the cells
machinery for regulating transcription.
regulated.
Mutations making specific cell cycle proteins impervious to proteasome
degradation can lead to cancer.