This is VALVE TIMING DIAGRAM

Intake Stroke: Intake valve open before 5 of TDC (Top Dead Center).
Compression Stroke: Intake valve close after 45 of BDC (Bottom Dead Center).
Power Stroke: Exhaust valve open before 45 of BDC.
Exhaust Stroke: Exhaust valve close after 5 of TDC.
As refer to this diagram, VALVE OVERLAP occurred at end of Exhaust Stroke when both intake valve and exhaust
valve were open. That means intake valve open before remaining combustion gases completely removed from
combustion chamber. The purpose of valve overlap is to improve the efficiency of engine by removes the remaining
combustion gases from combustion chamber and fresh air enters to combustion chamber at the same time. This
process also known as SCAVENGING PROCESS.