Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction to
General Applications
O c t o b e r 2000
Table of Contents
Section 1Starting a MineSight 2 Project
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Data Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 2Navigating MineSight
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Importing VBM Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Object Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Viewer Set up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Viewer Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Volume Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2-D Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Section 3Editing Polylines
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2-D Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Selecting and Saving Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Converting Data to 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Editing 3-D Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Exporting VBM / 2-D Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section 4Triangulation
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Preparing an Object to Hold New Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Exporting DTMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
More Details on Object Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Triangulating Using a Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Contouring a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Merging Surfaces with the Surface Intersector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Checking Your Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Creating a Solid with the Surface Intersector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Getting Volumes From a Solid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Getting Volumes Between Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
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59
Section 8Models
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3-D Block Model Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3-D Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Exposed Ore Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Gradeshells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2-D Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Model Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Non-Orthogonal Grids and Model Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2-D Surface Model Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
Preparing Your Materials for Coding the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Coding File 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Gridding File 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Section 9Plotting
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Plotting with the Printer Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
The Plot Layout Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Editing your Plot Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Plot Page Settings (Plot Layout) or Plot Settings (Printer Icon) . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Adding Labels to your Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Element Attribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
Section 10Pit Design in MineSight 2
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Preparing the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Using the Pit Expansion Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Merging the Pit with Topo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Calculating Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Checking ORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
Setting up pitres.dat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
Section 11Dump Design and Volume Determination
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
MineSight Approach Exercise 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Section 12Cut and Fill for Road Design
Learning Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Design a Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Attach Templates to Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Obtain and Balance Cut & Fill Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Merge the Road with Existing Topo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
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Creating a New
Project
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A. Create a new MineSight 2 project and import PCF limits.
B. Understand the various types of icons that appear in the Data Manager
window.
C. Organize your project into folders.
D. List the four data types available in MineSight 2.
Bring up MineSight 2 by typing ms2 at a command prompt.
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This window only comes up when you specify a directory that does not have
a MineSight 2 project already started. The resource folder is a subdirectory
off the main project directory that contains all the MineSight 2 files. This
subdirectory is always called _MSRESOURCES. Click Yes.
Since this is a new project, the first thing we need to do is initialize it. The
easiest way to do this is click on Initialize from an Existing PCF. The PCF
we want is msop10.dat. After you select the correct PCF, click OK.
Now we are all set to begin our project. Lets start by taking a look at the
MineSight 2 interface. The MineSight 2 interface consists of three
windows. The main window contains the Viewer, the icons for display
options, and different pull-down menus. The Data Manager window contains
the file structure. The Messenger window comes up whenever there is a
message.
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Data Manager
Notice that the Data Manager window floats on top of the Viewer.
This window can be closed so that the entire Viewer can be seen.
You can open and close the Data Manager window with the icon
shown here.
The Data Manager lists all the objects in our MineSight 2 project. These
objects are organized into folders. This is patterned after Windows NT
Explorer. Only folders are shown in the top half of the Data Manager
window; folders and objects are shown in the bottom half. Some default
objects and folders are created when a project is initialized.
Two objects, called Project Settings and Viewer 1, are created in the New
Resource Map folder. Project Settings contains the project limits, units and
similar information. Double click on Project Settings.
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The project limits are inactive because once a project has been set up, the
limits cannot be changed. However, in MineSight 2, you are not restricted
to working within the project limits, as you are in some of our older
programs. Now click the Properties tab. The option Show Bounding Box
displays a wireframe box around the project area. The option Show Axes
displays x, y and z axes.
Viewer 1 is your Viewer window. This is listed as an object because you can
have several viewers at a time and have different properties in each viewer.
The two folders that are created underneath the New Resource Map folder
are Items and Materials. The Items folder contains the item cutoffs. The
Materials folder contains all the material types for the project. No other
objects should be in these two folders.
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The row of icons along the top of the Data Manager window represents the
different data types used in MineSight 2.
FOLDERS
Folders are used to organize data. They can be created within MineSight 2
or from outside the program. To create a new folder while in MineSight 2,
click New Resource Map in the Data Manager window. Click right, then
click New $ Folder.
The new folder will be created in the folder that is highlighted. MineSight 2
will provide default names for all new folders and objects. For this folder,
replace the default name with Training and click OK. A new folder called
Training will appear in the Data Manager window.
It is also possible to add folders from outside of MineSight 2. To do this,
first close down MineSight 2 by clicking File $ Quit. Click Yes in
response to Exit MineSight 2? and No to Save project map?
MineSight 2 Only Workbook May 2000
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There are four data types in MineSight. They are geometry, grid sets, model
views and drillhole views. Geometry includes Survey, VBM, 3-D Geometry
and text. Model views include File 13 and 15 models as well as Gradeshells.
As we will see later, objects are all created in a similar manner as folders.
Instead of choosing to create a new folder, choose whichever data type is
appropriate.
To add new data into a geometry object, it must be in edit mode.
To put an object into Edit mode, highlight the object in the Data Manager
Window, click right and select Edit. The picture next to the name will
change from a red box to an open yellow box.
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When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A. Import VBM data.
B. Navigate the MS2 interface, and use the mouse chords to display data as
desired.
C. Understand how object properties control display attributes.
D. Query MineSight objects.
E. Set viewer properties, including 2-D mode and 3-D mode with volume
clipping.
Importing VBM
Data
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This brings up the VBM Import window. Here you can select the planes and
features to import. Planes can be chosen individually from the list or
specified with a minimum, maximum and increment. The easiest option is
probably just to choose All Planes. Features can also be chosen one at a time
or with a wildcard selection. An example of wildcard selection is 8*, which
would select all feature codes beginning with an 8. To import the planes and
features youve selected, click Apply.
Import all the planes, and feature codes 804, 807, and 901. In the Data
Manager window, you can see three new Geometry Objects. These are 804,
807, and 901. Also created, is a Grid Set called msop25.top_gridset, which
follows the naming convention VBMfilename_gridset. These Grid Sets will
contain a grid for each plane present in the VBM file, MSOP25.TOP in this
case. Close the VBM Import window.
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Object Properties
Now that we have imported some features as objects, lets look at the object
properties. Double click on feature 804 in the Data Manager window. Notice
that this object has material type pit ramp. That happens because material pit
ramp has VBM code 804 on its Material tab. Therefore, any time VBM
feature 804 is imported, it will have this material. Since object properties
override material properties, we can change properties at the object level.
The General tab allows you to turn different types of data on and off. For
instance, if you don't want to see polylines, just uncheck Show Polylines.
The Global Color can also be set on this tab. This will set the color of all the
different types of data (nodes, polylines, surfaces, etc) in this object at the
same time.
The Points, Polylines, Surfaces and Labels tabs have options to change the
display properties of these data types.
The Info tab has information about the object in which the VBM
information is stored. There is also space for any notes you wish to
make.
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Object Query
You can use the query icon to find out where a polyline belongs. Query
some of the polylines on the screen. Since they are 2-D data, in which the Zvalue is constant for all points on the polyline, a plane will be associated
with the polyline in the MineSight Query window.
Viewer Set up
Use the pull-down menu to change the grid style to Labels and Lines. A grid
will appear in the Viewer. The grids controlled here are just for reference.
They will automatically adjust with changes to the azimuth and dip, as well
as when you pan or zoom in or out.
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There are several different types of grids available. Labels and lines seem to
be a good option, especially for plotting. Change the Grid Style to see what
the other options look like.
Notice that if the Grid Style is Marks or Labels and Marks, the Grid Marks
Style pull-down menu becomes activated. Marks are the grid intersections.
There are also options for changing the color of the grid and the size of the
grid labels. Try the different options. Click OK when finished.
Now lets take a look at how to adjust the view. The azimuth and dip are
adjusted using the controls at the top of the Viewer.
The azimuth and dip can also be controlled with the mouse buttons. Hold
down both the left and the right mouse buttons while moving the mouse
around. Or with a three-button mouse, hold the middle button while moving
the mouse.
The mouse can also be used to zoom in and out. With a three-button mouse
hold the middle and left mouse buttons and drag. With a two-button mouse,
continuously press the Alt key and both mouse buttons, and drag the mouse.
Panning left, right, up, and down is also done with the mouse. With a threebutton mouse hold the right and middle mouse buttons and drag. With a twobutton mouse, hold the Shift key and both mouse buttons, and drag the
mouse.
There are several icons at the top of the Viewer that are very useful in
adjusting the display.
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Viewer Modes
Volume Clipping
Immediately you can see a difference. You are viewing only the data around
plane 2900 in the installed Grid Set. Use the plane controls at the top of the
viewer to step through the data. You can also use the pull-down list at the
top right-hand corner of the viewer to pick specific planes.
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Click the Viewer Properties icon again. Click on the Clipping tab.
The Volume Clipping Range controls the amount of data shown. The way
volume clipping works is that only the data within a certain range of the
desired plane is displayed. Here is where the range is set. It can be equal or
unequal on either side of the plane.
Change the distance to 15.1 and click Apply. This changed the total area
being reviewed from 15 meters (7.5 on either side of the plane) to 30.2
meters (15.1 meters on either side of the plane.
One of the big advantages of volume clipping is the ability to change the
azimuth and dip. This is not the case with 2-D mode. 2-D mode forces the
view normal to installed Grid Set. The view can be changed 180o but thats
it. Lets take a look at 2-D mode.
2-D Mode
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Quick Viewer
Movement Mode
The Quick Viewer Movement Mode is useful when displaying complex data
with surfaces, labels, and block model or drillhole information. With the
Quick Viewer Movement Mode activated, the labels and faces will not be
visible and the polyline thickness will be set to a minimum when rotating,
zooming in or out, or panning the data. After the rotation, zoom, or pan is
finished, the whole data set is displayed again.
Bring the Object Properties window for the Geometry Object 804, under the
tab Line Labels click on Z Value. The elevation for the pit outlines is now
displayed.
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Now close the Properties window and use the mouse chords to rotate, zoom,
or pan the data. The polyline elevation labels are always visible. Now click
Tools $ Quick Viewer Movement. Rotate, zoom, or pan the data again, and
notice that now the labels are turned off during the movement.
Go back to the Object Properties window for Geometry Object 804, and turn
off the Z Value labels.
Viewer Pop-up
Menu
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Page 210
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
2-D Data
It is best to edit 2-D data in 2-D mode, to ensure that data remains on the
original plane. All data that has been imported from VBM files is 2-D data.
In preparation for data editing, open object 901 and close any other objects
that might be open. Verify that msop25.top_gridset is attached to the viewer
and go into 2-D mode. Choose plane 2660, and set the plane filter range to 1
plane in the negative direction. This actually allows one plane above the
current plane to show up in 2-D mode, so that data on both planes 2660 and
2675 will appear.
Selecting and
Saving Data
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
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Converting Data to
3-D
If the data is really 3-D data, it cannot be edited in 2-D mode. 3-D data
shows up as transient in 2-D mode; this means that while you can see it, any
edits you make will not be saved to the actual object. To see how this works,
do the following exercise:
A. Unselect and save any selected data in 901. Go into 2-D mode, with one
plane selected on the planes box on the Clipping tab of the Viewer
Properties window. Then select the Eastern polyline in object 901 on
plane 2675. It is the darker polyline in figure 1 below.
B. Use the query icon to query this polyline. Notice that it has a
plane assigned, and that Transient is False. That means that
this data is editable in the current mode, which is 2-D. Click
right to exit Query mode.
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C. Now Choose Polyline $ Convert 2D to 3D. Select the polyline and click
right. Then save the data. In 2-D mode, it will disappear. Change to 3-D
mode. It is visible again. Change back to 2-D mode and query this
polyline. It now has no assigned plane, and Transient is True. That
means that, while an image of this polyline appears when you are in 2-D
mode, the actual polyline is not visible. It cannot be selected, either, as it
is now 3-D data.
Try to select data in 2-D mode. You will see that, while the 2-D polyline on
plane 2660 can be selected, the 3-D polyline on 2675 can no longer be
selected in 2-D mode. Unselect and save when you are done.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
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Now that you have created one 3-D polyline on plane 2675, lets experiment
with editing in 3-D mode.
Change to 3-D mode, with volume clipping set to equal, and current plane of
2675. Select the one polyline that you changed to 3-D. Thats the darker line
in the figure below.
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Click right to get out of Point Move mode. Then click the Undo
icon to undo your changes.
The Point Editor can be used to keep edits within realistic limits.
Use the Clipping icon to turn volume clipping back on. With the
3-D polyline still selected, bring up the Point Editor. This can be
done in two ways. You can either choose Tools $ Point Editor,
or click the Point Editor icon.
Initially, this dialog has all functions disabled. You must choose a point or
polyline function to enable the functions in the dialog. Choose Point $
Move again. Then click on a node in the viewer to select the node to be
moved. At this point, the Point Editor functions will be enabled. At the top
of the Point Editor dialog, the current x, y, and z values for the selected point
will be displayed in the last x, last y, and last z boxes.
By default, the relative x, y, and z check boxes are checked. Move the point
20 feet in x and y: enter 20 in the relative x and relative y boxes, and select
Apply. Notice that the absolute x and y have now changed. The values
previous to this change are still shown in the last x, last y and last z boxes.
These boxes always contain the x, y, and z values prior to the last change.
Click Apply again, and see the results in the absolute and last x, y and z
boxes.
Now check the absolute x, y, and z check boxes. In the fill-ins to the left,
you can enter the desired values for x, y, and z. Enter some test values, then
select Apply. You may have to turn clipping off to see the results, if you
have changed the z-value by more than 7.5 m. Vary the dip of the view to see
the changes. When you have finished moving the point using the absolute
and relative values of x, y, and z, click the Undo icon to undo your changes.
This works in a very similar way to Point Move, except that you will specify
a group of points to be moved and a reference node. All points will move as
a group, and the distance will be based on the reference node.
A. Choose Point $ Group Move.
B. Draw a rubber band box around the points to be moved, then click right.
Click on one node to make it the reference node.
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C. Move the group of nodes as above, using the relative and absolute x-y-z
methods. If you move the z-value beyond the clipping limits, only the
nodes will be visible. Click Undo when you are done.
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This part of the Point Editor is useful when creating new polylines, if you
already know the direction and dip of the line. In folder Training, create new
Geometry Object Test1 and put it in Edit mode. Leave the Point Editor up.
Choose Polyline $ Create $ Polyline. Turn Point snap on and digitize one
point, snapping to the 3-D feature on plane 2675. Now turn Point snap off
and, in the Point Editor dialog, check the check boxes for absolute azimuth
and dip. Enter 270 for the azimuth, 10 for the dip, and 500 for the distance.
Select Preview to see the results. You can continue to digitize more points
along the polyline using this method. Adjust the dip of the view to verify that
the dip you chose has been honored.
When you are done, save your edits, but leave object test1 in Selection
mode.
Element $ move
With the Point Editor still up, Choose Element $ Move. Click on polyline
test1 to select it. Then click on one of the nodes of the polyline to choose it
as a reference point. The Point Editor can be used to move the whole
polyline based on the reference point. Then save and close test1.
Element $ Move can be used without the point editor, with one of the snap
modes ON to control where the object is moved.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
Exporting VBM /
2-D Data
Converting the 3-D
data back to 2-D
Close the Point Editor. Then select the 3-D polyline on plane 2675 and
choose Polyline $ Convert 3D to 2D. Select the polyline again, and click
right. Click on the radio button to Match polyline to closest plane in gridset,
and choose Grid Set msop25.top_gridset from the Select a grid set dialog.
Select Apply and Save. Use the Query icon to verify that you have changed
the data back to 2-D.
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Turn clipping off so you can see the entire object 901. Highlight 901 and
choose Export $ Medsystem VBM file. Choose msop10.dat as the PCF, and
msop25.to2 as the VBM. This VBM file is completely blank, so we dont
have to worry about overwriting any features. In the VBM Export dialog,
choose all planes and all features. On the Export tab, choose Append. Then
select Apply. If there were already feature 901 polylines in this VBM, the
new polylines would be added on.
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Page 310
Section 4Triangulation
Section 4Triangulation
Learning Outcome
When you have completed this section, you will be able to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Preparing an
Object to Hold
New Data
Edit Mode
You can edit existing data by putting it into Selection mode. You
can change, add, delete, or move polylines, substrings, and points.
But an object must be in Edit Mode to receive new data. If you wish
to add polylines, create a surface by triangulating polylines, or
otherwise create new data, the results will be stored in the Edit
object. In MineSight 2, the Edit object is shown as an open yellow
box, indicating that it will store any new data that is created.
October 2000
Page 41
Section 4Triangulation
Click on any one of the VBM features. This will bring up the
Extrude/Expand window. It will also bring up a blue arrow on the feature
you clicked. This indicates the direction of the extrusion.
In the Extrude/Expand window, set the mode to Distance and Slope.
Change the Extrude Distance to 15 meters which is our bench height.
Change the Expand Slope to the appropriate bench face angle, which is 70
degrees in this case. Check the option Entire Selection.
Click Apply.
The new features will not be selected so they will be in the default color for
Geometry Objects.
Unselect the original features, then select all the features. Create a new
Geometry Object called tri804ct, and put it in Edit mode. Then click Surface
$ Triangulate Surface $ with Selection. Send the results to the Open Edit
Object.
Page 42
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
Save your selection and close 804CT. Double click on tri804ct to bring up
its properties. On the Surfaces tab, turn off Show lines and turn on Show
Faces to display it as a surface. Click OK.
EXERCISE
Exporting DTMs
Copy 807 in folder Training to folder Pits, and triangulate it into new
Geometry Object TRI807.
October 2000
Page 43
Section 4Triangulation
More Details on
Object Properties
Open Geometry Objects tri804CT and 804CT, and close all other objects.
Double click on tri804CT to bring up its properties. On the General tab,
check the box to Show surfaces as wireframe. Notice that none of the
triangles which make up object tri804CT extend beyond the original
polylines. You may have to go into the properties of 804CT and set the
thickness up on the polylines to see this.
Page 44
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
Triangulating
Using a Boundary
October 2000
Page 45
Section 4Triangulation
Page 46
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
Contouring a
Surface
October 2000
Page 47
Section 4Triangulation
H. By default, the contourer will be set to contour at all the bench toes. To
get mid-bench contours, we will use the settings in the figure below.
Check the box to Smooth contours with spline. Then select Apply.
The resulting contours will follow the surface. See the figure below.
Page 48
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
Texture Surface
Tool
Click Texture Surface and then click the tri901bnd surface on the viewer.
The aerial photography will be draped over the surface.
October 2000
Page 49
Section 4Triangulation
Merging Surfaces
with the Surface
Intersector
Now that we have several surfaces, we can intersect them to form solids or
combined surfaces. First, we would like to merge pit 804 with the
topography.
A. Close all objects and open tri804ct in folder Pits, and tri901bnd in
folder Training. Note that tri804ct must fully intersect with topography
for satisfactory results. If the topography is above the pit surface in some
areas so that there is not a complete intersection, there may be openings
in the merged surfaces at those points.
B. Create a new folder called intersection. In this folder, create new
Geometry Object merge804 and put it in Edit mode.
C. Choose Surface $ Intersect Surfaces.
D. Use the blue surface icons to pick the surfaces from the viewer. Choose
tri901bnd as the primary surface, and tri804 as the secondary.
E. Choose Cut surface (secondary below patched into primary).
F. Click Preview to verify that the resulting surface is the correct merged
surface.
G. Click Apply and send the results into Open Edit Object merge804.
H. Set the properties of merge804 to see the surface with faces on.
Page 410
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
Checking Your
Results
Whenever you create a new surface or solid, you should do two things to
verify its integrity:
1. Choose Surface $ Check for Openings. A surface should have only
one opening, all around its edges. A solid should have no openings.
2. Choose Surface $ Check for Self-Intersections. Self-intersections are
crossing triangles in the triangulated surface and should not appear.
In this case, neither problem is present. In Section 6 we will investigate the
techniques for cleaning up these problems.
Creating a Solid
with the Surface
Intersector
Now we will create the solid that represents the difference between topo and
pit804ct. This solid can be used to calculate the volume of material that has
been displaced.
A. Close all objects and open tri804ct in folder Pits, and tri901bnd in
folder Training.
B. Create a new object in folder intersections called pit804solid.
C. Put pit804solid in Edit mode.
D. Choose Surface $ Intersect Surfaces.
E. Select tri804ct as the primary surface, and tri901bnd as the secondary
surface.
F. Click Fill solid (secondary above/primary below), and select Preview.
G. The result should be the solid between the pit and topo. If it is, select
Apply.
H. Send the results to Open Edit Object pit804solid.
I. Close the Surface Intersector dialog, and close objects tri804ct and
tri901bnd.
J. Adjust the properties of pit804solid to view it with faces on and lines
off. Check it for openings and self-intersections. It should have neither.
Getting Volumes
From a Solid
October 2000
Page 411
Section 4Triangulation
Getting Volumes
Between Surfaces
It is not necessary to build a solid between surfaces if all you want is the
volume between them. To illustrate this, we will get volumes between the
original surfaces.
A. Close pit804solid and open tri804ct in folder Pits, and tri901bnd in
folder Training.
B. Choose Surface $ Calculate Volume. Choose the option Between
surfaces.
C. Select topography in tri901bnd as the top surface.
D. Select the pit tri804ct as the bottom surface. Click Apply.
E. Click Yes to confirm.
F. In this case, since the two surfaces intersect, we do not have to limit by a
boundary polygon, so uncheck that option.
Page 412
October 2000
Section 4Triangulation
G. Cut and fill volumes will show up in the message window. A check of
the results from the two different methods shows less than a .05%
difference.
If the two surfaces did not intersect, then it would be necessary to digitize a
polygon to represent the boundary of the area of interest. In this case, the
boundary would be used to define the limits in East and North directions,
and the limits would extend vertically through the two surfaces.
October 2000
Page 413
Section 4Triangulation
Page 414
October 2000
When you have completed the section, you will know how to:
Unattaching a Grid
Set From the
Viewer
For the past few exercises, Grid Set msop25.top_gridset has been attached to
the viewer. Bring up the Viewer properties to see the current state of the
viewer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Page 51
Open object 807CT in folder pits. Click the Camera to View Plan
icon.
The Grid Set will appear green in the Viewer. If you set the
azimuth to 0 and dip to 90, you will see that the Grid Set isnt in the right
place.
Highlight Grid Set EWSECT in the Data Manager window, click right, and
select Edit.
Page 52
Sept 2000
In the Move along Normal box, enter +500, and click Apply. This will
correctly place the grid around the data. Close the Edit Grid window.
Now lets use this Grid Set to view our data in 2-D mode.
Change the installed Grid Set by clicking on the Set a Grid Set
icon, and choosing EWSECT.
Click Change to 2-D. Step through the planes. The
points which appear on some planes are the
intersection of those planes with the planar
polylines.
When you are done, return to 3-D mode using the 3-D icon.
Page 53
Double click on Grid Set EWSECT to bring up the Properties window. The
Grid Set Properties window look much the same as the Geometry Object
Properties window. The only difference is the addition of the Planes tab.
Grid Set
Properties
The Planes tab contains a list of all planes in the Grid Set. As changes are
made, this list is automatically updated.
There are options on this tab to copy and rename planes, as well as to add,
remove and edit planes.
Exercise
Create a N-S Grid Set called Test, in folder grids, and experiment with the
options on the Planes tab of the Properties window.
Note:
Most actions which require Grid Sets (such as 2-D mode) do not require the
set to be open.
Often when Grid Sets are created, they are not in the right place. Fortunately,
they can be moved. Highlight the Grid Set Test that you created in the
previous exercise. Click right then click Edit.
Grid Sets can be moved in a few ways. Move along normal allows you to
type in a distance on project units to move the set. The distance can be
positive or negative. We used this earlier to adjust the position of Grid Set
EWSECT.
Page 54
Sept 2000
Moving Grid Sets parallel to the planes is a little different. This is done by
clicking the Snap To button, and choosing the Coordinates option. Change
the appropriate coordinates and click OK.
The coordinates shown are the coordinates of the Base Point. Click the
option Show Base & Axes to see where this point is located. The location of
the base point can be changed as well.
Grids in the Grid Set can be made larger or smaller using Grid Length.
Non-orthogonal Grids Sets can be moved along an azimuth and dip or
rotated.
Page 55
This is similar to the exercise above, except that once we define a grid set as
non-orthogonal, it has more variable parameters than a Grid Set in one of the
three orthogonal directions.
Highlight folder grids, and choose New $ Grid Set. Name the Grid Set
nonortho. If you click the radio button for Non-orthogonal plane
orientation, the orientation portion of the Grid Set Creation window is
enabled. Here you can enter a strike azimuth of 135, and a dip of -90. Allow
30 planes at 50 m intervals. Then click OK.
Sometimes you dont know the azimuth and dip, but instead want to align
the non-orthogonal Grid Set to existing data. We would like to align this
Grid Set to a plane on the side of pit807solid. To do that, we will have to
learn about the Edit grid.
Creating an Edit
Grid
The Edit grid is a single grid, similar to one of the grids in a Grid Set. It can
be oriented in many different ways, and it can be snapped to the current
plane when a Grid Set is attached to the viewer.
The simplest way to create an Edit grid is to snap it to something in the
viewer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Page 56
F. You may adjust the Edit grid to a larger size using Edit Grid $ Edit.
Set the major and minor grid lengths to 2500 and the corresponding grid
intervals to 250.
Now open Grid Set nonortho. Highlight it, click right, and choose Edit.
Choose Snap to $ Edit grid.
Page 57
The non-orthogonal Grid Set will have the same azimuth and dip as the Edit
grid. The origin of Grid Set nonortho will be snapped to the center of the
Edit grid. This is because the Edit grid, by default, has its base points at 50%
along the major and minor axes.
Choose Edit Grid $ Edit. Change the base points of the Edit grid to 100%
along the major axis, and 0% along the minor axis. Then highlight Grid Set
nonortho, click right, and choose Edit. Choose Snap To $ Edit Grid. See
how the non-orthogonal Grid Set aligns against the Edit grid in this case.
This is a method of adjusting the placement of a non-orthogonal Grid Set
using an Edit grid.
Non-Orthogonal
Plane Naming
Double click on Grid Set nonortho to bring up its properties. On the Planes
tab, notice the way the planes are named. The names are based on the "Dvalue" from the plane equation:
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
If you prefer to name them in a different way, use this method:
A. Highlight all the planes by clicking left and dragging the mouse over
them.
B. In the Rename Planes dialog, enter prefix nonortho, start value 100, and
increment 50.
C. Click Rename. All planes will be renamed.
To see these plane names in the viewer, you must re-attach the Grid Set.
A. Click the Set a Grid Set icon in the upper right corner of the
viewer.
B. Select Grid Set nonortho.
Page 58
In the upper right-hand corner of the viewer, you will now see the new plane
names. This is just for convenience in choosing planes, however. Any data
that is digitized on these planes will be associated with the actual plane
name, and any data that is exported in VBM ready format will also have that
plane name.
Using Multiple
Viewers
Now that you have several Grid Sets, you can see your data at different
aspects by creating multiple viewers. A viewer is just another object that you
can create in MineSight2. To prepare for this section, close all Grid Sets
and open tri901bnd in folder Training, and tri804CT in folder pits.
Page 59
C. Bring up the Viewer Properties, and set Volume clipping on. On the
Clipping tab, set the clipping to equal at 25m.
D. Choose plane North 5000. Then close the Viewer Properties dialog.
You should see a strip of topo and a strip of the pit tri807CT in E-W Viewer.
Setting Viewer 1
to 2-D mode
Click on the header bar for Viewer 1 to make it the active viewer. It should
have Grid Set nonortho attached. If not, click the icon to Set a Grid Set, and
attach Grid Set nonortho. Bring up the Viewer Properties, and change to 2-D
mode. Select plane Nonortho 600.
You can see that each viewer has a different view, and you have used these
steps to attach a different Grid Set to each viewer. Every viewer can have its
own attached Grid Set, its own current plane, and its own choices for 2-D or
3-D mode, clipping, and all other options in the Viewer Properties dialog.
These properties are linked to the viewer.
Exercise
In the data Manager, close E-W Viewer, then reopen it. Verify that all your
settings are still active.
When you are done, close E-W Viewer and make Viewer1 Full Screen again.
Put Viewer1 back into 3-D mode.
Page 510
When you have completed this section, you will be able to:
Create a Solid
From Polylines
In this section, we will create a solid from polylines, using the linker. First,
we need to import some polylines from VBM msop25.ew.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
A. Create a new folder called alteration, under folder New Resources Map.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Eight new Geometry Objects and one Grid Set will appear in folder E-W
Section. Close all objects except 101, 102, and 103.
In the Materials folder, double click on material 101 to bring up its
properties. On the General tab, set its global color to light blue. Set the
color of material 103 to light purple.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
Polyline
Preparation
Set the viewer properties to 3-D mode without clipping. If the polylines are
properly prepared, linking is much easier. It does take some time to prepare
the polylines, but fixing the links takes much more time.
Open object 101 in folder E-W Section, and close anything else that is open.
Page 61
Close polylines
Page 62
First, all the polylines must be closed. If you created the polylines with
Polyline $ Create $ Closed Polyline, then all of your polylines are
automatically closed. Otherwise, you need to make sure they are closed. An
easy way to see whether the polylines are closed, is to change the properties
of the object so that Polygon fill on the Polylines tab is checked. All closed
polylines will fill with color. Any open polylines will look the same as
before. To close a polyline, make sure it is selected, then click on Polyline $
Close. When you are done, turn off Polygon fill.
Next, make sure the polylines were digitized clockwise. To do this, click
Polyline $ Redefine Direction. Little blue arrows will appear on the
polylines. You can make these arrows larger by increasing the arrow size in
the Redefine window.
The easiest way to make sure all the polylines are clockwise, is to uncheck
Reverse Directions Only in the Redefine window. Then, under the Polygons
tab, check Clockwise, and click Apply to Entire Selection. Click right to
finish.
Densify Polylines
Next we need to make sure the polylines have enough points to link
successfully. Generally, you want a similar number of points on each
polyline, and to have the points evenly spaced. We can use the densify
operation to do this.
Click the Selection Nodes icon. Click Polyline $ Densify. Enter
a 50 meter point spacing, check Entire Selection, and click
Preview. This looks like a good spacing, so click Apply. Click
right to finish.
Page 63
Densify can create duplicate points, which isnt good for linking. To get rid
of any possible duplicates, use the Thin operation.Click Polyline $ Thin. In
the Thin Strings window, check Duplicate Points Only, and Entire
Selection. Click Apply. Click right to finish. Turn off Selection nodes.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
Page 64
Linking
Finally we have to make sure all the endpoints are in similar places on all the
polylines. This is because the endpoints are the basis for linking. To do this,
click Polylines $ Redefine All Endpoints. If you click anywhere in the
Viewer, the endpoints will move. Place the endpoints on similar positions on
all the strings. Click right to finish.
Page 65
Click Link. Click on the first contour. It will turn yellow. Click Yes to
confirm. Click on the second contour, and it will turn blue. Click Yes to
confirm. Define some strong node pairs between the contours. If you click
right, a preview of the link will be visible. If the results look good, click
Apply. If not, click Cancel.
For more complex data, you have to add more strong nodes. Strong nodes
are guidelines that help in the linking process. To add these, click on the first
(yellow) contour, then click on a corresponding place on the second (blue)
contour. A yellow line will appear, connecting the two contours. Add a
couple of strong nodes.
When youve finished adding strong nodes, click right and the link will
appear. This is just a preview. If the link looks good, click Apply. If not,
click Cancel and begin again.
For many of the similar looking polygons in the middle of object 101, you
can use the Quick Link option. Quick Link allows you to click sequentially
on a series of polylines and to see an immediate preview, then click Apply to
link the polygons. Auto Link is similar. You can draw a rubber band box
around a series of polygons to auto link, then click Preview to see the results.
If you like them, click Apply. Try both of these methods.
Page 66
Uncheck Close First End and continue linking. When you get to the last two
contours, check Close Second End. These two options are the easiest way to
close the ends of the solid. However, you can use the Extrude tool on the
end contours as well.
It is much easier to redo links at this stage than to wait until later, so if any
links look bad then redo them now. A few examples of bad links are shown
below.
Page 67
Another example of bad linking. In this case, the point density of one
polyline is much greater than the other.
To redo a link, you have to delete it then re-link it. To delete a link, click
Delete Link/Node then click on the link. The link will turn yellow. If you
clicked on the wrong link, just click on the right one and it will become
highlighted. When the correct link is highlighted, click right.
When you redo a link, the old strong nodes will be used unless you delete
them. Delete a strong node the same way you delete a link.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
When all links have been completed, choose Surface-Check for selfintersecting and Surface-Check for Openings to see if each link is okay.
There should be openings at each end. Any other openings or any selfintersections are a reason to delete and redo the link. When you are satisfied
with all the links, click Merge Links. Close the Link Editor window. Save
and close the polylines in 101 in folder E-W Section.
Page 68
Checking the
Solid
Double click on material 101 in the Data Manager window to bring up the
Properties window. On the Surfaces tab, uncheck Show Lines, and check
Show Faces.
There are two things to check for in solids. The first is openings. To check
for this, click Surface $ Check for Openings. Then click on the solid. Any
openings will be highlighted in yellow, and reported in the MineSight
Messages window.
The other thing we need to check for is self-intersecting triangles. To do this,
click on Surface $ Check for Self-Intersecting. Then click on the solid.
Any self-intersecting triangles will be highlighted and reported in the
MineSight Messages window.
Fixing Solids
Page 69
The other way to delete a link is by clicking Surface $ Delete Face. Then
select all the faces in the link you want to delete. Click right.
When the link is deleted, unselect the solid and select the VBM features.
Open the Link Editor and redo the link. In order avoid more self-intersecting
triangles, add more strong nodes. Make sure the existing strong nodes match
well.
Page 610
Make sure you click Merge Links after redoing the links.
Any time you change a solid, always recheck it for openings and selfintersecting triangles.
Linking More
Complicated
Polygons
Although simple linking was sufficient to build a solid from the blocky
polygons of object 101, more complicated polygons require other linking
options.
A. Close all open objects, and open object 102 in folder E-W Section.
B. In folder solids, create a new Geometry Object called 102solid with
material 102.
C. Put it in Edit mode.
D. Attach Grid Set msop25.ew_gridset to the viewer. Go into 3-D mode
with equal clipping at 25 m on plane 4790.
On plane 4790, there is only one feature 102. Step forward to plane 4840 and
see that on that plane there are two features representing feature 102. To link
one polygon into two requires some additional steps.
Use the Clipping icon to toggle clipping off.
Exercise
Use the steps in the above section on Polyline Preparation, to prepare the
data in object 102 for linking.
Simple Linking
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Page 611
Breaking a
Polygon into
Substrings for
Complex Linking
On plane 4840 there are two polygons. We will have to subdivide the
polygon on plane 4790, and then link each half to one of the polygons on
plane 4840.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The two subdivided segments can then be used as individual polygons and
linked to the two polygons on plane 4840 using the Link command. If the
wrong polygon is highlighted when it is selected for linking from the
subdivided string, you can just click NO in the window that asks, Is this the
correct choice? until the correct polygon is highlighted.
Page 612
Now choose the second polygon. Define strong nodes and link as before,
stepping forward a plane each time a pair of polygons has been linked. To
change a strong node, just click again on the first contour at the start of the
strong node. You can then attach it to a different point on the second
contour.
Link all the polygons through plane 5490. On plane 5540 use Subdivide
polygons to break the polygon into two parts. Then link to the two polygons
on plane 5490. Finish up linking the solid. Dont click on Close second end
when linking the last two polygons. We will use another method to close this
end. Exit the linker and merge the shells on the way out. Then save your
edits, and close object 102. Check solid102 for openings and selfintersections, other than the one open end, and fix if necessary.
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Step 2
Step 3
Leave the highlights on. Close 102solid, open 102, and select the polyline
that matches the highlights. Click right, then click the icon to Clear
highlights.
Page 613
Turn Point snap on. Choose Edit Grid $ Snap to 3 Points. Snap it to the
edges of the selected polygon. Choose Edit grid $Edit. Enter a value of 25
in the box labeled Move along normal, then select Apply. The direction it
moves should be away from the polylines in object 102. Once you have the
Edit grid in the right location, change the grid length to 100 and the grid size
to 20 meters along both axes. This will place a small Edit grid in a central
position. Select Apply.
Put object 102solid, in folder solids, into Edit mode. Set its properties to
view it as a wireframe.
Step 6
Step 7
Alternative Method
Page 614
Step 4-alt
Step 5-alt
Step 6-alt
Step 7-alt
Step 1
Check the solid for openings. Put 102solid in Edit mode. Choose Tools $
Utility Markers $ Copy to edit object. This saves the polygon that defines
the opening to the object.
Step 2
Step 3
Choose Surface $ Create solid $ Using extrude tool. Select the polyline
and confirm.
Step 4
In the Extrude/Expand window, set the mode to Distance + Slope. Set the
Extrude distance to 25ft, half the distance between the planes, and set the
azimuth and dip to 0. Connect the polylines and close end Along.
Step 5
Set the Expand slope to -70 and click Apply. The opening will be extruded
and closed.
Step 6
Step 7
Page 615
Click right. A new surface will be created which closes the opening.
Step 9
Step 10
Save your edits, and close object sample in folder E-W Section. Select all
elements of object sample solid in folder solids. Click right and choose
Surface $ Merge Selected. Save edits.
Step 11
Check your solid for openings and self-intersections as before. If any are
found, fix them.
Exercise
Create a new Geometry Object called 103solid with material 103 in folder
solids. Link object 103 in folder E-W Section into this object.
Partial Linking
Page 616
G. Use Partial link any time there are a different number of polylines to be
linked between two planes.
When working with partial links, make sure you choose the same node to
begin the next partial link as you used to end the previous one. Otherwise
there may areas that did not get linked. Use Link or Partial link to link the
rest of the polygons, depending on whether you need to split a polygon.
When you are done, merge shells, and check the surface for openings. The
only openings should be around the outside of the surface, and in the areas
where you expect holes.
Now that we have some solids, we can slice them in plan. In folder solids,
open 101solid, 102solid, and 103solid. Close all other objects.
We must revisit the materials folder to set things up for the correct results.
The VBM code of the material associated with an object is used to name the
results of the Slice View function.
Double click on the materials folder to show all the materials. Double click
on material 101. On the Material tab, make sure that its VBM code is 101.
Similarly, verify that material 102 has VBM code 102, and material 103 has
VBM code 103. Since we imported these materials along with imported
VBM data, they will all be properly set up.
Now double click on 101solid and make sure it has material 101. Check
102solid, and 103solid for materials 102 and 103 as well.
Page 617
D. Folder plan contours will now hold horizontal polygons on each plane
in msop25.top_gridset that intersected the three solids. Close all objects
in folder solids to see this. The objects should be named 101, 102, and
103. If you have an object 999, you neglected to correct the material
associated with one of your solids.
Page 618
Note that, in flat areas where the solid coincided with the slicing planes,
there are features that will need to be cleaned up. If the solid was sliced on
different planes than those on which flat areas occur, this problem could be
solved.
A. To fix this, make a copy of msop25.top_gridset, and move the copy
along the normal by 1 meter. Recall that you should never move an
original Grid Set that was imported with VBM features.
B. Then delete all objects in folder plan contours, and redo the exercise to
slice the view, using this adjusted Grid Set. The results will be more
satisfactory, as in the figure below:
The solids Intersector Tool in MineSight will take any given solids and
surfaces, and generate new surfaces defining the pieces of the intersection.
This exercise gives an overview of the solids Intersector Tool.
In this exercise we will demonstrate the options available with the
Intersector Tool, using two, rudimentary closed solids.
A. Create a new Geometry Object in folder Intersection called results, and
put it in Edit mode.
B. Highlight the folder Intersection, click right and choose Import $
DTM. Select the file Prism.dtm from the file chooser.
C. Repeat the procedure to import the file Box.dtm.
D. Change the properties of the object Prism.dtm, so that the color is pink.
Page 619
The Intersector
Tool
Page 620
Create a Pit
Clipped to Original
Topo
Now we will use the Intersector Tool to create a pit clipped to the original
topography.
Open TRI807 in folder Pits, and tri901bnd in folder Training. Create a new
Geometry Object in folder intersection called merge807. Put it in Edit
mode.
Bring up the Intersector Tool by clicking Surface $ Intersector Tool.
Click on the blue surface in group A, then click on the Topography. This
function allows you to choose from the viewer or with the OCB. Click right,
then click on the blue surface in group B, then click on the Pit. Make sure
boxes come up around the surfaces. Click right to complete group B
selections.
Select the A-B option, which is the fourth from the left. Click Preview.
The result of the intersection will be highlighted in gold. This should be the
section of topo outside the pit and the section of pit below topo.
To save this result, click Apply. Save the results to the Open Edit object,
merge807.
Close the Intersector Tool window.
Close TRI807 and tri901bnd.
MineSight 2 Only Workbook Sept 2000
Page 621
If your topo surface and your pit surface were both triangulated from
polylines on the same planes, the resulting surface may have holes. To avoid
this problem, enter an offset of 0.1 in elevation, in the Intersector Tool
window before clicking Apply. Another solution is to triangulate inside the
openings. To do this, click Surface $ Check for Openings. Then click on
the surface. Yellow highlights will appear around the edges of the holes.
Click Tools $ Utility Markers $ Copy to Edit Object. This will save these
highlights as polylines in merge807.
Page 622
Sept 2000
Page 623
Page 624
Section 7Drillholes
Section 7Drillholes
Learning Outcome
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Attaching Drillhole
Data
The DHView Data Selection window will appear. Click Select PCF, and
choose msop10.dat. A list of all the assay and survey files in the PCF will
appear. The default is to list assay files, however, composite and blasthole
files are accessible as well. Click on msop11.dat for the assay file, and
msop12.dat for the survey file. Click OK. Notice that the OK button is not
activated until both files are chosen.
October 2000
Page 71
Section 7Drillholes
Next, a window will appear with the option to limit the items available in the
Drillhole View. Clicking Yes brings up a list of items in the assay file. Items
can be selected or unselected. Only selected items can be used in the
Drillhole View. Clicking No allows access to all the items in the assay file.
Now the Drillhole View Properties window will appear. Go to the Intervals
tab.
Page 72
October 2000
Section 7Drillholes
First the display item must be selected. Click the Intervals tab. In
the bottom left corner, click the Item Selection icon.
Select the item CU from the list and click Apply. Now click the Cutoffs
button. Click the Intervals button.
Set the minimum to 0, the maximum to 2, and the increment to 0.2. Click OK
and the cutoffs will appear. However, all the cutoffs are now the same color.
To set the colors, select all the cutoffs, and click the Properties button. The
Object Properties window will come up.
October 2000
Page 73
Section 7Drillholes
Now that the display item is set up, the drillholes must be loaded. To do this,
click the Selection tab. Click Select All, and then click Load Selection. The
drillholes will appear in the Viewer. Click OK to shut down the Drillhole
View Properties window.
Drillhole View
Options
Selection Tab
Now, lets take a closer look at the drillhole options. Double click on CU in
the Data Manager window to bring up the Drillhole View Properties
window.
The Selection tab controls the loading and unloading of individual drillholes
within the drillhole view. On the left side of the window is a list of all the
drillholes in the File 11. All the drillholes with a check next to it are loaded.
In this window, selecting a drillhole means highlighting it on this list. Once
the drillhole is selected, it can be loaded by clicking the Load Selection
button or unloaded by clicking the Unload Selection button.
There are several ways to select drillholes. We already used the Select All
button. Select by grade allows you to specify a range of values for any item.
Any drillhole which has at least one interval in that range will be selected.
Select by location will check collar locations against a user-specified area.
Select by ID allows you to type in specific drillhole IDs. Reset before Load
unloads all the drillholes, and then loads only the selected drillholes.
Page 74
October 2000
Section 7Drillholes
Intervals Tab
The Intervals tab controls the display properties of the individual assay
intervals. Along the top of the window is where the listing of assay values,
called Labels, is set up. Click on Add Label to display assay values. Then
click on the Item Selector icon to choose a value to display. Lets display
CU. Click Apply. Zoom in and youll see the CU values displayed for each
assay interval.
To color the item labels according to the cutoffs, choose Coloring by Cutoff
under Item Label Style. The height of the numbers and their positions within
the interval can be changed here as well.
Several item labels can be used on either side of the drillhole trace. Just click
Add Label each time. The thick black line indicates the drillhole trace. Just
click the arrows next to Move Label to change the position of the labels.
There is a 2-D label offset factor, and one for 3-D mode, if you dont like the
default offsets provided.
The Interval filtering option allows the selection of individual intervals for
displaying based on an item value. Integer and floating point data can be
entered as single values separated by commas, as a range separated by a
colon, or as a combination of the two.
Display Tab
The Display tab has some general display options. The Trace options refer
to the survey trace. This does not display color cutoffs, just the position of
the trace.
The ID label is the drillhole ID.
The Projection Volume controls how far the DH will be projected in 2D
mode.
Strips and histograms are an option that only shows up in 2-D mode. Put
your viewer in 2-D mode using Grid Set msop25.ew-gridset. Click the button
to Add strip. Choose CU as the color item. View the results.
A histogram can be made by adding a histogram item and adjusting the
maximum value; a value that is appropriate for the item. Instead of a
histogram, you can choose a pattern item. There is a different pattern for
polygon fill for each cutoff.
Info Tab
The Info tab contains information on the files used in this Drillhole View.
Under System Notes, there is a list of all the items in the File 11, along with
their minimum, maximum and number of decimals. User notes is a place
where you can record your own notes about the Drillhole View.
Click OK to shut down the Drillhole View Properties window. If you want to
bring it back up, either double click on CU or highlight CU, click right, and
select Properties.
October 2000
Page 75
Section 7Drillholes
Drillhole Editing
Viewing Items
Edit Mode
To switch to Edit mode, click Edit $ Edit Drillhole. Notice that REF#,
FROM, TO, and AI are not editable. This information is protected.
To save the changes as you go along, just click the Apply button. This
permanently saves the changes to File 11.
Edit mode only allows you to edit one interval at a time. To change several
intervals, use the Select Intervals mode. To get into this mode, click Edit $
Select intervals. Draw a box around the intervals you want to edit. The
selected intervals will be highlighted in yellow. The assay data for the entire
hole will be listed in the Edit window with the selected intervals highlighted
in blue. Choose the item you wish to edit and enter a value for that item.
Then click Options $ Fill Selected Intervals. Then, to save these changes to
File 11, click Apply.
Page 76
October 2000
Section 7Drillholes
Composites
October 2000
Page 77
Section 7Drillholes
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
While Dynamic Compositing can be done in 2D mode, highlights dont show up for this
function in 2-D mode. Additionally, unless the
resulting Geometry Object is exactly on your
current plane, it will not be visible in 2-D mode,
so 3-D mode is recommended.
The Apply button will save your composite as a Geometry Object. If there is
no open Geometry Object, a window will come up allowing you to select or
create one. This will include the composite values as text. The text will be in
N-S vertical section so you might have to change your dip to see it. The
Reset button allows you to start over. The composited values are saved in the
new object.
EXERCISE
Page 78
Create a drillhole view of composite data. Use files msop12.dat. Place the
view in the Composite folder. Make the display item ROCKX. Copy the
cutoffs for ROCKX from item ROCK. The cutoffs are 0, 1, and 2.
October 2000
Section 7Drillholes
Spearing
Drillholes
October 2000
Page 79
Section 7Drillholes
Do not proceed. The warning window is telling you that the material
associated with pit807solid has a default model / DH code which is higher
than the maximum value of item ROCKX. Note that on the Spear tab, the
range of ROCKX was 0 to 10. Since object pit807solid has the default
material geometry, its model / DH code has the default value of 999.
We will make a new material, and associate it with pit807solid to get the
desired range.
A. Highlight the materials folder, click right and choose New $ material.
Name it code1.
B. Double click on this new material, choose the Material tab, and set its
model code to 1. This code is used, as it says in the panel, to code either
models or drillholes.
C. Set the VBM code also to 1. Press the Tab key to set your changes, then
click OK.
D. Now double click object pit807solid in folder intersection, to bring up
its properties.
E. Use the drop-down list to change its material to code1. Click OK to close
its Properties window.
F. Re-do the spearing process.
1. Choose the geometry object, pit807solid.
2. Set the item to be coded to ROCKX and code when intervals are
50% inside the solid.
3. Click Preview. All intervals that will be coded will show up with
highlights.
4. Now click Update to actually do the spearing.
G. On the Intervals tab, temporarily change the display item for drillhole
view CU to ROCKX to verify your results. You will need to set intervals
to 0-5 by 1. Set cutoff colors for item ROCKX on the same tab. Click
Apply to see your changes. Drillhole intervals inside the pit should be a
different color than those outside. In the figure below, the intervals that
were coded with a value of 1 also have thicker lines, to make it easier to
see the difference. Object tri807 has been loaded as well.
Page 710
October 2000
Section 7Drillholes
When you are done examining the results of spearing, set the display item
for drillhole view CU back to CU on the Intervals tab of the Drillhole
Properties window. Close all open Geometry Objects.
Creating Points
From Drillhole
Data
Exporting the
Point Data
This data can be exported as x-y-z data or as survey data. Highlight object cu
points, click right, choose Export, then choose 3D points (ASCII) file.
Supply the name cu.xyz, and click Save. Similarly, choose Export, then
choose Survey (ASCII) file. Supply the name cu.srv, and click Save. You
can look at these two files with Notepad or Kedit to see the difference in the
format.
Triangulating the
Data into a
Surface
October 2000
Page 711
Section 7Drillholes
Page 712
October 2000
Section 8Models
Section 8Models
Learning Outcome
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Create model views, and adjust their properties in 3-D and 2-D modes.
View exposed ore on a surface in the model area.
Create gradeshells.
Query the model and view values for all model items.
Display the model on a non-orthogonal plane.
Create File 13 model views.
Code the File 15 model based on solids created in the project.
Grid a surface into File 13.
In this section we will look at how to display File 15 items. Close all open
objects.
Use the slider bars to find a section of the model with some variety in the
grades.
MineSight 2 Only Workbook
Sept 2000
Page 81
Section 8Models
3-D Display
Options
Click on the Display tab. The default 3-D display style is Surface/Slab. This
shows the actual value in each block on a surface type view.
Change the 3-D display style to Filled Polygons, and click Apply. Zoom in
close to the model. You can see that instead of colors on a surface, the model
is shown as individual flat blocks. Only 90% of each block is shown. This
percentage can be changed on the Options tab.
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Section 8Models
Change the style to Contours, and click Apply. Zoom out so you can see the
difference. Instead of individual blocks the values are contoured. This is a
good style for grade items that change gradually but isnt appropriate for
code items which often change abruptly.
Change the style to Smooth Contours and click Apply. This is the same as
Contours, except the boundaries between the different cutoffs are indistinct.
The last display style is 3D blocks. Before changing to blocks, make sure
only a small portion of the model is being displayed. Blocks take a lot of
memory to display and can overload your computer.While using this, make
sure Immediate Viewer Refresh isnt checked.
Change to 3D Blocks and click Apply. Then click on the Cutoffs button.
Highlight the <0 cutoff, and click Properties. On the Surfaces tab, uncheck
Show Faces. Click OK. Do the same with the 0 cutoff. This allows you to
see only the blocks you are interested in. This works in 3D Blocks, Filled
Polygons, and Surface/Slab display styles.
Page 83
Section 8Models
When looking at model views, it is often helpful to turn the Lights off.
Lights allow us to see shading on 3-D objects. When looking directly at flat
objects, Lights can produce a glare that makes it difficult to see. MineSight
also performs better (quicker) with Lights turned off.
Lights can be turned off and on with the Light Toggle icon. More
options are available in the Viewer Properties window on the
Lighting tab.
Exposed Ore
Display
Lets see how to show model grades on surfaces, which is called an exposed
ore display.
Open Tri804CT in folder Pits.
Change the 3-D display style of model view CU back to Surface/Slab, and
click Apply.
Click on the Geometry tab.
Click on the Select button and choose Tri804CT.
Click Exposed Ore.
Close the Properties window for model view CU.
Page 84
Section 8Models
To get rid of the exposed ore display, open model view CU and bring up the
Properties window. Click the Geometry tab and click Clear Exposed Ore.
Gradeshells
Page 85
Section 8Models
The model view changes into a gradeshell. Notice that gradeshells may be
made up of several parts and all the parts are solids.
Page 86
Section 8Models
On the GradeShell tab, check the option to Limit by Secondary Item. Set
the item to ROCK. Set the greater than (>=) value to 2. Click Apply.
You can also create gradeshells of code items, but you must check the option
Item is an Integer/Code value.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
Page 87
Section 8Models
2-D Display
Options
On the Display tab, the area labeled Display in sectional views controls the
display characteristics in 2-D mode.
A. In the Viewer Properties window, attach msop25.ew_gridset from folder
E-W Section to the viewer.
B. Change to 2-D mode. Choose plane 4740. Click OK.
C. Try out the different display styles in 2-D mode.
D. Step to plane 4890 and notice that only the current plane is visible.
If you step beyond the visible range of the model, you will see nothing. Also,
only the faces of the blocks are visible.
Text Items
In 2-D mode, with an orthogonal Grid Set along the model block faces, text
items can be displayed.
A. Choose plane 4740.
B. On the Model View Properties window, choose the Display tab, and set
the Sectional views display type to Filled polygons.
C. Choose the Options tab.
D. In the Text Items dialog, use the Item selection icon to
choose CU as a text item.
E. Check the box to the left of CU, and click Apply.
F. You can change the number of decimals that are displayed.
Page 88
Section 8Models
Uncheck the box by the text item when you are done.
Model Query
Non-Orthogonal
Grids and Model
Views
If you choose a Grid Set that does not line up with the model dimensions,
you will need to take a few more steps to see the model view.
A. With your model view open, open Grid Set nonortho.
B. Change to 3-D mode with clipping. Set the clipping range to equal at 25
meters.
Page 89
Section 8Models
C. Choose a grid that intersects the model view, as shown in the figure
below.
D. Now go into 2-D mode. The model view disappears. This is because
there are no block faces that are aligned with your non-orthogonal grid.
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Page 810
Section 8Models
Close model view CU, and change to 3D mode without clipping. Close Grid
Set nonortho. Create another folder
within Models called MSOP13.DAT.
Highlight MSOP13.DAT, click right,
and select New $ Model View. Call it
TOPOG.
The Model View Editor window will
appear. As the primary display item is
set to TOPOG by default, that doesnt
need to be set.
Click the Cutoffs button to set the
cutoffs. The cutoffs for TOPOG are
minimum 2600, maximum 2900 and an
increment of 50. Highlight the cutoffs,
and click Properties. Click Set Color by
Range. Click OK, then OK again. The
surface will appear in the viewer. Close the Cutoffs window.
Sept 2000
Page 811
Section 8Models
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
Page 812
Section 8Models
Item PIT1 contains a pit surface. Knowing this we can see that the color
cutoffs look correct, but the surface is the same as the topo we looked at
before. To see why, click on the GSM/Surfaces tab.
Page 813
Section 8Models
Now look at the Default Elevation options on the GSM/Surfaces tab. These
options only affect the surface, not the cutoffs. These options are particularly
nice if there are unset values in your model item. In MineSight unset values
are actually large negative numbers. This causes cliffs in the surface. To
avoid this, enter a minimum elevation for the surface, and click Apply. This
creates a flat surface at the minimum elevation whenever the values go
below the minimum.
Page 814
Section 8Models
If you dont want to see these areas, click Suppress Elevations Below Min.
MineSight has the ability to save File 13 model views as Geometry Objects.
This is also located on the GSM/Surfaces tab of the Properties window.
Page 815
Section 8Models
Preparing Your
Materials for
Coding the Model
MineSight can code both File 15 using solids, and File 13 using surfaces.
In folder materials, double click on material 101 to bring up its properties.
Choose the Material tab, and set the model code to 1. Press the Tab key, and
then click OK.
Similarily, set the mode code for material 102 to 2, and for 103 to 3.
Coding File 15
Lets use the solids we built earlier to code File 15 model item ALTR. Start
by opening Geometry Objects 101solid, 102solid, and 103solid in folder
solids under folder alteration.
Create another model view in folder MSOP15.DAT and call it ALTR.
Double click on Model View ALTR and set the primary display item to
XTRA2.
This item has a minimum of 0, a maximum of 5, and a precision of 1.0, so it
can be used as a code item. Set its cutoffs to 0 to 5 by 1, and set colors for
the cutoffs. On the Range tab, limit the range.
Click the Geometry tab.
Click the Select button. Highlight folder Solids and click OK.
7LSVDQG7ULFNV
The only way to select more than one solid for model
coding is to select the folder that contains the solids.
Any solids used for coding must be open.
Page 816
Section 8Models
Click Code Model. This will take you to the Code Model tab.
Set this window up as shown below. We will code on a whole-block basis
with a block being coded if 50% is inside the solid. The item we are coding
is XTRA2.
When the coding is complete, click the Range tab. Step through the model to
check the coding.
Change the properties of the solids so that they are displayed in wireframe
mode. This will make it easier to check the coding.
Page 817
Section 8Models
Gridding File 13
Page 818
Section 9Plotting
Section 9Plotting
Learning
Objectives
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A. Do a quick screen capture using the printer icon.
B. Create a Plot Layout for more detailed plotting.
C. Create and customize title blocks.
D. Set up plot layout options, including setting up plot limits.
E. Add labels; use element attribution to change their display attributes.
Getting Started
There are two ways to plot in MineSight 2. The Printer icon will
create a plot of the current viewer. Plot layouts are more polished
plots that can have title blocks, more than one viewer and a userspecified scale.
We will start by setting up an interesting view to plot. Close all open objects
and open drillhole view CU, in folder assays, merge804 which is in folder
Intersection, and 101 and 102 in folder E-WSection.
Double click on drillhole view CU to bring up the Properties window. On
the Display tab, make sure that the Projection volume is +- 25m.
Set up the Intervals tab so that the CU grades will be listed on the left-hand
side of the drillhole traces, and will be colored by cutoff.
On the Strips/Histograms tab, set up a strip on the right-hand side of the
drillhole trace. Click Add Strip, then use the Book icon to set the color item
to CU. Uncheck the option to Show Interval Outlines. Click Apply, then
shut down the Drillhole View Properties window.
Go into 2-D mode using Grid Set msop25.ew-gridset. Go to plane 5040.
Page 91
Section 9Plotting
Your viewer should now look like the picture below. Now that we have this
nice section, lets print it.
The quick way to plot is to use the Printer icon. This will only plot
everything in the active viewer. To do this, click on the Printer
icon and choose where to send the plot. The options are the
Printer, an HPGL file, a Postscript file, or a Metafile.
The Printer option sends the plot through the Windows Print Manager. All of
the plotting options are specified there. For all the other options, a filename
must be specified as well as paper size and plot orientation.
Lets choose HPGL2 file. The name already has the directory specified.
Name the plot Sect. Leave the page size at A4 and change the orientation to
Landscape. Check the box to Display scale information. Click OK.
Page 92
Section 9Plotting
Now the Plane Selection window will come up. Since we are in 2-D mode,
we must specify which plane we want printed. Highlight plane 5040 and
click OK.
More detailed plots can be created with the plot layout option. Create a
folder called Plots. Click Plots, click right, and select New-Plot Layout.
Call it Section, and click OK.
Plot layouts are set up by default to plot what is in the current viewer.
However, title blocks and multiple viewers can be plotted as well. A title
block must be created before it can be added to a plot. Highlight folder Plots
in the Data Manager window, and click right. Select New $ Title Block.
Accept the default name and click OK.
Page 93
Section 9Plotting
To adjust the look of the title block, double click on it in the Data Manager
window. Notice in the top right corner of the Title Box Editor, the total
width and total height is listed. The total width and total height can be
changed by adding or removing columns or rows. The height and width of
the individual rows and columns can also be adjusted. When adjusting row
heights, make sure to adjust the font height accordingly. In the bottom right
corner is a list of variables that can be used to set up title blocks.
Notice when you change the size of the title block, the display in the Title
Box Editor stays the same. It is a good idea to plot just the title box before
using it to make sure it looks good in print.
Enter Sample Project in the second column on the top row, and press the
Tab key. Then click Apply. Click Preview to see how the title block will
look. In preview mode here, a default scale and plane are supplied. Close the
Title Block Editor window.
Since the size of a title block is not variable, it is usually best to create a
series of title blocks, one for each standard size plot you will create. Adjust
the text size, column widths and row heights to the desired size in the Title
Block Editor window, then click Apply, and Preview to see the results.
When they are satisfactory, close the Title Block Editor window.
When HPGL 2 plots are created, font sizes may be different, as HPGL fonts
are not True Type fonts. Because of this, the Title Block Preview may show
all the text inside the title block, but the printed output may not look as good.
If you are planning to create HPGL 2 plots, it will be best to make a plot
layout that includes ONLY the title block, and print it out. When you have
the title block sized correctly for HPGL 2 plots, you can go on to produce
plots
with this title block using the plot layout method.
Page 94
Section 9Plotting
Double click on the plot layout object in folder plots. The Plot Layout
Editor window will come up. By default, the current viewer will be plotted.
It is represented by the red block in the yellow square. On the Page tab, the
default page size is set to 8 x 11, and the default orientation is portrait.
Use the pull-down box to set the orientation to landscape, and to look at the
other options for page size.
Choose the Area tab. To activate the options on this tab, click left on the
current viewer image.
Page 95
Section 9Plotting
By default, the viewer is placed with a 5% margin on each side of the page,
taking up 90% of the page in each direction. Choose Print $ Preview, and
accept the current plane as the plane to preview.
The plot would look better with grids. Click on the Viewer
Properties icon, choose the Grids tab, and choose a grid style of
labels and lines. Close the Viewer Properties window.
We would also like to use the title block. Click the Plus icon to
add a new area. Click left on the area to activate it, then choose a
type of title block. The first title block in your project will be
found, and it is the one we just created. Click Apply to save your
changes to the plot layout, then click Print $ Preview again. A better
looking plot will be created.
Page 96
Section 9Plotting
If you had multiple title blocks, you could highlight the title block area, then
click on the red Block icon and choose the desired title block. If you want to
use named viewers for additional viewers in the plot layout, click on the
viewer to activate, then on the Area tab change the type to viewer. The red
block will be activated and you can select a different viewer. For now, use
the current viewer.
If you would like to specify the origin and plot limits of your plots, there are
two methods: you can either use the viewer grid set limits, or you can
specify the limits. These options are under the Plot Page Settings button of
the plot layout, or the Plot Settings button of the Printer icon.
If you want to set exact limits in your plot layout, there is some preliminary
setup to be done first.
A. On the Area tab, click left on the main viewer, then check the box to
Use grid set limits.
B. In the Area Configuration section of the Area tab, choose the two
middle icons so that only the left and right margins will be specified.
This allows the size of the plot to expand and contract based on your
specified limits. Use a value such as 5% for the left, right, top, and
bottom margins. If you choose percentages, then the plot size will stay
the same, relative to the plot area as you change the scale.
Now click the Plot Page Settings button on the Page tab. By default, the plot
is set to use the viewer grid set limits. The size of the drawing will be
controlled by the scale set on this page, and by the limits of the Grid Set. On
the Page tab of the Plot layout editor, observe how the custom plot page size
varies as you vary the scale. Click Apply in the Plot Settings dialog. With
this particular Grid Set, a scale of 15000:1 is needed to bring the page size
down to less than 36 in one dimension, so that it can be printed on standard
plotter roll paper.
Click Save set at the bottom of the plot settings dialog. Save this set as
Ewgridset. You can use it again in a later session to plot with the same
origin and plot limits.
Page 97
Section 9Plotting
User-Defined Limits
If you prefer to set limits other than those of the Grid Set, and you are
working with a plot layout, you must still execute the two preliminary steps
above. Then when you bring up the Plot Settings dialog, click on the radio
button to Use Defined Limits. Enter limits which will be more suitable to
this data:
Easting 2000-3500
Elevation 2150 to 2850
Scale 1:5000 in horizontal and vertical
directions
Keep your orientation from the viewer Grid Set. In this case, all the planes in
the Grid Set are available for plotting. If instead, you use orientation in one
of the orthogonal views, only the plane you specify will be available.
Click Apply, and preview the plot layout again.
Page 98
Section 9Plotting
Save this set as Defined Limits. It also can be invoked in future MineSight2
sessions by bringing up a plot layout, and choosing it from the pull-down list
for plot settings sets in the page settings dialog.
Adding Labels to
your Plot
Notice that the label is quite small. Double click on object 101 in folder E-W
Section, and choose the Labels tab. Set the label height to 20 m. Tab and
click OK.
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Section 9Plotting
When this label is saved, it will be the same color as object 101. But we can
attribute it to make it different. Here are the steps:
Element
Attribution
A. In the Materials folder, create a new material called labels. Set its global
color to white. Set its label size to 20 m.
B. The newly created label should still be selected. Choose Element $
Attribute. Click on the center point of the label to select it from the
viewer. Use Shift+click to unselect if you chose the wrong element.
When you have selected it, click right. The element attribute dialog
comes up. From the pull-down list, choose material labels. Then check
the box to say the Name is the same as material name.
C. Click OK, then save the label. It should be white. Objects that are
rendered white on the screen are plotted in black, so this will be a good
color for labels.
Exercise
Page 910
When you have completed this section, you will be able to:
Usually an economic pit analysis has been done prior to pit design. In this
case, we have created a DIPPER pit based on M720V1, and created VBM
features representing the pit outlines in an ASCII file. We will bring these in,
and use them to design the pit bottom features.
A. Under New Resource Map, create a new folder called pit design.
B. Highlight the folder, click right, and choose Import $ VBM (ASCII)
file. Choose dipper.vbm.
C. Feature 806 and associated Grid Set dipper.vbm_gridset will be
imported. Dipper outlines are not always closed polygons, and they are
not smooth. Since pit design works best with smooth polygons, we will
use feature 806 as a guideline to design some pit bottoms.
D. In folder pit design, create a new Geometry Object called pit bottoms.
Allow it to be of the default material geometry. Put it in Edit mode.
E. Attach Grid Set dipper.vbm_gridset from folder pit design to the viewer,
and go into 2-D mode. Choose plane 2240 as the current plane.
F. On the Clipping tab of the Viewer Properties window, check the box to
the left of Selected planes +, and choose five planes in this direction.
G. Choose Polyline $ Create $ Closed polyline. Turn Point Snap on, and
snap to the existing feature; digitizing a new, smooth, closed polyline on
plane 2240.
June 2000
Page 101
I.
Save your edits, close object 806, and go back into 3-D mode with no
clipping.
J. In folder pit design, create a new Geometry Object called pit806, and put
it in Edit mode.
Page 102
You are now ready to create a pit using these digitized pit base features.
A. Choose Tools $ Pit Expansion. The Pit Expansion dialog will come up.
B. On the Expansion tab, in the Base strings area, the Copy radio button
should be marked. Click Add, then in the viewer, click on the first base
string. Click Add again, and add the second. Then close object pit
bottoms to get it out of the way.
C. In the Expansion options area, set the start level to 2240. Check the
radio button for Multiple expansion, and set the number of steps to 5.
June 2000
D. Choose the Required tab. Set the starting elevation to 2240. The bench
height for this project is 15 meters, so leave the step size as is. Accept
the default face slope, but change the pit slope to 50 degrees. Pit slope is
the overall slope of the pit. Set a 5m berm, and set the number of steps
per berm to 1, to create a 5m. berm on every bench.
E. On the Roads tab, add a road. Click on the road, and choose
Edit. Enter 2240 as the starting bench elevation. Click the
digitizing symbol at the top left of the screen to choose a
starting point for the road at the south edge of the lowest pit
bottom feature. Enter 2240 as the level for the road to start, and accept
the default road width, grade, and direction.
June 2000
Page 103
F. You have two options in the Expansion Type dialog. If you choose Face
Slope + Pit Slope, these will be the controlling variables. The berm
width may be wider than specified, if needed to get the required pit
slope. If you choose Face Slope + Berm, your overall pit slope will not
be exceeded, but the face slope and berm specifications will determine
the overall slope in any area of the pit. Choose Face Slope + Berm.
G. Leave the expansion directions at the default values of up and outward.
H. On the Parameter Set tab, enter set1 in the box to Save parameter set,
then click Save. This will save all the settings you have made thus far.
I. Click Preview. The pit looks pretty good. Click Apply to create the pit
features in object pit806.
J. At this point, you have merged with the pushback to the northeast.
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June 2000
K. This feature has some sharply convex areas and needs to be smoothed
out before we continue to expand the pit. Click Edit strings on the
Expansion tab. Choose the toe at elevation 2315, and click OK. Turn
selection nodes ON, and use a combination of Point move, Point delete,
and Point add to make a smooth contour with a more constant point
density, as shown in the figure below.
Once you save your edits, you will be back in Pit Expansion mode.
Click the radio button for Multiple expansion, set the number of
steps to expand to 30, and click Preview. If it looks good, click
Apply. At this time, you should have created a pit that extends to
elevation 2765. Create new Geometry Feature tri_pitdesign, and put
it in Edit mode. Then close the pit expansion tool, and triangulate
the pit. The final pit should look something like the figure below.
June 2000
Page 105
L. Turn on feature 806 from your dipper pit, and see how you compare.
For a real pit, there are always other considerations in addition to the
economic pit which control the pit design.
If you dont like the resulting pit, you can select all elements of pit806,
delete them, and start again. Your settings will be saved in set1, and you can
load it and use it again.
Page 106
June 2000
June 2000
Page 107
Calculating
Reserves
Setting up a Code
Item
Once you have the pit with topo and original topo surfaces created, reserves
can be calculated for all the area between the two, as long as it is also inside
the model. Reserves can be binned by a code item, which is set in the model.
A code item is always an integer item. For this example, we will set up a
code item in model item ORE, using program m612rp.
A. Choose MS Compass $ Open MS Compass from the menus. Since you
have not yet run MS2Compass, you will need to attach the PCF.
B. Click the Folder icon below the prompt to Create a new project from an
existing PCF.
C. From the MEDSYSTEM PCF window, highlight msop10.dat, and click
Open.
D. Your PCF and its path will be shown in the box below the prompt.
Page 108
June 2000
Panel 1
On the first panel all we have to specify is the type of model file we are
using, which is a File 15.
June 2000
Page 109
Page 1010
Panel 2
Panel 3
Sept 2000
Panel 4
Panel 5
Now run M612RP again to set ORE equal to 2 when CU is between 0.41 and
2.
June 2000
Page 1011
Checking ORE
Page 1012
Panel 1
On the first panel, we just have to specify what type of model file we have,
which is a File 15.
Panel 2
June 2000
Panel 3
This is the last panel you have to fill out. Just click Next until the program
runs.
A report file will come up. Scroll down until you see a histogram. This
should show that there are ones and twos in this item.
June 2000
Page 1013
We need a partials file to run reserves on our pit. A partials file contains a
listing of all blocks within the area of interest, and their percentage within
the area.
A. Open objects tri_pitdesign in folder pit design, and tri_topo in folder
topo.
B. Choose Surface $Generate partials. Click the radio button for partials
Between surfaces.
C. In folder msop15.dat under folder models, open model view CU.
D. In the Generate partials window, use the Model view icon to choose the
open model view. Then choose tri_topo as the top surface and
tri_pitdesign as the bottom surface. Click Apply.
E. Partials will be sent to partials file mspart.out.
Setting up
pitres.dat
We will be using pitres.dat to get our reserves. This procedure is located in:
Group = STRIPPER MINE PLANS
Operation = Report
We ignore the first panel on this first run.
Page 1014
June 2000
Panel 2
The second panel is where we specify the pit we want reserves on. For
checking purposes we are going to run reserves on the partials file we just
created.
Panel 3
On this panel we indicate which grade items we want reported. Here also,
item ORE is specified as the zone item.
Sept 2000
Page 1015
Page 1016
Panel 4
Panel 5
On this panel all we need are the densities of the ore and waste.
June 2000
Panel 6
On the last panel, all we need is the item which contains the topo
information. Also check the box that Pit is clipped at TOPO.
After this runs, check the report file to make sure you are getting reserves.
This indicates that our setup is OK and is ready to transfer over to
MineSight. The first thing we need to do is rerun pitres.dat with the box on
the first panel checked. This sets everything up for use in MineSight.
Panel 1
June 2000
Page 1017
Page 1018
Sept 2000
June 2000
Page 1019
Page 1020
June 2000
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A. Design a dump starting from a crest contour, using the Extrude tool.
B. Use the Intersector tool to create a solid between the dump and topo.
C. Calculate volume for the dump.
MineSight
Approach &
Exercise 1
This section will aid the user in building a side-hill dump that has a top
elevation of 2900m, an angle of repose of 45 degrees, and expands down
with one continuous slope to intersect existing topography.
Digitize the top of the dump contour at elevation 2900 in the NW area of
the pit.
October 2000
Page 111
C. Then click Snap Edit Grid to Current Plane in the Viewer Properties
window, and choose plane 2900.
D. Zoom into the NW area of the topography, and digitize contour elevation
2900 of the dump. Click Snap $ Plane Snap, then Polyline $ Create $
Closed Polyline.
Page 112
October 2000
Step 3
Constructing a 3-D dump solid, and a 3-D dump surface from the
digitized contour elevation.
October 2000
Page 113
F. Click Preview to see how it looks. You should have the new dump solid,
limited on the bottom by the topo surface. If you get the message Failed
to extrude 1 string, you may have digitized your line clockwise. In this
case, use an expand slope of -45 degrees.
G. If it looks right, click Apply, and send the results to the Open Edit
Object, D2900 solid. Then close the Extrude window. The solid that has
been created is the dump clipped by topo. Check this solid for openings
and self-intersections and fix them if necessary.
H. To create the final topography surface, we will need a surface that
extends through the topography. Create a new Geometry Object in folder
dumps called D2900 surface, and put it in Edit mode. Then verify that
the polygon D2900 is still selected. Close D2900 solid in folder dumps
and tri901bnd in folder Training.
Page 114
October 2000
I.
J. The results of this extrusion will be a surface that is closed at the top and
open at the bottom. We will use Geometry Object D2900 surface later to
make the final topography surface.
October 2000
Page 115
Step 4
Step 5
Page 116
October 2000
4. If the entire top surface of the topography and the dump turn yellow,
then click Apply. Send the results to the Open Edit Object. Close the
Intersector Tool window and close Geometry Objects D2900solid
and merge806. The only object showing in the viewer should be
D2900Merge. Turn on the faces and turn off the lines for
D2900Merge. The following figure illustrates the final project.
Step 6
Once we have an old and a new surface, we can calculate the volume
between them by level.
A. Close all objects except D2900merge in folder Dumps and merge806 in
folder topo.
B. Choose Surface $ Calculate Volume. Select the option Between
surfaces.
C. Choose D2900merge as the top surface and merge806 as the bottom
surface.
D. Dont limit by polygons, as the surfaces are coincident at their edges.
Check the Levels option.
E. Select Grid Set msop25.top_gridset in folder topo as the controlling
Grid Set.
F. File Cut_Fill_Volumes.txt will be brought up in Notepad. This files lists
the cut and fill for each level of the Grid Set.
October 2000
Page 117
Page 118
October 2000
When you have completed this section, you will know how to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
In this section, you will design a road and calculate cut and fill volumes for
it. The road that will be designed in this exercise initiates at the west exit of
the pit haul road, elevation 2675, and terminates at the northeast side of the
dump, elevation 2900. The figure illustrates the cut and fill volumes as a
finished project.
October 2000
Page 121
Design a Road
Click on the 3-D Mode icon to go into 3-D mode. Make sure no clipping has
been set.
Create a new Geometry Object in folder Road Design called Centerline. Put
this object into Edit mode.
Turn on Face Snap by clicking Snap $ Face Snap.
Click the Show Selection Nodes icon.
Click Polyline $ Create $ Polyline.
Page 122
October 2000
October 2000
Page 123
Now we need to smooth the corners of the road. Click Polyline $ Smooth.
Set up the Smooth window to use the Spline method, and add 5 points when
smoothing. Check the boxes to Preserve end points and to use the Entire
selection. Click the Preview button; if youre satisfied with the results, click
Apply. Click right when you are done, unselect and Save the centerline
object.
Close objects Contours D2900merge, and D2900.
Attach Templates
to Road
Now we will create solids along the road centerline using our cut and fill
templates.
Create a new Geometry Object in folder Road Design called Surfaces.
Place this object in Edit mode.
Click on Tools $ Template Editor. We will use the
open template on the bottom row. For the fill, we
want the top of the template attached to the road
centerline so click on the radio button next to Top.
Set the width to 30, the height to 50, and the angle
to 45 degrees.
Now click on Surface $ Create Solid $ Attach
Template Along Polyline.
Click Entire selection, then click Apply. The fill
solid will appear in the viewer.
Repeat the above procedure to attach the open cut
template. However, this time make sure to click on the radio button next to
Bottom on the Template Editor window.
Page 124
October 2000
Check both surfaces for openings and self-intersections. Any selfintersections are probably in the corners. In that case, smoothing the corners
and re-attaching the templates is the best solution.
Obtain and
Balance Cut & Fill
Volumes
Once the volumes are approximately balanced, we can merge the road
surface with the Triangulated topo to produce the final design surface with
the pit, dump, and roads all merged in.
October 2000
Page 125
Close everything that is open. Open Surfaces in folder Road Design, and
D2900merge in folder dumps.
Create a new Geometry Object called TopoWithFill. Put this object in Edit
mode.
Choose Surface $ Intersect Surfaces. Select D2900merge as the primary
surface, and the fill portion (lower surface) of Surfaces as the secondary
surface. Choose the option for the Fill Surface. Click Apply, and send the
results to the Open Edit Object. Close object D2900merge when you are
done.
Finally, we will merge object TopoWithFill with the cut surface.
A. Create a new Geometry Object Final Topo in folder Road Design. Put it
in Edit mode.
B. Choose Surface$ Intersect Surfaces. Choose object TopoWithFill as
the primary surface, and the cut portion (upper surface) of Surfaces as
the secondary surface. Choose the option for the Cut surface. Click
Apply, and send the results to the Open Edit Object. Close objects
TopoWithFill, and Surfaces.
Page 126
October 2000
When you have completed this section, you will be able to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Survey Parameter
File
When doing work with survey data using programs accessed from the
MineSight Compass menus, you must have a survey parameter file. This
file specifies how to display different kinds of survey data, and it contains
some keywords to identify special kinds of data like breakpoints. In
MineSight, display attributes are set by the material associated with the
data. We can create materials for all our different types of survey data by
importing the survey parameter file. All these materials will have the default
display colors and styles, but we can then customize them as desired.
A. Highlight the materials folder, click right, and choose Import $ Survey
Code File. Highlight file param.cod, and choose Open.
B. Now view the materials in this folder. You should see new materials like
CST, TOE, and TOPO.
C. Set properties for the above materials as follows:
1. CST % blue with dashed lines
2. ELEV % purple; set node size to .5
3. TOE % blue with solid lines
4. TOPO brown with solid lines
October 2000
Page 131
Importing Survey
Data
For now, just leave this window as is, and click OK. Four new objects will
be imported into folder Month1; CST, ELEV, ROAD, and TOE. This is the
survey data as it currently exists.
Create another new folder under folder survey called Month2. Highlight all
objects in folder Month1, click right, and choose Edit $ Copy from the Data
Manager. Click on folder Month2, and choose Edit $ Paste. A copy of all
the objects should appear in folder Month2. We will consider folder Month2
to be the master folder. Close the objects in the Month1 folder, and open all
the objects in the Month2 (master) folder.
Page 132
October 2000
Master Folder
Concept
A good way to keep your data from being corrupted is to keep a master
folder with the current data. Store the current months data in the master
folder, and import new data into a working folder for editing purposes. Then
merge all the new data into the master folder.
Use these steps to keep control of the data:
A. Set properties for each survey type in the material, not in the Geometry
Object. In that case, any new data imported with the same survey code
will have the same properties.
B. Keep each months data in a separate folder. This will be the master
folder for the month. On the first day of the month, create a new folder,
and copy all data from the previous month into this folder, using Edit
$Copy and Edit $ Paste from the Data Manager.
C. Create a working folder. Import the days pickups into the working
folder. Highlight all objects in the working folder, and use Global
Properties to set thicker lines. This will differentiate the new data from
the old.
D. Do any updating of the pickups in the working folder, prior to merging
it with the master data.
E. When preparing to merge the days pickups with the current months
data, do a multi-object select of the objects in the master folder and the
objects in the working folder.
F. If doing a join, always choose the element from the master folder first,
then the element from the working folder. MS2 will then save the results
to the object in the master folder.
G. When you have merged all the pickups with the data in the master
folder, close all objects in the working folder and verify that no data has
been missed. Then delete all objects in the working folder.
Bringing in the
Days Pickups
Highlight folder survey, click right, and choose New $ Folder. Name the
folder working. Highlight folder working, and choose Import $ Survey
(ASCII) file. Highlight pickup.srv, and click on Open. Leave the import
window as is, and click OK. Objects CST, TOE, and ELEV will be imported
to folder working.
Highlight all three objects in folder working. Click right, and choose
Properties. On the Polylines tab, choose the next thicker line type. On the
Points tab, choose a node type of X. Click OK. The new data in the CST and
TOE objects will have a thicker line type, and the new ELEV data will have
a different node type.
October 2000
Page 133
Merge the pickup into the master folder by doing a multi-object select of
both the master (Month2) and the pickup (working) folders (use the CTRL
key to select across folders).
Keep the selected data in its regular color by using Selection $ Properties
$ No highlighting.
The old ELEV shots from the master folder should be deleted using
Element Delete. Click Element $ Delete, and simply click on the existing
ELEV points (crosses) in the area where the bench has been pushed back.
After completing, do a Save and Continue.
Next, do a Polyline $ Split on the old part of the CST, deleting the middle
portion, as this part has been replaced with the new pickup. Do the same for
the TOE but keep the middle part, as it can now be treated as random floor
shots. Note that the Split function will make a new node with an interpolated
elevation from the node either side.
Page 134
October 2000
Now do a Polyline $ Join for the CST and then the TOE, making sure to
always pick the master folder string (thinner linetype) first. After
completing this, do a Selection $ Save.
Then, from the Data Manager, click Select $ All elements for the ELEV
object of the pickup folder (working). Click Selection $ Move to Object,
and move them to the master folder (Month2). Click Selection $ Save.
Finally, to convert the old TOE shots to random floor shots, click Selection
$ Make new, and pick the old part of the TOE. Click Selection $ Move to
Object, and move it to the ELEV object of the master folder. Click
Selection $ Save, change the properties of ELEV to show Nodes, but not
Lines, and the merging is completed.
Triangulating the
Data to Create
Surfaces
This data can be triangulated to form an updated surface. We would also like
to have the surface from the previous month for comparison.
A. Open all objects in folder Month2, and close all other objects.
B. In folder Month2, create a new Geometry Object called pit bnd. Assign
the object material boundary, which has survey type boundary.
C. Select the outermost CST polygon on elevation 2675. Choose Selection
$ Copy to object. Choose object pit bnd in folder Month2. Then save
the data. This creates a boundary that can be used to limit the
triangulation.
D. Create a folder under survey called volumes. In this folder, create a
Geometry Object called surf_month2, and put it in Edit mode.
October 2000
Page 135
E. Select all the objects in folder Month2 using the Multimember select icon. Click right to complete the selection.
F. Choose Surface $ Triangulate surface $ With selection.
Send the results to the Open Edit Object, surf_month2. Set the objects
properties to Show faces on surfaces.
G. Create another new Geometry Object in folder volumes called
surf_month1, and put it in Edit mode.
H. Close all objects in folder Month2 except pit bnd. Then open all objects
in folder Month1.
I.
Select all objects in folder Month1, plus object pit bnd in folder
Month2. A good way to do this is to use the option to highlight the
objects and choose Select $ All elements from the Data Manager. Dont
click right until you are done highlighting and selecting objects.
Calculating
Volume of Material
Removed
ELEV.
======
2660.00
2645.00
2630.00
2615.00
2600.00
2585.00
2570.00
2555.00
2540.00
2525.00
2510.00
2495.00
2480.00
2465.00
2450.00
Page 136
CUT
CUMULATIVE
CU METER
CU METER
========= =========
0
0
269
269
920
1189
1359
2548
2355
4903
340
5243
478
5721
295
6016
279
6296
1419
7714
615
8330
336
8665
8534
17200
937906
955105
1101
956206
FILL
CUMULATIVE
CU METER
CU METER
========= =========
10
10
404
414
664
1078
924
2002
1278
3280
298
3579
1435
5013
751
5764
1236
7000
1261
8261
922
9183
51
9234
683
9916
11236
21152
2280
23433
NET
CU METER
=========
-10
-135
256
435
1077
42
-956
-456
-956
157
-306
285
7852
926670
-1179
CUM. NET
CU METER
=========
-10
-145
111
546
1622
1664
708
252
-704
-547
-853
-568
7284
933953
932774
October 2000
Plotting Survey
Data
Gridding Survey
Data
The surface that we have created may be used to produce a file of points for
each block in the East-North direction in our project limits. This file can be
used as input to other programs.
A. Close all objects and turn the grids off in the Viewer
Properties.
B. Open object surf_Month2 in folder Month2.
C. Choose Point $ General gridder. Click on the blue Surface icon, then
choose the surface from the viewer. Or click on the OCB icon, and
choose the surface using the Object Contents Browser (OCB), as
explained in Section 4.
October 2000
Page 137
D. By default the cell size specified in the project limits will be used.
However, the boxes on the General Gridder window can also be used to
specify a different cell size.
E. Choose the option to send points to a 3-D point file, then click Apply.
Specify filename pit.xyz. Close the General gridder window, and
examine the output file with Kedit or Notepad. By default, it will be
stored in the project directory. The file is composed of x-y-z coordinates,
one set to a line, suitable for import to MineSight 2 as a 3-D points file.
Triangulating
Stockpile Data
Page 138
October 2000
October 2000
Page 139
Page 1310
October 2000
October 2000
Page 1311
Page 1312
October 2000
Capabilities
Conventions
With the Blast Pattern Editor in MineSight 2, you can create floor, trim, or
ramp shots, and calculate the drilling depth of each blasthole. You can
design the shots in advance, or you can import partially surveyed shot
patterns and calculate the location of the missing holes. Triangular or
rectangular shots can be used, adding a numbering offset, or with a prefix or
suffix added to each shot ID. The shot can be clipped by a polygon with the
numbering being applied prior to or after the clipping. Individual blastholes
can be added using the mouse or added along a polyline. The number of
holes is controlled by a count, distances between holes, or the increment
between the first blasthole number and the last.
Each mine will have its own convention for naming shots. In this project we
name the shots with an s for shot, then the bench reference number mm, and
a sequential shot ID nnn, e.g., s22010 for the tenth shot on bench 22.
Normally, the file with the assays for the blastholes will have the extension
.asy. The location of the blasthole collars will have the extension .grd, and
the merged assay and collar location file will have the extension .bhs.
Limitations
June 2000
Page 141
Click the survey $Month2 folder. Highlight and open the TOE and CST
objects. We will use the survey data to locate the blast pattern.
Create a folder under New Resource Map called Blast Patterns. Click the
menu bar choice Tools $ Blast Pattern Editor. In the Open a Geometry File
window, choose the folder Blast Patterns. Enter s22010.grd for Name, and
Blasthole for Material.
Blast Pattern
Editor Window
Page 142
Since we are creating a new shot, there are no blastholes in the MineSight
Blast Pattern Editor (BPE) window. The BPE window has four tabs that
control the creation and modification of the blast patterns.
Sept 2000
Defaults
The Defaults tab is used prior to defining the Prefix and/or suffix of the
blasthole numbering, and to toggle the display of the blast pattern Limit Box
and arrows. After a blast pattern has been created, the Export table data to
ASCII button allows the export of the blasthole collar locations, with either
the blasthole depth or the coordinates, at the bottom of each blasthole.
Make sure that the Show row/column axes box is checked, and click the
Grid tab.
Grid
Sept 2000
Page 143
2. Extent - Where you define the length of the row/column axes and
optionally select a clipping boundary. If you are using a clipping
boundary, you can apply the numbering before or after the clipping. Use
the mouse-input button to adjust the Blast Pattern limits.
Clipping Boundary
Lets use a clipping boundary. Since you can only select one
boundary line, we will want to digitize a new polygon connecting
the toe and crest lines at elevation 2465. Create a new object in
Blast Patterns called shot limits. Accept the default material type.
Put shot limits into Edit mode.
Select Snap$Polyline Snap from the menu bar. Select
Polyline$Create Planar$Closed Polyline. Digitize along the 2465
elevation lines. Turn Snap off to digitize the last point to make the
shot boundary.
Page 144
June 2000
Save the polygon, then highlight the s22010.grd object. Click the
right mouse button, and select Edit, then Tools $ Blast Pattern
Editor. Notice how the starting location, angle and limits are
retained. Click the Clip before numbering box. The effect of using
the clipping boundary will be to limit the creation of the blastholes
to within both the pattern limit box and the polygon box. Also check
Clipping Boundary, and select the polygon you just created.
3. Size % This is where you define the distance between columns and rows.
To create a rectangular pattern, leave the Offsets at 0. To create
triangular patterns, enter an offset in the Column, Row or both boxes.
Change the value to 10 by 10 with 0 offsets.
4. Numbering % This is where you define the starting number and the
increment along the columns and rows. The Row Inc: box lets you
increment each row by a set amount, e.g., 100. The Odd Row Inc: box
allows you to number along the diagonals for an equilateral pattern. Set
the column offset to half of the spacing, and number rows as 100,99 and
101,100 for left to right, and right to left diagonals respectively. The Up
and Back on rows check box lets you implement boustrophedonic
numbering. Lets accept the defaults numbering scheme. Click the
Preview button.
June 2000
Page 145
Change the column width and click Preview. Change the Row width and
click Preview. Now change the offset and click Preview. Enter a value
such as 100 in the Row Inc: box and click Preview. Check the Odd Row
Inc: box and click Preview. Check the Up and back on rows box and
click Preview.
Make sure that the Clipping boundary box and the Clip before
numbering box are checked, and the Column, Row widths are set to 10,
with no offset, the Start Column is set to 1, the Row Inc: is set to 0, the
Column Inc: is set to 1 and only the Up and back on rows box is
checked. Click the Apply button.
Adjust
Page 146
June 2000
Once you have created the locations of the blastholes in the pattern, the Blast
Pattern Editor lists the ID, the Easting, Northing, Elevation, and the Depth of
the blastholes in the MineSight Blast Pattern Editor window, and switches
to the Adjust tab. Here you can adjust the collar elevation and calculate the
depth of each blasthole in the pattern.
First however, you must select which blastholes to adjust. Click right in the
list and choose select all to quickly select all the blastholes.
In Data Manager, go to the volumes folder under survey. Highlight and open
the surf_month2 object. Click the Project collars to surface(s) box inside
the Adjust box. Pick the surface, then click Apply. Note how the elevation
values change in the MineSight Blast Pattern Editor list.
June 2000
Page 147
This shot is now finished. The shot has standard, full depth blastholes. You
could export the location and depth of each blasthole to an ASCII file, using
the Export option under the Defaults tab. However, we will first illustrate
other MineSight 2.0 Blast Pattern Editor options.
If your mine surveys the end row blastholes of each pattern, you can import
the survey file. MineSight 2 can fill in the non-surveyed holes based on the
width, offsets, and numbering criteria you defined in the Grid tab. The
numbering will be between the IDs of the surveyed blastholes.
Page 148
June 2000
When you have completed this section, you will be able to:
Import and export DXF files.
MineSight has the ability to import and export DXF files. These files can
be AutoCad release 9 through 14. However, MineSight doesnt recognize
all types of data available in AutoCad. The recognizable data types are:
Import DXF
To import a DXF file, highlight the desired folder in the Data Manager.
Click right, and select Import $ DXF. Choose the correct file, and click
OK. A list of the layers in the file will appear. Highlight the layers you wish
to import and click OK. One Geometry Object will be created for each layer.
Export as DXF
MineSight can also export Geometry Objects as DXF files. Just highlight
the objects you want to export in the Data Manager, click right, and select
Export $ DXF File. Name the file, and click OK. Polygons and polylines
are exported as polylines. Meshes (surfaces, shells) are exported as 3-D
Faces.
MineSight is the best tool for bringing DXF data into the system. The other
programs that handle DXFs require AutoCad release 9 through 12, and dont
handle as many types of data as MineSight.
May 2000
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Page 152
May 2000
APPENDIX
Underground Applications
With MineSight 2
notes:
This workshop is intended to show the tools available for the design of underground mines
using MineSight 2 (MS2). Reserves estimation and scheduling will be calculated using various tools available in MineSight and MineSight Compass (MS Compass). The CAD functions available in MineSight make it ideal for a mine operation to design and update the
underground mine information. The examples covered in this workshop will be:
1) Stope/pillar design from geologic orebody.
2) Layout of primary access (ramps, shafts, cross-cuts, haulage levels).
3) Block caving layout and drill pattern design (fan or parallel).
4) Reserves calculations from MineSight 2 and MineSight Compass .
5) Scheduling using M821, and Whats Best! Spreadsheet add-in solver.
Stope/Pillar Design
The design of stopes and pillars can be done from digitized or imported geologic contours. In
this example, we have digitized the ore zones from composited drillholes.
Page 1
notes:
The geologic zones are in plan and will be linked in MS2 to create a solid. The crown pillars will
be linked into one object, while the stope and rib pillars will be linked into a second object.
Make sure the polygons are in the same directions (i.e., clockwise) and the strong nodes start
in the same position. After linking, check the solid for openings and self-intersections.
The finished solid with crown pillars linked separately from the stope and rib pillars.
Page 2
A sectional Grid Set will be created to slice the solid. The solid will be sliced in 5 m increments.
Create a Folder called Grids. Highlight the folder Grids, click right, and go to NewGrid Set.
Enter the name xsec. Fill in the xsec window as shown below, and click OK.
notes:
The Grid Set can be used to slice the object. Close the Grid Set view and create a folder called
xsec-ore to store the sliced ore. Make sure the linked Objects crowns and stp/ribs are the
only objects in the viewer. Highlight the Folder xsec-ore, click right, and select Slice View.
Click on xsec for the Grid Set, and then click OK. The VBM Set xsec-ore now contains crowns
and stp/ribs outlines every 5m along the strike, in a Geometry Object called 999. The Geometry Object created has the name of 999 because the default material type for an object is
Geometry. Geometry material type has a VBM and model code of 999 in the materials folder,
so the slice creates an object with the VBM code specified.
Page 3
notes:
Make orebody solids for the individual stopes, rib pillars and crown
pillars
Specifications:
Stopes: 140 ft along strike by 75 ft vertical, with width dependent on orebody thickness
Rib pillars: 25 ft along strike by 75 ft vertical, with width dependent on orebody
thickness
Crown pillars: 160 ft along strike by 25 ft vertical, with width dependent on thickness
The orebody will be separated into individual solids with the sliced polygons. Determine
the number of equal length stopes (including rib pillar) along the strike. (For an 875ft
strike length, you would have five at 160ft each). Because of irregular boundaries,
check the stope lengths on each level, and adjust them if necessary. Use Volume
Clipping and Current plane adjust to check the outlines on every plane.
Page 4
The stopes will have a naming convention of the plan # with extension of the stope #
(6550.1S). The rib and crowns will have a similar naming convention plan # (rib or
crown) # .
notes:
For Example:
6550-1C would mean the solid of the Crown portion of stope number 1 on level 6550.
6550-1S would mean the solid of the Stope portion of stope number 1 on level 6550.
6550-1R would be the Rib on level 6550 for stope number 1.
We will have three levels which are at 6550, 6450, and 6350. Link the Stopes, rib, and
crown pillars to create the solids. Make sure the polygons are in the correct orientation,
and that the strong node starts in the same orientation. This can be checked using the
PolylineRedefineEndpoints and direction.
The solids should be checked for openings and self-intersections. If they are fine, then
volumes and reserves can be calculated from the solids.
Page 5
notes:
Shaft X/cuts: 10 ft. by 10 ft. openings connecting shaft and F/W haulage drift.
30 ft. turning radius on connections to F/W haulage drifts.
F/W Haulage Drifts:
10 ft. by 10 ft. openings on 6550, 6450, and 6350 levels.
Locate 50 ft. back from F/W of orebody.
Vent Shafts:
Ramp:
10 ft. high by 15 ft. wide opening from 6650 shaft X/cut down to 6350 level
Orient along strike with connections to each shaft X/cut.
-10% grade with flat switchbacks and flat connections at shaft X/cuts.
20 ft. turning radius on switchbacks.
Page 6
Now, use the Point Editor to create a vertical line which will be
the shaft. It will have four stations, including the level in which
the line starts. Enter the information at right for a vertical (-90
dip) shaft, and stations at 6650, 6550, 6450, 6350. It will create
three, 100 ft segments starting at station 6650.
notes:
Now open your topo contours and place your view in plan. Measure the distance from the 6650 station to the top of the topo,
and create a line with the distance found. The vents can be
created using the same method as the shaft or they can be
copied from the shaft and edited to reach the topo at their corresponding locations. The Point Editor can be used to enter a
precise location or a relative distance to move the shaft (vent).
Page 7
notes:
Cross-Cuts
The x-cuts will be in four levels. They will start in level 6650, and end in level 6350 every 100
ft. The levels should end 50 ft from the orebody F/W. We can create a planar Grid Set that will
be on the elevations we will be working on. To create a Grid Set, select the folder to store it in,
click right, and go to NewGrid Set. Enter the name of the Grid Set and click OK. Enter the
information required as shown below.
Attach the Grid Set to the viewer so you can change between 2-D and 3-D, or
use the plane filter and volume clipping options. Click the Viewer properties
icon. Select a Grid Set by clicking on the green icon to the right of Grid Set. An
Edit grid can also be selected.
Page 8
notes:
Page 9
notes:
Page 10
Internal Ramp
notes:
A. Select CLXCUTS on level 6550. Check if a point exists back 25-30 ft from the
end of the X/cut on level 6550. Toggle ON the Show nodes and measure the
distance. If a point exists, go to step C.
B. Open the Point Editor. Select Point Add, and select the last segment on the xcut. On the Point Editor, enter Absolute AZM=260, DIP=0, and DIST=25, to add
the point. Click right and save selection.
C. Create Geometry Object CLRAMP in folder PRIDEVT, and set it to Edit mode.
Make sure you have the following objects open: CLFWHAUL, CLSHAFT, and
CLXCUTS.
D. Turn on Volume Clipping, and go to plane 6650.
E. In the Viewer Properties window, go to the Clipping tab. Set the volume
clipping to unequal and the range to 12.5 volume+ and 101 volume-, so levels
6650 and 6550 will show up.
F. Select Polyline Create Polyline, and click on the 6650 Shaft X/cut end
point (Point Snap should be ON).
G. Create a 500 ft on-strike portion using the Point Editor.
a. In the Point Editor window, select File Ramp Editor, then click Options,
and turn off Curve ramp. Select percent% as slope units.
b. Then set up the Ramp Editor window as shown in the picture. Click
Preview, and if it looks ok, click Apply.
Page 11
notes:
Page 12
J.
Select the ramp for editing. Click Polyline Append, and click on the end of
the switchback. In the Ramp Editor, turn off Curved Ramp and enter the
azimuth measured in step I (e.g., 342.9) with the rest of the information as
shown in the picture. Click Preview, and if it looks ok, then click Apply.
notes:
K. To finish this portion of the ramp, click on the intersection point on the 6550
shaft X/cut. A flat segment will be created.
L. Continue with the ramp until reaching elevation 6350.
Page 13
notes:
Page 14
notes:
A. In the Block Caving folder create a Geometry Object called 2Ddesign. Place it
in Edit mode.
B. Zoom into the right lower corner of
the grid. Turn on the snap function in
Snap Grid Snap and Plane Snap.
Go to Polyline Create Planar
Closed Polyline. Click right to end
edits and Save selection. We have
just created the start of the draw
raises.
C. We want to create another draw raise 7 m on the x-direction of the current one,
but the grid is at a 350 azm. Check the difference of the X and Y by clicking on
the corner of the draw raise, and moving 7 cells in the x-direction. Check results
at the bottom right side of the MineSight 2 window (I.e., x= -6.89, y= -1.22).
D. Open the Point Editor and select the square for editing. Go to Element
Copy and click on the draw raise. Enter the X and Y difference from above, X= 6.89 and Y= -1.22 (relative coordinates). Click Apply. Save the results.
Page 15
notes:
E. We will create a transfer raise with the existing draw raise. Select the draw
raise digitized (left draw raise). With the Point Editor open, go to Element
Copy and click on the draw raise. Enter the coordinates, X = -3.89 and Y =
0.69 (relative coordinates). Click Apply.
F. The transfer raise will be 1.5 m x 1.5 m
so we need to scale it; But the raise
needs to be a 3-D object. Go to Polyline
Convert 3D to 2D and click on the
transfer raise. Click right to end. Go to
Element Scale and click on the
transfer raise again. Enter the scale as
shown:
G. We need to copy the transfer raises three more times North of the current one.
Save the selections and select only the transfer raise for editing. The Point
Editor should be on the screen. Go to Element Copy and click on the
transfer raise. In the Element Copy window, enter 3 for the count. In the Point
Editor window, enter the azimuth = 350, dip=0, and distance = 7. Then click
Apply.
Page 16
I.
Page 17
notes:
Create the haulage drift by creating a line between the second and third
transfer raise. To make it easier and correct, start the line with a point in the
bottom right corner of the Grid Set by selecting Polyline Create Planar
Polyline. In the Point Editor window enter Azm=350, Dip=0, and distance =
12.5. Then click Preview and Apply if it looks correct. This is a reference line
and will be deleted after we create the haulage drift.
notes:
J.
The haulage drift is perpendicular to this line of 50 ft. In the Point Editor enter
azm=260 (350-90), azm=0, and distance = 50. Click Apply, and click right to
end the edits. Delete the reference line created.
K. Since all the strings created are in the undercutting level elevation, it is
necessary to move them to their appropriate elevation using the Point Editor
and the Element Move option. Select the four transfer raises, and open the
Point Editor. Go to Element Move, click on Entire Selection, and enter
6.1 in the Z relative area. Click Save Selection.
L. Select the grizzly drift and move it down 6.2 units. Save the edits. Select and
move the haulage drift 23.8 units down. Save selection when done.
Page 18
notes:
B. Go to Surface Create Solid Using Extrude Tool, and select the draw
raise on the right. Enter the same information as above, except make the
azimuth = 260. Save the selection, and add faces to the object draw raise.
C. A template will be used to create a solid for the grizzly drift. Create a Geometry
Object called grizzly drift and place it in Edit mode. Go to Tools Template
Editor. Adjust the template so that it will be in the center between the two draw
raises. Select a template, and try entering the information as shown below.
Then attach the template to the grizzly drift by going to Surface Create
Solid Attach a template along Polyline. Click Entire Selection. Click
Preview, and if it looks okay, click Apply.
Page 19
notes:
D. Similar steps will be used for the Transfer Raises and Haulage drifts to create
3-D layouts.
E. Copy the Draw Raises along the Grizzly Drift, every 4.5 m using the Element
copy command with the Point Editor on. Copy the Grizzly drift with the draw
raises 10 m perpendicular to the direction of the grizzly drift.
Page 20
F. The transfer raises and Haulage level will be copied along the grizzly drift a
distance of 23 m.
notes:
G. M650ED can be used to create a drill pattern. The pattern can be fan or
parallel. The tool used is the Ray generator in Menu 3, and the result for a fan
drill pattern can be similar to the one below.
Page 21
notes:
2.
An executable batch file called msrunres.bat must exist in your project directory.
A. Create a folder called MODEL. Highlight folder MODEL, click right, and go to
NEW Model View. Name the view CU.
B. Click Select PCF, and select the file Mine10.dat. Click OK.
C. Change the Primary display item to CU in the Display tab.
D. Click the Range tab, select level 18 (6575-6550), and click Apply.
E. Add cutoffs of min = 0, max = 4, with increments of 0.2. Add colors.
Look at each one of these items in a Model View to become familiar with how the
model is coded. Overlay Geometry Object 66 in the PLN-ORE folder to check the
positioning of the orebody in relation to the model.
The batch file msrunres.bat runs the MEDSYSTEM underground reserving program
(which is a M708V1 user subroutine), summarizes the results, and displays the reserve
report on the screen.
Open MS Compass and go to:
Group: 3D Deposit Modeling
Operation: Data Convert
Page 22
Select the procedure UG1SET.DAT. A parameter file needs to be created before running
the procedure, and we can call it PARAM.UG. The following is an example of a
parameter sample parameter file.
notes:
Page 23
notes:
Open a DOS prompt, and in your project directory, copy file mxpert.bat to
msrunres.bat
This takes care of the preparation work prior to running reserves directly from
MineSight 2.This prep work only has to be done once, unless you want to change the
report or the item information.
Page 24
Page 25
notes:
notes:
crown pillar segment in order of extraction is listed immediately below the section.
The first step before creating the reserve files is to create partials files of the solids
from MineSight 2. The partials files contain the percentage of the solid inside each
block in the block model.
A. In MS2, go to the stopes folder and open all your stopes, ribs and crowns at
6550 line of stopes.
B. Make sure the solids have no openings or intersections by using the
Surface Check for opening and Check for self-intersections.
C. In your model file, open the CU model view.
D. Go to Surface Generate Partials and the Generate partials panel will
appear.
E. Click the icon to the right of the model view option, and select the CU
model view. Click the first icon under Solid, and select the 6550-1S solid.
Page 26
Change the partials file (cut/fill) name to 1-S.out, and click Apply.
notes:
Follow the steps for the rest of the stopes, ribs, and crowns, and change the partials
file name to a there corresponding number and name.
Run procedure UG1RES from Ms Compass using a multi-run to get reserve files. The
reserve files will be used for procedure UG1SUM.dat to summarize reserves and
create a summary table for M821V1.
Below is a sample of UG1RES.dat in a multi-run. Change the name of the input partials
file created in MS2 by using ?01.
Page 27
notes:
The reserve files created need to be combined. The summary of reserves can be
done in one step using procedure UG1SUM.DAT. Enter the information required and
the reserve files in the following order. The extraction sequence (in numeric order) will
be followed in the summary file.
The output files need to be converted into M821V1 format. The results of the .123 or
.rpt files can be used to create new files for the scheduling program. The files should
be as follows:
(Stope#, Ore type, Total ton(nes), Grade.) They can be edited in EXCEL, then
exported as ASCII files. The format used is: 2I4,10F10.2. The top two lines will be
skipped.
Page 28
The file above will be named line1.dat for level 6550. The same method will be used
for levels 6450 and 6350. They will be named line2.dat, and line3.dat, respectively.
notes:
M821V1 is Mintecs long-range scheduling program for open pit mines. The program
has sufficient flexibility to allow its use for some types of underground scheduling as
well. The files created can be edited for use in the M821V1 program.
Six-month ore requirement: 80,000 tonnes
Production rate:
640 tons/day on a five-day week
Schedule objective:
Maximize contained metal
Panel 1
Panel 4
We are using M821V1 only for
its ability to tell us where we will
be mining in each period, if we
want to maximize the contained
metal each period, and satisfy the
80000 ton ore call. We will schedule eight, six-month periods.
Specify the three lines of
stopes and one mill. There is no
need for any other destination.
The revenue and mill cost figures
can be fictitious, and the results
generated from them ignored.
Page 29
notes:
Panel 5
Panel 7
Specify a maximum daily
mining rate along each line of
stopes.
Since total production requirements can come from one line
in any period, the maximum rate
is 640 tonnes/day, plus a 100
tonne tolerance, or 740 tonnes/
day. The 35-minute cycle times
between the stoping lines and
the mill are ignored.
Panels 17, 18
Specify the 80,000 ore tonnage
requirement for each six-month
period. All material will go to the
mill. The rest of the inputs can
default to 0 or some other value.
Page 30
Panel 24
notes:
Specify that LINE1 must stay ahead of LINE2, and LINE2 must stay ahead of LINE3.
Panel 28
Specify the Total Capacity and Period Capacity for the mill. The second lift is for a direct mill
feed stockpile, and provides some overflow capacity for the scheduler.
Page 31
notes:
The standard report file from M821V1 will tell us which stopes, ribs, and crown pillars are
being mined in each six-month period, by comparing the tonnes with the reserve file tonnes
(line1.dat). It will also indicate the tonnes, grade, and the amount (lbs) of metal produced.
The table below shows the results for Period 1.
This printout tells us when stopes 1 and 2 are completed, stope 3 has been started during the
first six-month production period, and the rib and crown pillars from stope 1 have been
recovered.
The objective of this schedule was to maximize the contained metal. This can result in
multiple stoping lines being active in one period, if such a situation produces more pounds of
copper.
Page 32
The files contain sequencing, material type, tonnage and grade information.
notes:
The Schedule option will prompt the user to enter the number of periods for which the schedule should be optimized.
Tonnages for each stope and period are calculated in order to meet the period requirements
and to optimize the grade. The program generates a table showing the results. The numbers
are identical to the ones obtained using M821V1.
The table is also a visual check of how well the precedence constraints are respected.
As it can be seen below, line 1 is always mined ahead of line 2 which is also mined ahead of
line 3.
Page 33
notes:
Future enhancements will be considered based on users suggestions. Some of the ideas
being considered are:
Stand alone windows interface where the user will be able to switch back and
forth from and to Excel.
Two scheduling classes (i.e., ore-waste or oxide ore-sulfide ore).
Reporting of multiple grades.
Minimum and/or maximum number of stopes to be mined by period.
Page 34