AFGANISTAN

refugees (country of origin): 257,523 (Pakistan) (2015).

IDPs: 1,174,306 (m ostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in the south and west due to drought and
political instability) (2015).
Transnational issues:
Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan militar y meet periodically to clarify the alignm ent of the boundar y
on the ground and on maps and since 2014 have met to discuss collaboration on the Taliban
insurgency and counterterrorism efforts; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed
boundar y monum ent densification and resurve y; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of
dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Pakistan has sent troops across and built
fences along some rem ote tribal areas of its treaty- defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan
which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Russia rem ains concerned
about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries

Illicit drugs:
world's largest producer of opium; poppy cultivation increased 7 percent, to a record 211,000
hectares in 2014 from 198,000 hectares in 2013, while eradication dropped sharply; relatively low
opium yields due to poor weather kept potential opium production - 6,300 metric tons - below the
record set in 2007; the Taliban and other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the
opiate trade, which is a key source of revenue for the Taliban inside Afghanistan; widespread
corruption and instability impede counterdrug efforts; most of the heroin consum ed in Europe and
Eurasia is derived from Afghan opium; Afghanistan is also struggling to respond to a burgeoning
dom estic opiate addiction problem; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal financial
networks; illicit cultivation of cannabis and regional source of hashish

From CIA factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/af.html

La naturaleza cambiante de la migracin de retorno en Afganistn

http://www.fmreview.org/es/afganistan/kuschminder-siegel-majidi.html
La migracin a la UE tras el conflicto en Afganistn y Somalial
http://www.fmreview.org/es/destino-europa/majidi.html

Violencia y vulnerabilidades: afganos en Pakistn

http://www.fmreview.org/es/afganistan/alimia.html

Forced Migration Review

Refugee Studies Centre Oxford Department of International Development University of Oxford 3 Mansfield
Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROSPECTS/Resources/3349341199807908806/4549025-1214334216239/Afghanistan.pdf
DATOS DE MIGRACIONES EN AFGANISTAN

INMIGRACIN: La juventud afgana aspira a una vida mejor en Europa

http://www.voxeurop.eu/es/content/article/89181-la-juventud-afgana-aspirauna-vida-mejor-en-europa