RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Department: - EEE Subject: Solid State Drives

Semester: - VI

1. four quadrant operation of a drive

2. Derive the mathematical condition for steady state stability?
3. A motor drives two loads. One as rotational moment. It is coupled to the
motor through a reduction gear with a=0.1 and efficiency of 90%. The load
has a moment of inertia of 9 kg-m2 and a torque of 10 N-m. Other load has
translational motion and consists of 1000kg weight to be lifted up at a
uniform speed of 1m/s. coupling between this load and motor has efficiency of
95%. Motor has inertia of 0.2 kg-m2 and runs at a constant speed of1420rpm.
Determine equivalent inertia referred to the motor shaft and power
developed by the motor.
4. Fig 1 shows the plots of speed Vs motor and load torques. Comment on the
stability of the operating points A, B, C, D. The curved one is motor
characteristics. The straight lines are the load characteristics .

5. Explain
what do you

understand by the steady state stability ?

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1. Define an Inverter
2. Mention the applications of inverters
3. Mention different types of Inverters
4. What is Voltage –Second Balance?
5. What will happen if Voltage Second Balance is not maintained?
6. What are the Differences between Half Bridge & Full Bridge Inverter?
7. What is the Difference between Feedback Diode &Free Wheeling Diode?
8. What are the Different Methods of Voltage Control of Inverters?
9. Mention the drawbacks of External Control Method?
10. Mention the Types of Switching in Two level Inverters
11. Compare Unipolar & Bi Polar Switching in inverters
12. Mention the Switching states of an Inverter (Two Level)
13. Mention the Different Types of Modulation Techniques
14. Mention the Drawback of Sine PWM
15. Mention the Advantages of SVPWM
16. What is the purpose of D-Q Transformation?
17. Write the relationship between no of states and number of levels of an ‘N’ level
inverter
18. What is meant by Harmonics?
19. Mention the effects of Harmonics.
20. Mention the methods to eliminate Harmonics.
21. Mention the Performance Parameters of an Inverter
22. Write the Fourier series Formula
23. What is Voltage –Second Balance? What will happen if Voltage Second Balance
is not maintained?
24. What are the Differences between Half Bridge & Full Bridge Inverter?
25. What is the Difference between Feedback Diode &Free Wheeling Diode?
26. What are the Different Methods of Voltage Control of Inverters?
27. Draw the Diagram for Full Bridge Inverter when it is working in Feed back mode.
28. Mention the Performance Parameters of an Inverter
29. Write the Fourier series Formula.
30. Mention the Differences between Modified Mc-murray & Bed Ford Inverters
31. List four applications of an inverter
32. How inverters are classified?
33. What is CSI and VSI? Why they are so called?
34. List the applications of CSI
35. What are the modes in which a three-phase inverter operated?
36. List the advantages of transistor over thyristors for the use in inverters
37. Why voltage of a square wave inverter cannot be controlled?
38. List the types of voltage control used in inverters?
39. Compare 180-degree mode and 120-degree mode operation.
40. Compare CSI and VSI
41. Why feedback diodes are not used in CSI.
42. Give the expression for frequency of operation in a series inverter
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43. What is the importance of dead band in series inverter waveform?

44. Write the condition for Line commutated Inverter operation.
45. List the drawbacks of a series inverter
46. List the difference between series inverter and modified series inverter
47. Tabulate the firing sequence for a 3 phase inverter in 180 degree mode
48. Tabulate the firing sequence for a 3 phase inverter in 120 degree mode
49. List the difference between Single PWM and Multiple PWM
50. Why we are selecting higher switching frequencies.
51. Mention the LOH for single phase and three phase inverter.
52. Explain why third order harmonics are absent in three phase inverter.
53. What is the difference between a Feed back diode and free wheeling diode?
54. What is load commutation of inverter?
55. What is a dc link inverter?
56. List the methods for harmonics elimination in inverters
57. What is a line-commutated inverter?
58. Mention the advantages of Multilevel Inverter.
59. Why switching frequency should be higher than the resonant frequency in Load
commutated CSI?
60. Mention the applications if CSi
61. Mention the draw backs of capacitor clamped multilevel inverter
62. Mention the draw backs of Diode clamped multilevel inverter
63. Mention the draw backs of cascaded multilevel inverter multilevel inverter
64. Why diodes are reverse connected across the main devices in an inverter?
65. Does a series inverter require a feed back diode? Why?
66. What are the methods to control the voltage of inverter
67. Mention the drawback of PWM techniques.
68. Mention some of the advanced modulation techniques
69. Differentiate Bipolar & Unipolar Switching Scheme
70. Compare SVPWM &Sine PWM techniques.
71. Why we are selecting high switching frequencies
72. Obtain the Fixed Pulse pattern for Three level NPC Inverter.
73. What is the purpose of d-q Transformation?
74. What are the applications of Load Commutated Current Source Inverter?
75. Compare ZVS &ZCS.
76. Why ZVS is preferred instead of ZCS
77. What is the Difference between Optimum &Non Optimum Mode of Class E
resonant Inverter?
78. Draw the Circuit of three level Capacitor Clamped Inverter?
79. Draw the waveform for Voltage control of resonant Inverter.
80. What do you mean by constant flux linkage theorem?
81. What is the purpose of diodes in three phase ASCI?
82. Why diodes are connected in series with devices in CSI?
83. Write Bn value for Bipolar Switching
84. Write Bn value for Unipolar Switching
85. Mention the drawbacks of Series Inverter.
86. Mention the draw backs of Cascaded H Bridge Multi level Inverter
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87. Write the necessary condition for the occurrence of natural commutation in series
inverter.
88. Mention the applications of Multi level Inverters
89. What are advantages of Class E Resonant Inverter
90. What are the effects of eliminating lower order harmonics in the output voltage of
the inverter
91. What are the differences between ac and dc filter.
92. Draw the phasor diagram for Load Commutated Current Source Inverter.
93. Mention the Modifications in Series Inverter
94. Draw the wave form for RLC under damped load with full bridge inverter
95. Draw the wave form for RLC over damped load with full bridge inverter

PART B

1) Explain Modified Mc-Murray Inverter with necessary Wave forms

2) Explain the Various Voltage Control methods of Inverters
3) Explain Full Bridge Inverter with RL Load. Derive the necessary expressions both in
Time & Frequency Domain.Draw the necessary Waveforms also
4) With neat diagram explain how the drawbacks of the series inverter can be
overcome? Derive an expression for the output frequency of the inverter.
5) A three-phase inverter is supplied form a 600 V source. For a star connected load
containing resistance of 15 Ohms in each phase, find the RMS load current, load
power and the thyristor ratings for 1) 120 degree 2)180 degree conduction
6) Explain the operation of a three phase inverter in 120 degree mode of conduction
7) Draw the circuit and hence explain the operation of an auxiliary commutated inverter.
8) Explain the operation of a three phase inverter in 180 degree mode of conduction
9) Describe the operation of a Three phase CSI
10) How do you achieve voltage control within inverter? Why it is required?
11) What are the various ways of obtaining DC link-converters? Explain with figures
12) What is a PWM inverter? What are its advantages and disadvantages?
13) A single phase half bridge inverter has a resistive load of R=3 Ohm and the dc input
voltage Edc=50 V calculate 1) The RMS output voltage at fundamental freq 2) output
power 3) Avg. and Peak current of each thyristor 4) peak reverse blocking voltage of
each thyristor
14) Explain the various methods of PWM techniques.
15) Explain the forced commutated inverter, which consists of Bulky Commutating
Components. Draw the necessary equivalent circuits& Wave forms
16) Obtain the Time weighted Average of Voltage Vectors of a Six step Inverter. Draw
the Pulse pattern for which the harmonic contents are less
17) Mention the Advantages of Multi Level Inverter. Explain Five level Capacitor
Clamped Inverter with Voltage Waveform &it’s corresponding pulse pattern.
Mention the Conducting devices also.
18) In a self-commutated SCR circuit, the load consists of R=15 Ohms, C=8 microfarad&
L=12 mH all connected in series. Check that the circuit will commutate by itself
when triggered from zero charge conditions on the capacitor. Find and derive the
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voltage across capacitor and inductor at the time of commutation. Find also “di/dt” at
t=0.
19) Explain Class –E Resonant Inverter.
i) Explain Three Phase ASCI
ii) Explain three level Cascaded H Bridge Inverter with Two Inverter bridge
circuit.
20) The three-phase inverter bridge in figure below has a 600 V dc rail and a 10 Ω per
phase load.

For 180° and 120° conduction calculate:

I. the rms phase current
II. the power delivered to the load
III. the switch rms current.
[24.5 A, 18 kW, 17.3 A; 28.3 A, 24 kW, 14.15 A]
21) A single-phase square-wave inverter is supplied from a 340V dc source and the load
is a 17 Ω resistor. Determine switch average and rms current ratings. What power is
delivered to the load?
22) A single-phase square-wave inverter is supplied from a 340V dc source and the series
R-L load is a 20 Ω resistor and L=20mH. Determine:
I. an expression for the load current, hence the maximum switch current
II. rms load current
III. Average and rms switch current
IV. maximum switch voltage
V. average source current, hence power delivered to the load
VI. load current total harmonic distortion.
23.The inverter and load in problem 14.1 are controlled so as to eliminate the third and
fifth harmonics in the output voltage. Determine the load current waveform over the first
two cycles and the power delivered to the load based on the current waveform of the last
half cycle.

24 With the aid of following figure determine the line-to-neutral and line-to-line output
voltage of a dc to three-phase inverter employing 120° device conduction.
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Calculate the interphase:

i. mean half-cycle voltage
ii. rms voltage
iii. rms voltage of the fundamental.

25 The three-phase inverter bridge has a 600 V dc rail and a 10 Ω per phase load. For
180° and 120° conduction f=50 Hz calculate:
i. the rms phase current
ii. the power delivered to the load
iii. the switch rms current.
[24.5 A, 18 kW, 17.3 A; 28.3 A, 24 kW, 14.15 A]

26.Do the above problem with R=5 ohms ,L=10mH

26.A single-phase square-wave inverter is supplied from a 340V dc source and the load is
a 17 Ωresistor. Determine switch average and rms current ratings. What power is
delivered to theload?

27.A single-phase square-wave inverter is supplied from a 340V dc source and the series
R-L loadis a 20 Ω resistor and L=20mH. Determine:
i. an expression for the load current, hence the maximum switch current
ii. rms load current
iii. average and rms switch current
iv. maximum switch voltage
v. average source current, hence power delivered to the load
vi. load current total harmonic distortion.

28.A general analysis of the switch-mode inverter (shown in the figure below) is
to be done. The switching frequency fs, which is also the frequency of the
triangular signal is 1450 Hz. The DC voltage, Vd, is 600 V. Output voltage is
sinusoidal voltage with a frequency equal to 50 Hz. The load is connected
between the inverter leg A and the dc voltage midpoint o.
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Figure For Problem 28

(a) Find the frequency modulation ratio, mf. Why is it chosen as an odd
number?
(b) Calculate the output voltage (rms value of 1. harmonic), when the amplitude
modulation ratio, ma, is equal to 0.8?
(c) Prove that is ma Vd / 2 .
(d) When ma varies from 0 to 1, the mo the linear domain. Why?
(e) Compute the rms value of the 5 most dominant harmonics of vAo (at ma=0,8), by.
Also indicate the frequencies at which these harmonics appear.
(f) Which frequencies are desirable for the switching frequency? List
the advantages and disadvantages of low/high switching frequency.

29.The inverter from the previous problem is expanded with another leg. It is PWM
controlled with bipolar voltage switching. It operates at the same ma and mf, and Vd still
equals 600 V. Output voltage is sinusoidal and has a frequency of 50 Hz.

(a) Why is it advantageous to use full bridge instead of half bridge in case of higher
power?
(b) Show that the peak value of the first harmonic component of the output voltage,

, equals ma times Vd for this inverter.

(c) Why is this type of switching called Bipolar?
(d) Compute the rms value of the 5 most dominant harmonics of vAo (at ma=0,8), Also
indicate the frequencies at which these harmonics appear.
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Figure For Problem 29

30.Compare multilevel inverters.

31.Explain three level Capacitor clamped and Diode Clamped inverter
32.Explain cascaded multilevel inverters
33.Explain Single phase ASCI with Inductive load
34. Explain Single phase ASCI with Resistive load
35.Explain ZVS with neat waveforms
36.Expalin ZCS with necessary diagrams and waveforms
37.Explain parallel resonant inverter.
38.Explain SVPWM. Draw the pulse pattern also.
40.Explain SVPWM for three level inverters.
41.Explθ ain six step CSI with RL load.
43.A single phase ASCI has the following data: L=4 micro Henry, I=20A.Time
during which the four diodes conduct=10 microseconds. Find the value of C, total
commutation interval, maximum capacitor voltage and circuit turn off time for each
thyristor. Derive the formulae used.
44.Show that in Sine PWM technique the average output voltage of the inverter over
one carrier time period is proportional to the amplitude modulation index.
45.A single-phase PWM full bridge inverter with source voltage 240 V supplies a
pure resistive load of 10 ohms. The pulse width is so selected that the third harmonic
current is eliminated. Find the output power and average source current and what
should be the pulse width if the fifth harmonic component is to be eliminated
46. Explain five level Capacitor clamped inverter with RL load
47. Explain five level Diode Clamped inverter with RL load.
48.Mention the values of normalized phase voltage, normalized line voltage and
nature of the output waveforms of a three phase two level inverter gated by sine
PWM, SVPWM, Third harmonic PWM and Over modulation techniques.
49.A basic series inverter with bi-directional switches has C=2 Micro Farad, L=20
Micro Henry, R=0and Supply voltage=220V.The switching time of the transistor is
12 microseconds. The output frequency is 20 KHz. Determine the peak supply
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current, average device current, RMS device current, peak to peak capacitor voltage
and average supply current.
50. A basic series inverter with series load delivers a load power of P L=2 kw at
resonance. The load resistance is R=10 ohms. The resonant frequency is 50 Khz.
Determine the dc input voltage, quality factor if it is required to reduce the load
power to 500 W by frequency control so that u=0.8.Also find the values of L and C.
Derive the formula used.
51.Find the average current of each separate dc source if Vdc=5KV and i0=150sin(θ -
600)
52.Find the peak voltage and current ratings of diodes and switching devices in a Five
level diode clamped inverter if Vdc=5KV and i0=50sin(θ -600)
53.For a single phase full bridge inverter with Vs=230V, T=1ms.The load consists of
RLC in series with R=1.2 ohms, Xl=8 ohms, Xc=7ohms.Sketch the waveforms for
load voltage, fundamental component of load current, source current and voltage
across any one device. Find the power delivered to the load. Also state the type of
commutation employed
54.The full bridge resonant inverter is operated at a frequency 3.5 Khz. If
C=6microfarad,L=50 micro Henry , R=2 ohms and Vs=220 Volts. Determine the
peak supply current, average device current and average supply current. Explain the
different modes of operations and derive the formulae used
55.Explain various PWM techniques for voltage control of three phase inverters.