Literature Survey on "SPRING-IN ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PLATES AND STUDY OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS

ON TOOL DESIGN"

Sr.
No.

Title

Objective

Software, 2D or 3D or
Method Used

An intelligent process model: predicting springback in single point incremental

forming -2015

reducing the shape deviations due to springback

3D, CAD

Processing Induced Warpage of Filament Wound Composite Cylindrical Shells2001

to determine the residual stress profile and the resulting curvature CLT, Strain Displacement
change
Model

SEMI-ANALYTICAL SPRING-IN ANALYSIS TO COUNTERACT CFRP

MANUFACTURING DEFORMATIONS BY TOOL COMPENSATION -2012

prediction of manufacturing induced part deformations

EXP, Analytical(Radford eqn),

CLT, 3D CAD tool to FE Tool

Spring-In Simulation in Fiber-Composite Manufacturing

results of spring-in investigations

FE, MSC/NASTRAN

Springback analysis of thermoplastic composite plates- 2012

predicting the springback

CLT, FEM(ABAQUS)

Dynamic Explicit Finite Element Code for U-Bending Simulation and Springback
predicting the occurrence of springback.
Prediction -2014

SMF Simulation, ABAQUS,

PAM-STAMP, LS-DYNA,
EXP

Spring back prediction of thick-walled high - strength titanium tube bending2013

EXP, ABAQUS

springback results are sensitive to the magnitude of damping

factor.

Springback adjustment for multi-point forming of thick plates in shipbuilding

Shape deviations between the design surface and the deformed

plate are minimized to reach the desired shape.

Modelling of the spring-in phenomenon in curved parts made of a thermosetting

composite -2010

The simplified two step model proposed in this study will reduce
the computational time and effort and will enable large, threeEXP, ABAQUS, 3D
dimensional structures to be analysed

10

Incorporating feedforward neural network within finite element analysis for Lbending springback prediction -2014

ANN-based constitutive modelling

approach

Curve regeneration, FE
Analysis, Simulation, 3D

11

Predicting springback in sheet metal forming: an explicit

to implicit sequential solution procedure -1999

numerical technique for predicting springback deformations in

sheet metal forming

ANSYS- LSDYNA, 2D

12

The use of FEA packages in the simulati on of a drawing operation with

springback, in the presence of random uncertainty -2010

estimation of the process variance can be obtained

LS DYNA, PAM-STAMP 2G

13

Numer ical study of springback using the split-ring test for an AA5754 aluminum a numerical study of the springback effect using
alloy -2010
the split-ring test

ABAQUS, DD3IMP

14

Three-dimensional finite element simu lation of medium thick plate metal forming
explicit algorithm and implicit algorithm
and springback -2012

MTLFRM, LS-DYNA3D and

PAM-STAMP

15

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF

SPRING-IN ANGLE IN CORNER SHAPED COMPOSITE PARTS -2014

spring-in problem encountered in U-shaped composite

3D, ABAQUS

16

NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

OF SPRINGBACK -1999

Many interesting aspects of the spring back of three-dimensi onal,

3D, ABAQUS, CLT, Exp
doubly curved, sheet metal

2D, CAD, ANSYS

17

Finite element analysis and optimization on springback reduction -1999

to find the optimum forming parameters for each springback

reduction technique.

18

Die design method for sheet springback -2004

A method for the design of sheet metal forming dies to produce a Double-bend
specified part shape,
technique,ABAQUS, 3D

19

An accelerated springback compensatio n method -2007

different categories of spring back compensat ion methods

including minimizing the elastic recovery of the part and adjust
ing the tooling shape.

springback compensation
method, ABAQUS, 2D

20

Finite-element simulation of springback in sheet metal forming

using local interpolat ion for tool surfaces -2008

New techn iques for the sheet metal forming simulation using a
local inter polation proposed by Nagata for tool surfaces was
developed

STAMP3D,

21

Study on the influence of work-hardening modeling in springback prediction

-2007

several work-hardening models were evaluated

DD3IMP, Coulombs classical

law models, NXT Post
Processor II,

22

Constitutive modeling for anisotropic/asymm etric hardening behavior of

magnesium alloy sheets: Application to sheet springback -2009

The constitutive model developed in the companion paper (Lee et

al., 2007) to consider the asymmetry and anisotropy of magnesium EXP, ABAQUS, 3D
alloy sheet

23

Tooling Design Accommodating Springback Errors -1992

Simulations of sheet metal forming processes

Von Mises, Force Descriptor,

24

Finite element simulation of springback in sheet metal forming -2002

classical benchmark in springback prediction was described

FEA NUMISHEET93, 2D,

ChungHulbert dynamic
implicit, BHF, Exp

3D, ABAQUS,

25

FE analysis of springback and secondary yielding effect during forward extrusion A NCP was used for the analysis of forward extrusion.

non-classical model of
plasticity, Jacobian matrix,
ABAQUS, NCP

26

Numerical simulation of springback using enhanced

assumed strain elements -2004

The quality of the numerical simulation is evaluated

SRI, RI, EAS, Enhanced

assumed strain element

27

Springback prediction with FEM analysis of advanced

high strength steel stamping process -2006

to verify the stamping process

and the shape of the final component for studying springback of
AHSS

LS-Dyna (LSTC) and

Pamstamp (Easy), 3D

28

Prediction of elastic springback deflects in sheet stamping

processes using finite element methods -1997

(FE) formulations based on rigid-plastic and elasto-plastic

material models, quasistatic (implicit) and explicit dynamic
algorithms

NUMISHEET, NUMIFORM
and COMPLAS, QFM, QSM,
STAMPACK, 2D & 3D

29

Constitutive Modelling and Springback Prediction in Creep Age Forming of

AA7055 Doubly Curved Panels -2011

It is found that springback varies with single and double curvature

panel parts, the double curvature panel has lower springback
MSC.MARC, CAF, CRPLAW,
values and more uniform springback distribution than the single ABAQUS, EXP,
curvature panel.

30

Finite Element Simulation of Springback in Sheet

Metal Bending -2009

The simulation results provide valuable information for die

modification.

31

Spring-back simulation of unidirectional carbon/epoxy flat laminate composite

manufactured through autoclave process -2015

simulation predicts adequately the spring-back deformation within

EXP, ABAQUS, 3D,
the range of dimension and thickness of specimen tested during
FORTRAN,
this work

ELASTIC-PLASTIC
DEFORMATION FINITE
ELEMENT METHOD,
ANSYS-APDL, 3D

32

Thermal Aspects for Composite Structures From Manufacturing to In-Service

Predictions -2009

For estimating the influence of different autoclav processes on the

amount of spring-in, investigations with different temperature
ABAQUS, 3D, MSC/Patran,
profiles were conducted

33

Spring-in and warpage of angled composite laminates -2002

that spring-in of angled laminates is sensitive to the measurement

technique as the measured spring-in often is compounded by
DOE,
warpage of flat laminate sections.

34

ASSEMBLY DIMENSIONAL VARIATION MODELING AND

OPTIMIZATION FOR RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING PROCESS -2004

provides a foundation to develop practical and proactive

dimensional control techniques for composite products.

EXP, CLT, VARTM, ANSYS

COMRO, ABAQUS, 3D, STM,

35

Mold Development for Resin Transfer Molding with Dimension Variation and
Deformation Compensation -2010

an approach to minimizing the overall

process-induced deformation of resin transfer molded parts.

Monte Carlo Method, CNC

WEDM Method

36

Springback behaviour in sheet metal forming for autoclave door-2012

Current and future trends on automotive door are briefly discussed

in this project and some recommendations are made in order for ABAQUS/CAE, Von Mises,
future development of this simulation

37

The effects of the planar anisotropy coefficientsand yield function Kirchoff Shell Element,
SPRING BACK SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF STRONG ANISOTROPIC
exponent in the B-L yield function on the springback
Springback treatment Scheme,
SHEET METALS IN U - CHANNEL BENDING PROCESS -2002
characteristics are discussed in detail
Langrange FEM

RackwitzFiessler algorithm,
Constitutive law Monte Carlo,
IIA, PIA,2D, ABAQUS,
FORTRAN, DOE

A reliability study of springback on the sheet metal forming process under

probabilistic variation of prestrain and blank holder force -2013

RackwitzFiessler algorithm is used to find reliability properties

from response surfaces of chosen springback geometrical
parameters.

39

Springback Analysis of Sheet Metals Regarding Material Hardening -2005

This study intended to investigate reasons for insufficient form

and dimensional accuracy between simulations and experiments ARGUS from GOM, 3D, airafter springback and to propose modeling methods to improve the bending process, FEM, 2D
accuracy.

40

Numerical simulation of springback during an operation of V-bending, application the springback appears so prominent in the bending operations;
to titanium and aluminum sheets -2013
this mode of deformation is the focus of this work

41

Exploration of springback prediction system of sheet metal on

refrigerator door and its die design -2013

42

The main components, key theory and technique of this system are illustrated for The main components, key theory and technique of this system are
the purpose of revealing co-relationship of springback and constitutive model and illustrated for the purpose of revealing co-relationship of
different parameters. -2014
springback and constitutive model and different parameters.

38

ABAQUS, Queener Model

plastic mechanic theory, web

The main components, key theory and technique of this system are
technique,
illustrated for the purpose of revealing co-relationship of
CAD/CAE/CAPP techniques,
springback and constitutive model and different parameters.
2D, ABAQUS 3D,

43

Springback Evaluation in Fully 3-D Sheet Metal Forming Processes -1997

to simulate the forming phase while a traditional implicit

procedure has been used to analyse the springback phase.

ANSYS 3D, EXP,

44

Springback of High-Strength Steel after Hot and Warm Sheet Formings -2005

The springback is markedly reduced when the forming

temperature is higher than 750K, which is approximately the
critical temperature for the recrystallization of ferrite grains

hree-dimensional elastic-plastic
FEM,

45

Finite element investigations for the role of transformation plasticity on

springback in hot press forming process -2009

finite element analyses incorporating the phase transformation

plasticity model to investigate the influence of phase
transformation on the springback in a hot press formed sheet.

ABAQUS, Phase
transformation models for
multi-phase steel

Influence of size effect on the springback of sheet metal foils in micro-bending

-2011

A good agreement between the experimental results and the

EXP, Meachanical Properties
analytical calculations shows that the developed FE model can
and constitutive model, FE
predict the springback of sheet metal foils well in micro-bending
Model
process.

A four - node shell element with enhanced bending

performance for springback analysis -2004

Hu Washi zu varia tional

principle, four-node quadri
A new shell element is proposed in this paper to improve accuracy
lateral shell, Kirchhoff plate
and efficiency of springback simulation.
bendin g patch test, DYNA3D,
FEM

Sheet metal forming and springback simulation by means of a new reduced

integration solid-shell finite element technology -2011

Using an implicit time integration scheme numerical results for

classical deep drawing simulations as well as springback
predictions are presented in comparison to experimental
measurements.

46

47

48

Solid Shell Formation,

NUMISHEET93,

49

The effect of non-linear recovery on springback prediction -2011

Numerical simulations show that this model coupled with a nonlinear kinematic hardening model can accurately predict the
springback amount

50

Isolating Components of Processing Induced Warpage in Laminated Composites

-2002

Three contributions to spring-in were considered, namely:

thickness cure shrinkage, mold expansion, and fiber volume
Helpin Tsai FEM, EXP,
fraction gradients. These effects were combined into a predictive
finite element model (FEM).

51

Mathematical Model for Simulating the Springback Effect of Gel Matrixes

During Drying Processes and Its Experimental Validation -2011

used as a reliable tool to predict volume changes and to

understand the dynamic mechanisms

Mathematical RMSD, EXP,

MATLAB

52

Integration of feedforward neural network and finite element

in the draw-bend springback prediction -2014

integrated with the FE software to simulate sheet

metal springback phenomenon accurately.

elastoplasticity theory, ANN,

FE Model, Abaqus-UMAT

53

Predicting springback using 3D surface representation techniques: A case study prediction of springback within the context of sheet metal
in sheet metal forming -2015
forming

3D CAD, LGM 3D, LDM,

54

Requirements for Designing Moulds for

Composite Components -2012

EXP RTM, FW, HexTool,

Abaqus/CAE-6.10-2, CAD, 3D

Parts made with double bended mould, have here a tendency of

less spring-in in the area of two curves.

FEM with 2D solid elements

method, behavior law, EXP,
Von Mises, NUMISHEET93

Kirchoffs Theory, Mindlin plate

bending theory, cylindrical
bending test,

55

Adaptive through-thickness integration for accurate

springback prediction -2008

New algorithms will be developed to locate kinks in a stress

profile, which occur in arbitrary loading conditions

56

Springback behaviour in bending of ultra-high-strength

steel sheets using CNC servo press -2007

CNC servo press, EXP, LSFor the development, the springback behaviour in bending of the Dyna, steel sheets SPFC440,
ultra-highstrength steel sheet was investigated
780Y, 980Y and a mild steel
sheet SPCC

57

Numerical product design: Springback prediction,

compensation and optimization -2008

an optimization scheme which is capable of designing optimal and CAD, Kirchhoff triangular
robust metal forming processes efficiently.
elements, FEA,

58

On the relation of equivalent plastic strain and springback in sheet draw bending higher amount of characteristic strain in the sheet causes less
-2008
springback after unloading

59

Springback in stretch forming process of aeronautic panel production by finite

element simulation -2008

prediction and prevention of the springback effects in the stretch

SAMCEF/MECANO, CAD,
forming process for the production of aeronautical panels

60

STUDY ON SPRINGBACK IN DEEP DRAWN TAILOR WELDED BLANKS

-2009

Different springback values resulted as a direct

consequence of the flow behavior of the differently oriented
component

61

to find out the influence on predicted springback, and to

Different springback values resulted as a direct consequence of the flow behavior
determine which of the two methodologies for hardening
of the differently oriented component -2011
parameter identification is the most suitable one

NUMISHEET'93 2-D,
ABAQUS,

DeepDrawing Simulation, Split

Ring Test

62

Experiences from experimental and numerica l springback

studies of a semi-industria l forming tool -2012

Yoshida-Uemori (Y-U) model,

the quality of the predicted springback behavior for four different
Hardening Law, Exp, LSmaterials, commonly used in the automotive industry, is evaluated.
DYNA,

63

Simulation of springback -2002

The dependence of simulated springback on both numerical

parameters and physical ones has been investigated

2D, 3D, ABAQUS (versions

5.7 and 5.8.14), DYNA3D,

64

Role of plastic anisotropy and its evolution on springback -2002

Reported springback angles and anticlastic curvatures measured

using draw-bend tests

ABAQUS, GengWagoner
hardening model, hardening
rule, EXP, Draw Bend Test

65

Estimation of springback in double-curvature forming of plates:

Experimental evaluation and process modeling -2008

The FEM process model predicts the final shape of the product
and the residual cold work level for a given die, punch and plate
configuration and this information can be used to correct the die EXP formed Plate, 3D FEA,
and punch shapes for springback to manufacture the petals to the
desired accuracy.

66

the good agreement between experiments and simulations

Unconstrained spri ngback behavior of AlMgSi sheets for different sitting times
attesting the effectiveness of the material model utilized to
-2008
describe the time-dependent hardening behavior.

NUMISHEET2002,
CEREBRO, EAS Method

67

Finite element simu lation of springback for a chan nel draw process with
drawbead using different hardening models -2009

the IH mode l generally overestimated

the predicted amo unt of sprin gback due to higher stresses
derived by this model.

68

Design of sheet stamping operations to control springback and

thinning: A multi-obj ective stochastic optimization approach -2010

Control and minimization of springback distortions

RSM, MCS, LS-DYNA, DOE,

69

A model of one-surface cyclic plasticity and its ap plication to

springba ck prediction -2011

Springback predicted by the resulting material model

ABAQUS, NUMISHEET93,

70

Springback of thick sheet AHSS subject to bending under tension -2012

Springback decreased almost linearly as sheet tension increased.

EXP, 3D,

71

Understanding robustness of springback in high stren gth steels -2013

springback response is heavily influenced by two factors; the

process response window, governed by the process conditions,
and the plastic modulus of the materials flow curve

FEM Run, FEM Simulation

72

The method can be used to predict the stretchbending springback

A study on springback of p rofi le plane stretchbending in the loading method of for profile with any cross-section when the relative bending radius Mechanical Model, Exp,
pretension and moment -2013
is not too small. However, if the relative bending radius is too
ABAQUS
small,

Numisheet05, ABAQUS, EXP,

the predicted springback by different models were compared with

experiments for both as-received and pre-strained DP780 steel
FE Model, ANK model
sheets.

73

Evaluating the signifi cance of hardening behavior and unloading

modulus under strain re versal in sheet springback p rediction -2013

74

Two-scale finite element analyses for bendability and springback evaluation based the two-scale finite element analysis code was
on crystallographic homogenization method -2014
applied to predict the bendability and springback property.

Two-scale elastic/plastic fi nite

element procedure, Bendability
and springback analyses,

75

Process metallurgy analyses to design a high-bendability

and high-springback property sheet by using two-scale
fi nite element method -2014

(high-bendability and high-springback property orientation) for

both highbendability and high-springback property sheet
generation

Two-scale elastic/polycrystal
plasticity FE procedure, 3D
models, RVE measured model,
JohnsonMehlAvrami's
equation

76

On twist springback p rediction of asymmetric tube in rotary draw bending with

different constitutive models -2014

ABAQUS, FE Modeling of of
A detailed study of the residual tangent and hoop stress
the rotary draw bending
distribution in the flange seems to explain some mechanics of the process, isotropic-kinematic
twist deformation.
model
with von Mise, EXP

77

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Elastic - Plastic Pure Bending and

Springback of Beams of Asymmetric Cross - Sections -2015

A custom made forming tool was designed and manufactured in- EXP, Elastic-plastic stress
house to experimentally evaluate the proposed solution procedure state,

78

springback prediction models

the key modeling techniques, such as the introduction of clamp
for rotary-draw bending of
Improvement of the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the springba ck pressure and the booster pressure, the reasonable modification of
rectangular tube, EXP,
predict ion model for the rotary-draw bending of rectangular H96 tube -2012
flexible mandrel, etc., are resolved to improve the accuracy and
Bauschinger effect,
efficiency of the springback prediction.
ABAQUS/Explicit,

79

Springback reduction with control of punch speed and blank

holder force via sequential approximate optimization
with radial basis function network

more effective to the springback reduction, in comparison with

the constant BHF

Sequential approximate
optimization, Radial basis
function network, FEA model
and theoretical analysis, LSDYNA, SAO using RBF
network,

FAST SPRINGBACK SIMULATION OF BENDING FORMING BASED ON

ONE-STEP INVERSE ANALYSIS -2008

It is well demonstrated that the proposed method is an effective

way to predict the spring-back by unloading after bending
process.

one-step inverse analysis, FE

Formulation of One-Step
Inverse Analysis with Bending
Effects, LS-DYNA Implicit
Solver,

81

Modelling of springback in creep forming thick aluminum sheets -2004

The amount of springback on forming doubly curved and single

curvature sheet components is predicted and compared for
different forming conditions.

non-linear FE method, 3D,

creep const itutive equations,

82

Simulation of springback: Through-thickness integration -2007

Ther e are many other potenti al sources of error in springbac k

analys is that may increase the obs erved errors .

Bea m bendin g model, 2D,

maxi mum integration error

80

83

developed to consider the unique asymmetric stressstrain

Analytical springback model for lightweight hexagonal close-packed sheet metal
response of magnesium alloy sheets in the prediction of
-2009
springback.

Elasto-plasticity, Moment
Curvature, 2D,

84

Time-dependent springback of advanced high strength steels -2012

The residual stress driven creep simulation showed good

qualitative agreement with experiment but simulated results overABAQUS, Exp, Time
estimated the timedependent springback angle using steady-state
independent,
creep law and under-estimated using time hardening or strain
hardening creep laws.

85

Extension of quasi-plasticelastic approach to incorporate

complex plastic flow behavior application to springback of advanced highstrength steels -2013

Quasi-plasticelastic,
The springback prediction was significantly improved if most of Bauschinger effect, constitutive
the complex material behavior relating to elasticity and plasticity models, QPE and HAH
were taken into account in the finite element simulations.
numerical formulations,
ABAQUS

86

Measurement of the Bauschinger behavior of sheet metals by

three-point bending springback test with pre-strained strips -2014

Bauschinger effect,
the aforementioned hardening behavior determined from the new
Constitutive model, Parameter
approach shows good agreements with those of cyclic simple
identification, Pre-strain effect,
shear tests.
EXP, ABAQUS, UMAT,

Advanced Issues in springback -2012

improved in the springback analysis are: (1) Constitutive model

considering the effect of different strain paths (2) Friction (3)
Temperature (4) New press technology

87

Constitutive behavior, Plastic

constitutive equations, Variable
Youngs modulus, Throughthickness integration of stress,

88

Theoretical and FE Analysis for Inconel 625 Fine Tube

Bending to Predict Springback -2012

prediction and controlling the springback in the bending process

Elastic-plastic FE analysis,
Theoretical analysis

89

Initial Grain Size Effect on Mechanical Properties and

Springback Behavior of Thin Metal Sheets with Varying
Rolling Reduction Ratios -2014

the annealed specimen with different initial grain sizes

underwent roll forming with varying reduction ratios

Mechanical properties, Micro

V-bending test, Finite element
modeling, 3D, Roll forming

90

Anticlastic curvature in draw-bend springback -2005

Draw- bend experi ment, Finite

elem ent modeling, ABAQUS,
investigate the role of forming variables on anticlastic curvature.
Elast ic theor y for plate bendin
g, EXP,

91

Tool shape design in V-bending and

channel forming processes by inverse
analysis of springback -2010

the accuracy of the presented algorithms is investigated.

92

Multiphysics Simulations of Cure Residual Stresses and

Springback in a Thermoset Resin Using a Viscoelastic Model
with Cure-Temperature-Time Superposition -2012

rheology, viscosity and

viscoelasticity, CHEMOthe viscoelastic model not only results in lower estimates of cureTHERMO-RHEOLOGICAL
induced stresses, but also provides subtle details of the springback
MODELS, MATERIAL
behavior.
MODEL, COMSOL
Multiphysics

93

Method of closed loop springback compensation for

incremental sheet forming process -2011

the algorithm can predict an ideal profile of

processing track, and the springback error of incremental sheet
forming is eliminated effectively

inverse modelling, sheet metal

forming, Inverse finite element
modelling,

incremental sheet forming,

closed loop control, Fourier
transform, ABAQUS/Explicit,

94

Eliminating Springback Error in U-Shaped Part Forming

by Variable Blankholder Force -2002

variable blankholder force,

calculated blankholder force trajectory, higher forming quality
sheet metal forming,
was obtained and compared with constant blankholder force
Intermediate Restraining
cases. Springback was kept at a minimum while avoiding cracking
Method, CBHF and VBHF

95

Springback Prediction Model Considering the Variable

Youngs Modulus for the Bending Rectangular 3A21 Tube -2013

constitutive model, ABQAUS,

On the basis of the established model, the stress distribution fi eld
FORTRAN , 3D-FE bending
of thinwalled rectangular 3A21 tube in the whole rotary-draw
model of thin-walled
bending process is obtained and analyzed.
rectangular tube,

96

Improving the Accuracy of Stamping Analyses Including

Springback Deformations -2013

A comparison of FE computed geometries with manufactured

parts proved the improved performance of proposed model over
isotropic plasticity for this particular stamping application.

LS-Dyna, Bauschinger effect,

dual-phase steel, Sheet Metal
Deformation Modeling, FE
forming analysis model of roofstiffener part

97

Springback After the Lateral Bending of T-Section Rails

of Work-Hardening Materials -2013

The material hardening has a great effect on the accuracy of

springback prediction. The analytical curves and springback
prediction are not
sensitive.

Linear Work-Hardening,
Bauschinger Effects, EXP

98

The evaluation of springback in 3D stamping and

coining processes -1998

The effects of the coining load and punch nose radius on

springback were investigated.

2-D, FEM,

ANOVA, The model, composed

of the five
factors; i.e. CDP, PP, BES,
NCE and PV,

99

An assessment of numerical parameters influencing springback in explicit finite

element analysis of sheet metal forming process -1998

the numerical factors influencing springback have been assessed

comprehensively and quantitatively using the Taguchi table

100

Prediction and elimination of springback in straight flanging

using computer-aided design methods Part 2: FEM predictions and tool design
-2002

flanging with coining to reduce springback has been investigated Sheet metal flanging; Coining;
and evaluated by FEM for better dimensional control in flanging Hemming, DEFORMTM (2and hemming processes.
D ), ABAQUS,

101

Effect of the material-hardening mode on the springback

simulation accuracy of V-free bending -2002

Hardening model, FEM for the

the material-hardening mode directly affects the springback
springback simulation of 2D
simulation accuracy, and the greater the veracity of the hardening
elasto-plastic finite element
mode, the greater the springback accuracy
program

102

Sensitive factors in springback simulation for sheet metal forming -2004

a reasonable value for the explicit

method in springback simulation can be obtained

103

Anisotropy and springback in draw-bending of stainless steel 410: experimental

and numerical study -2005

Sheet anisotropy; Drawexperimental and computational study of springback during draw

bending experiments; Finite
bending of stainless steel
element modeling, ABAQUS.

Determination and influence of

the nodal damping value,
integration points, punch
velocity

GA-ANN algorithm and sheet

metal forming, fuzzy
optimization, multi-curvature
part, genetic algorithm, EXP

Springback Compensation for Multi-curvature Part Based on multi-objective

optimization of Fuzzy Genetic Algorithmn -2009

Springback calculation results with some precision can be

achieved. It can be taken as a reference for sheet metal forming
tool design and controlling of springback.

105

U-shaped Part Springback Forecasting Based on the

Finite Element Method and the Neural Network

U-shaped part springback forecasting method basing on the neural

FORECASTING BASED ON
network would be a new way of plate stamping process and mould
THE FEM, FORECASTING
design, and it was also having great importance to shorten mould
BASED ON THE
design cycle, optimize the molding process, reduce the cost and
NEURAL NETWORK
improve the quality of stamping.

106

Study on the Springback in Metal Stamping for a

Male Hinge of an Automotive Part -2010

Strain hardening, Young

to evaluate the effect of springback on the male hinge automotive
Modulus, tools geometry,
part by carrying out initial experimental work and to identify some
punchdie radius, punch-die
main process parameters.
clearance, etc, DYNAFORM

107

Experimental and Simulated Springback after

Stamping of Copper-based Spring Materials -2013

experimental and simulated springback after stamping will be

presented. The simulation results using Yoshida-Uemori model
were good agreements with the experimental. The use of this
model for the FE simulation would be recommended for the more
accurate prediction of springback.

terminal, stress-strain response,

Bauschinger effect, YoshidaUemori model, FE Simulation,
EXP,

108

The Parallelization of Implicit Code for Springback Analysis -1997

By parallelizing of a static implicit program, the

parallelizing techniques for efficient memory usage skylined
matrix factorization are shown.

Paralellization Scheme, Skyline

Solver, LS-Dyna3D, LSNike3D,

104

109

Research on Springback Characteristic and Prediction

Accuracy Control of Advanced High Strength Steel -2010

Effects of material hardening model, element size, the number of

Sprigback simuation
integration points in the direction of plate thickness and virtual
errorfunction (SSEF), ETApunch velocity on springback prediction accuracy in fiite element
DYNFORM5.6, EXP
numerical simulation are discussed.

110

Research on Springback of Tailor Welded Blanks

with Different Thickness and Surface Compensation
Based on Numerical Simulation -2013

Aimed at the parent metals differences of thickness and material tailor welded blanks,
property on two sides of welding line
DYNAFORM, EXP

Simulation of Springback with the Draw/Bend Test -1999

Simulations and experiments of draw-bending of 6022-T4

aluminum over a typical range of process variables were carried
out.

3-D FEM modeling, ABAQUS,

SHEET-S, 3-D
SIMULATIONS,
BAUSCHINGER EFFECT,

scientific method of experimental arrangement could be used to

predict target bending angle in engineering practice to guide the
actual production

DOE, FINITE ELEMENT

MODELING, Abaqus,
response surface prediction
model; neighborhood
cultivation genetic algorithm;
back propagation neural
network, DYNAFORM

111

112

Springback Analysis of Free Bending Based on

Uniform Design -2010

113

Prediction and Optimization on Springback and

Process Parameters of S-Rail Forming -2010

On the basis of orthogonal experiments of S-Rail springback on

DYNAFORM, it is found that both the efficient and accuracy of
RSPM are better than a BPNN

114

A Springback Reduction Method for Sheet Metal

Bending -2011

predicted the springback of the stiffener parts of auto, its found springback compensition,
that springback mainly concentrated at the bending position, The bending, stamping, material
more drawing depth, the more resilience value;
processing,

115

Numerical Simulation of Springback base on

Formability Index for Auto Panel Surface -2011

Simulate a forming process of a U-beam by applying the

developed CAE module which shows the method we proposed is
Automobile Panel; Springback
accurate, and then we introduced some method to optimize the
Defect; Formability Index
adjustment amount of metal flow and the stamping dies for
springback

116

NANOSILICA-MODIFIED EPOXY MATRIX RESIN FOR

PREPREG COMPOSITE TOOLING APPLICATIONS -2012

Composites made using the highly filled resin exhibited several

improved mechanical properties, including hardness. The
reduction in through-thickness CTE was shown to result in
reduced thermal distortion of a curved part.

Resin Sample Preparation,

Carbon Fiber Composite Test
Methods, Neat Resin
Properties,

117

MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-PHYSICS COUPLED MODELING OF THE

EVOLUTION OF INTERNAL STRESSES AND PART SHAPE OF CARBONEPOXY COMPOSITES -2012

The predicted final shape is in good agreement with the

experimental observations. Thermal and mechanical boundary
conditions influence significantly the internal stresses and hence
the warpage of the laminate

cure kinetics, internal stresses,

multi-scale, coupled modeling,
Coupled modeling of cure
kinetics and heat transfer

QCL for springback analysis,

FORMABILITY ANALYSIS,

AN EXAMPLE OF MOLD COMPENSATION BY MEANS OF NUMERICAL

SIMULATION ON A GENERIC CURVED CFRP C-SPAR -2012

A systematic approach that would be valid on any kind of

geometry without additional development was tested but resulted mold compensation, curing,
in a less efficient optimization. Further investigation has to be
CAD model
made in that direction.

119

3D PROCESS MODELLING FOR DISTORTIONS IN

MANUFACTURING OF POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS -2012

Results show that a simple two dimensional analysis is not

sufficient to capture the complex distortion patterns. Spring-in
2D and 3D models , EXP,
values are not constant along the length of the parts. A 3D model
ABAQUS,
is proposed to capture the real distortion patterns of complex
shapes.

120

MULTI-SCALE U-O FORMING SIMULATIONS OF A FERRITE/PEARLITE

PIPELINE TUBE WITH EFFECTIVE ANISOTROPIC FLOW CURVES -2013

Compared to the reference model, the refined one predicts in the

critical area a reduced gradient of equivalent strain in the plate
thickness direction.

A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR PREDICTIONS OF SHAPE

DISTORTIONS

prediction of a correct shape of a composite part could be

extremely important when considering assembly tolerances, i.e.
Cure simulation, ABAQUS,
when several parts should be assembled with their own tolerances
involved

122

Tooling Design and Microwave Curing Technologies for

the Manufacturing of Fiber-reinforced Polymer
Composites in Aerospace Applications -2014

the technologies for the composite part deformation prediction

and the temperature control of microwave curing, need to be
further developed before the proposed technologies can be used in
industry.

polymer composites
manufacturing, anisotropic
composite tooling design,
vacuum-pressure microwave
curing, aerospace composite
materials,

123

Study on the thermal spring-in behavior of composite beams -

MATLAB is used to integrate all procedures and develop a

graphical user interface system to provide the forecast more
efficiency.

ANSYS, compensatory angle

118

121

multi-scale analysis, U-O

forming, MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES, FINITE
ELEMENT MODELS

An optimization pro ces s for the determination of optimal

actuator configurations for the shape
error minimization is developed.

124

Shap e Memory Polymers in Fib er Comp osite Structures

for Shap e Adju stment -2011

125

to understand the effect of warping caused to

A STUDY OF WARPING OF CURED COMPOSITE PLATE AND UCHANNEL
composite parts. The prediction model considered only of
MADE WITH CARBON/EPOXY UNI-DIRECTIONAL PREPREG -2012
thermoelastic and coupling effect on springing.

126

Bending and Twisting Spring back Prediction in the Punching of the Corefora
Lattice Truss Sandwich Structure -2013

127

examination and comprehension of final geometrical quality of

Optimisation of Springback Predicted by Experimental and Numerical Approach parts after wiping die bending operation are conducted by part
by Using Response Surface Methodology -2005
design with oblong hole for a better investigation of study of
safety parts

128

Temperature influences on springback of AZ31 sheet -2010

the harmonization and uniformity of the grain boundary decrease, Experiment Material and
which causes the plasticity reduced
Methods

Research on Springback Compensation in Age Forming Technology of Integral

Panel -2011

The geometric compensation algorithm method for springback is

verified by the experiment. The dimension of the panel parts in
Fitting Formula, Discrete
the new aircraft is about 750mm*710mm with four vertical ribs Surfaces, Arc Approaching,
and two horizontal ribs inside, whose height is both 20mm. The EXP,
results show that the method is feasible and effective.

129

the FEM was used to study the springback induced by punching

to the core of lattice truss sandwich structure. The effects of
friction coefficient, die radius and plate thickness on springback
have been discussed.

Finite Element Mo deling of

Shape Adjustment,

LAMINATE
ANALYSIS PROGRAM
(LAP), classical laminate
theory (CLT),

ABAQUS, FE Model,

FE of MARC package and

experimental, numerical
models by FEM were
developed by using ABAQUS
and DEFORM,

130

Research on the die fittingness and springback of large diameter

thin-walled CT20 titanium alloy tube NC bending -2012

With the increase of the push assistant level, the springback radius FE model, ABAQUS, Index
increases first and then decreases.
and measure method.,

131

Springback Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel(AHSS) CP800 -2013

Mechanical Properties, Blank

AHSS CP800 shows a better strength ductility balance compared
Holding Force(BHF), Materials
with the reference HSLA steels
and Experimental

Java application for springback analysis of composite plates -2014

A comparison of the results (obtained using the straight fibers

model and the undulated fibers model). There was good
agreement between the predicted values and the measured values: Computation model,
all results obtained using our software fit into the area bounded by
the standard deviation values.

Design Optimization of Springback in a Deepdrawing Process -2002

The accuracy of the sensitivity result is compared with the fi nite

difference result with excellent agreement. The optimum
Deepdrawing Analysis, Design
deepdrawing process signicantly improves the quality of the
Optimization, MSC/PATRAN,
nal product.

134

High-Precision Offset Stiffened Springback Composite Reflectors -2011

advantages include relatively lower manufacturing costs, a lower

surface error, and a simpler folding. On the other hand, the main
advantages of AstroMesh are its lower mass and its small
packaged volume.

135

SPRINGBACK COMPENSATION IN SHEET METAL FORMING USING A

SUCCESSIVE RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD -2002

It is found that springback trends are

LS-DYNA, Approach,
consistent with changes in the die shape, thereby suggesting other
Mythodology
effective strategies for springback compensation

132

133

Modal Analyses, Dynamic

Transient Analyses, Static
Buckling Analyses, Packaging
Analyses

Shape memory polymer actuator patches for shape

adjustment of fiber comp osite parts -2011

high precision comp osite parts show distortions after

manufacturing, which might be disadvantageous for their
performance. A post manufacturing shape adjustment process
using shape memory polymers was intro duced.

137

Simulation and Springback Prediction of integral panel with high ribs in Age
Forming -2012

it can be gotten that through designing the finite element

simulation to achieve the panel after springback which is of high
accuracy and the error ranges between +1mm to -1mm. the
Creep constitutive equation,
simulation result preferably reflects the true result of realistic age ABAQUS,
forming experiment, which proves this methods accuracy and
validity.

138

Evaluation of the relationship between the effective strain and the springback
behavior during the deformation of metallic glass ribbons -2014

The combined experimental and modeling results reveal broad

and general criteria that should allow for deformability of a wideFEM modeling,
variety of glass-forming alloys by adjusting the effective strain
during deformation

139

The influence of the rolling direction of the joined steel

sheets on the springback intensity in the case of -shape
parts made from tailor welded strips -2006

ABAQUS, EXP, investigation

Springback intensity is influenced by the distribution of different concerning
stresses in different areas of the part.
the influence of the material
rolling direction

Influence of material properties on the interaction between residual stress and

springback in the case of in plane sheets forming -2011

an analysis of the influence of materials on the interaction

between the state of stresses generated by tensile loading and
springback in the case of in plane forming by applying the
principles of the three bars method.

136

140

Shape measurement, Modeling

and shape error minimization,
3D, Actuation properties, FE
Model

three bars method, Exp

extensometer and image
analysis techniques, hole
drilling method, Mathematical
modelling

141

Springback prediction in T-section beam bending process

using neural networks and finite element method -2013

three point bending method is used for the T-secti on beam

bending process. The prediction model of springback is developed
using artificial neural network approach

142

REDUCTION OF SPRINGBACK OF HIGH-STRENGTH CAR BODY

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS -2013

an innovative method of reducing springback is to be developed

143

It is possible to have stamped FML forms exhibiting considerably

less springback than monolithic aluminium materials. This result
EFFECT OF PROCESS TEMPERATURE AND BLANKHOLDER FORCE ON
can be of immense benefit in the manufacturing of automotive
THE FORMING OF FIBRE METAL LAMINATE SYSTEMS
body panels because significant time is spent in die try-out stage
on springback compensation for metallic alloys.

144

Tempered Spring-in Compensation for Small Carbon Fibre Reinforced

Thermoplastic Composites

considered inter alia the thermal spring-in, spring-back

compensation and developed a readjust angle process with a new
tempered thermoforming tooling for composites with high
performance polymers.

145

Shrinkage and Springback Behavior of Methylsilsesquioxanes

Prepared by an Acid/Base Two-Step Processing Procedure -2005

showed springback without solvent exchange or surface

modification, due to the intrinsic hydrophobicity and low
concentration of reactive groups in such materials.

146

Sheet springback prediction based on non-linear combined

hardening rule and Barlat89s yielding function -2006

Based on non-linear kinematic hardening theory of Lemaitre and

Chaboche and Barlat89s yielding function, a stressstrain
constitutive equation of non-linear combined hardening rule has
been proposed

147

148

149

150

An analytical model for predicting springback and

side wall curl of sheet after U-bending -2007

The analytical results indicate that only when the shift distance of
neutral surface exceeds one-fourth of sheet thickness, the
increases of blank holding force and friction between the die and
sheet can effectively reduce the springback.

Research on the spring back of thin - walled tube NC bending based on the
numerical simulation of the whole process -2008

Based on the numerical simulation of the whole process of thinwalled tube NC bending, the stress state of the tube during the
whole process is analyzed, then the effect of retracting mandrel on
the springback angles and the springback rule of thin-walled tube
NC bending are revealed.

A manifold learning-based reduced order model

for springback shape characterization and optimization in sheet metal forming

an objective approach to characterize the complex non-geometric

3D shapes obtained after springback in a deep drawing process,
using the level set approach and a shape space meta-model based
on
the fundamental hypothesis of the continuous shapemanifold.

An efficient DKT rotation free shell element

for springback simulation in sheet metal forming -2002

a new transformation matrix to express the mid-side rotations in

terms of the 18 displacement components of the six corner nodes.
This proves to be more accurate and efficient than existing
rotation free shell elements for the nonlinear analysis with coarse
meshes and high curvatures. The springback simulation is carried
out in a simple manner without
considering the plasticity neither the history of the tool
actions.

Effect of the elasticity formulation in finite strain on springback prediction -2010

The effect of the elastoplastic formulation on forming process and

in springback at finite strain has been discussed in this work.

152

Springback in acetylated wood based composites -2009

Results of the current research showed that the strength loss in the
acetylated composites is highly correlated with the springback.
And the springback itself is also significantly depended to the
extent of the acetylation and causes loss of the strengths followed
by the WPG increase

153

In simulated 2-D examples non-linear elasto-plastic stress

Adaptive multiples calemeshless simulation on spring back analysis in sheet metal concentration problems, the adaptive meshless solution is closest
forming -2011
to experimental results and more effective than meshless and FE
solutions in springback analysis

154

Comparative investigation into the dynamic explicit and

the static implicit method for springback of sheet metal stamping -1999

he static implicit method is advantageous over the dynamic

explicit method in terms of accuracy, while the latter is known to
be more efficient than the former in terms of computation
efficiency.

155

Computer-aided engineering for sheet metal forming: definition

of a springback quality function -2013

an approximated formulation to compute the

springback field after stamping through the finite element analysis
of the process. This can be found assuming that the residual field
of nodal forces after stamping produces a springback shape
referable to a linear combination of n modes of vibration of the
nominal shape of the component

156

Mechanisms and sources of spring-in and spring-back of fiber reinforced

thermoplastics -2014

that test specimens with spring-back angles also show interplyslip. For this, the theoretical relations that spring-back is caused
by the suppression of interply-slip due to high cooling rates does
not apply

151

157

Design sensitivity analysis and optimization for minimizing

springback of sheet-formed part -2007

A continuum-based design sensitivity analysis (DSA) and

optimization method for the stamping process has been
developed. A penalty-regularized contact variational equation is
differentiated with respect to the shape design parameter.

158

On the modelling of non-linear kinematic hardening at finite strains with

application to springbackComparison of time
integration algorithms -2007

a new constitutive model for arbitrarily large elastic and plastic

deformations. The model incorporates non-linear Armstrong
Frederick kinematic hardening and non-linear isotropic hardening.
The constitutive equations of the model are derived in a
thermomechanically consistent format.

159

COMPENSATION FACTOR METHOD FOR MODELING SPRINGBACK OF

AUTO PARTS CONSTRUCTED WITH HIGH-STRENGTH STEEL -2010

Using the present compensation method, the

influence of springback on the drawing process can be effectively
avoided. Moreover, optimized parameters determined from
simulation of the HSS material were obtained and experimentally
validated.

160

Springback of circular clamped armor steel plates subjected

to spherical air-blast loading -2009

maximal dynamic springback corresponds to a gradual shift

between a dominant elastic and plastic structural response.

161

Time-dependent Springback -2008

The residual stress driven creep simulation showed good

qualitative agreement with experiment but simulated results
overestimated the time-dependent springback angle

162

Influence of draw restraining force on the springback in advanced high strength

steels -2008

Three grades of dual-phase steel specimens were subjected to

different back forces to determine their springback behavior using
two different roller radii

163

Theoretical verification of the displacement adjustment

and springforward algorithms for springback compensation -2008

the compensation depends on geometry, material and process

parameters

164

A mixed harden ing rule coupled with Hill48 yielding

functi on to predict the springback of sheet U-bending -2008

165

analysis based on the elastic-plastic material model and curvature

Formulatio n of springb ack and machine setting param eters
distribution between the bottom roller
for multi -pass three-roller cone frustum bending with change of flexural modulus
supports is expected to result into more accurate model for
-2009
prediction of internal bending moment and so springback.

166

A PARETO OPTIMAL DESIGN APPROACH FOR SIMULTANEOUS

CONTROL OF THINNING AND SPRINGBACK IN STAMPING
PROCESSES -2009

it is possible to consider the obtained curve as a

design tool in order to define design variables with a strong
awareness of the final results in terms of goals which can be
reached

167

DIE SURFACE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION ACCOMMODATING

SPRINGBACK ASSISTED BY AN AUTOMATIC SURFACE GENERATOR
-2009

Modifying the tool surfaces based on a virtual springforward

calculation minimizes the part distortion due to the elastic
recovery after removing forming tools off the part

MATERIAL MODELLING FOR ACCURATE SPRINGBACK PREDICTION

-2009

For accurate prediction of springback it is necessary to use a

hardening model that can properly describe the Bauschinger
effect, the transient behaviour and the permanent softening effect,
such as the Geng-Wagoner hardening law or the Yoshida-Uemori
hardening law. Furthermore, it is of great importance to include
the effect of elastic degradation with plastic strain.

MODELLING OF SPRINGBACK IN SHEET METAL FORMING -2009

constitutive model, which considers simultaneously sheet

anisotropy, strain path dependent
stiffness degradation and damage evolution in the material during
plastic deformation.

168

169

consideration of the Bauschinger effect is essential to predict the

springback on highly anisotropic aluminum alloys.

170

The difference in the springback angles between RD and TDDifference in Tensile and Compressive Flow Stresses in Austenitic Stainless Steel
bending of the SUS304 used in this study is mainly caused by the
Alloys and Its Effect on Springback Behavior -2009
tension-compression asymmetry of the material

171

new forming devices for incremental tube forming and air

bending of sheet metals were developed and used in experimental
NEW INCREMENTAL METHODS FOR SPRINGBACK COMPENSATION BY
investigations. The results show the effectiveness of a
STRESS SUPERPOSITION -2009
superposition of stresses for the reduction of the springback
effect.

172

MODELLING AND VALIDATION OF SPRINGBACK IN ALUMINIUM UPROFILES -2010

The results indicate that springback can be predicted for simple

U-Profiles in various aluminium alloys with a good degree of
accuracy. There is a high dependency on a good representation of
the tool geometry, the materialsproperties, and also the boundary
conditions.

173

SPRINGBACK ANALYSIS OF THIN BENT SHEETS ON ELASTOMERIC

DIE -2010

The proposed model has shown to be a useful tool for springback

prediction of the bent sheets by this non conventional bending
process. In addition, the latter shows one of its advantages: low
springback.

Reduction of springba ck using simultaneo us

stretch- bending processes -2012

The investigated SB process could be successfully applied to form

large industrial components, such as aircraft skins. By using the
SB process, the springback can be reduced significantly, and there
exists a great possibility to adopt this process to other
manufacturing techniques as well

174

Reduction of springba ck by intelligent sampling-ba sed

LSSVR metamodel-ba sed optimization -2013

a metamodel-based optimization method is

proposed. An intelligent sampling strategy, BBNS, is used for
generating sample points in optimization procedure. The
advantage of the BBNS is that the new samples concentrate near
the current local minima and yet still statistically cover the entire
design space.

Numerical assessment of springback for the deep drawing

process by level set interpolation using shape manifolds -2013

the Diffuse Approximation and the method of Proper Orthogonal

Decomposition to interpolate between level set functions over the
manifold of admissible shapes. We then applied the approach to
the problem of springback assessment for the deep drawing
process.

177

On springback of double-curved autobody panels -2001

it is improper (as commonly done) to evaluate the springback of

different sheet materials by comparing the deviations obtained on
panels pressed (in different sheet materials) to the same strain
level at the centre.

178

An energy approach for predicting springback of metal sheets after doublecurvature forming, Part I: axisymmetric stamping -2001

It is shown that the procedure developed is capable of

quantitatively predicting the strain distribution and springbackof
metal sheets after axisymmetric stamping with a relatively minor
effort of calculation and a good accuracy

179

An energy approach for predicting springback of metal sheets after doublecurvature forming Part II: Unequal double-curvature forming -2001

The mechanics model proposed and the corresponding analytical

procedure are capable of efficiently predicting springback of
metal sheets after either an axisymmetric stamping or an unequal
double-curvature forming operation.

175

176

180

Springback analysis of thin rectangular bars of non-linear

work-hardening materials under torsional loading -2002

the experimental points are closer to the curve which is

theoretically drawn for non-linear relationship than the curve for
the linear relationship. So it can be inferred that the non-linear
theory gives more accurate results than those obtained by
assuming linear relationship.

181

Springback prediction for sheet metal forming process

using a 3D hybrid membrane/shell method -2002

A 3D hybrid membrane/shell method was developed in order to

perform springback analysis
from the membrane mid-plane solution and also to reduce
computational cost for sheet forming simulations

182

A Closed form technique to predict springback in creep age - forming -2006

Efficient numeri cal techni ques and pro cedures have been
developed and program med to predict springb ack in CAF of
alumin ium plate compo nents with the use of physically based
creep- ageing con stitutive equations.

183

Influence of consti tutive model in springback prediction using

the split-ring test -2009

show that the constitutive model has a minor influence on

drawing operations. On the other hand, the springback can hardly
be accurately estimated

184

results for four different materials will be accounted for. The

On the modell ing of the bendingunben ding behaviour for accurate springba ck
kinematic hardening parameters have been determined by inverse
predictions -2009
modeling of a three-point bending test.

185

On constitutive modelin g for springba ck analysis -2010

the importance of the choice of kinematic hardening law and the

importance of taking the unloading modulus in account, in order
to get accurate springback predictions

186

187

188

Characteris ing material and process variation effects on springback robustness

for a semi-cylindrical sheet metal form ing process -2010

incrementally introduced material and process-based noise

sources in a controlled manner, the development of a new
methodology to construct the processs robustness response
window has been developed. By analysing changes in the
effective stress and effective strain for a critical region of the
stamped component, a stressstrain response window has been
developed and characterised for each of the noise sources
introduced.

A die design method for sprin gback compensation based on

displacement adjustment -2011

a new method which considered the compensation direction has

been developed. The CC method takes full advantage of
information available to get the right compensation direction and
an angle factor l is also employed to adjust the compensation
direction. It has improved precision compared with the other
existing three methods. We may conclude that for more complex
products, less cycles of iteration would be needed for the desired
shape product.

Analytical model for predict ion of springback parameters in the case of U

stretchben ding process as a function of stresses distribu tion in the sheet
thickness -2012

A model for prediction of springback parameters in the case of U

stretchbending process as a function of stresses distribution in
the sheet thickness was established and analyzed in the paper. The
results obtained from the performed analysis show that the normal
anisotropy influences the level of stresses on the inner and outer
faces and finally the
springback intensity

A hybrid membrane/shell method for calculating

springback of anisotropic sheet metals
undergoing axisymmetric loading -2000

To reduce the computation cost of nite element analyses aiding

die design for sheet metal stamping, a hybrid membrane/shell
method was developed to determine the springback of anisotropic
sheet metal undergoing axisymmetric loading.

190

Inelastic effects on springback in metals -2002

A model based on physical mechanisms for strain recovery and

compliance is proposed to describe both the tension-unloading
and compression segments of deformation. Improved predictions
of springback and resumption of reverse flow are possible using
this model.

191

Creep and an elasticity in the springback of aluminum -2004

Anelasti city does not likel y make a significan t co ntribution to

the long-term timedepend ent spring back kinetic s, but it may
contrib ute to short-term response.

192

Springback Nonlinearity of High-strength Titanium Alloy

Tube upon Mandrel Bending -2013

The variations of the tube properties affect both the springback

phenomena more significantly than the changing of the processing
parameters; Both the Youngs modulus and the strength
coefficient have larger effects on the springback;

189

A new method to evaluate the amount of springback in sheet

forming processes based on the explicit finite element method and
the orthogonal regression analysis is presented in this paper To
calculate springback accurately a simple but effective contact
searching algorithm is described and Lagrangian multiplier
method was used to evaluate the contact force

193

Springback analysis for sheet forming processes by explicit

_nite element method in conjunction with the orthogonal
regression analysis -1999

194

the homogeneous yield function-based anisotropic

An application of homogeneous anisotropic hardening to springback prediction in
hardening (HAH) model was used for springback predictions in
pre-strained U-draw/bending -2012
Udraw/bending of as-received and pre-strained DP780 sheets

195

Modeling of springback on air bending process of interstitial free

steel sheet using multiple regression analysis -2009

Mathematical model for springback has been developed to

correlate the aforesaid process parameters in air bending of IF
steel sheets. Based on the experiments, a regression study was
conducted and the following conclusions were drawn.

196

Improvement of springback prediction of wide sheet metal air bending process

-2008

the predicted results by equation were applied to conduct the

springback prediction and compensation in industries and give
closer correlation to the experimental data than those calculated
by engineering theory of plastic bending.

An Optical Technique for Springback Measurement in Axisymmetrical Deep

Drawing Operations -2001

an automatic measurement technique based on the shadow moir

principle. The technique has been applied to the acquisition of the
external profile of axisymmetric deep drawn parts with the aim to
highlight and quantify the elastic springback phenomenon that
occurs as the dies are opened because of the internal stress state of
the component

197

198

A Modified Mroz Model for Springback Prediction 2007

A new anisotropic material hardening model is introduced in this

study for springback simulation. It is modified from the Mroz
multi-yield surface hardening model and incorporated more
realistic Bauschinger effect for cyclic loading and anisotropic
yield surfaces for sheet metals.

199

Elasto-Plastic Springback of Beams Subjected

to Repeated Bending/Unbending Histories -2011

developed and experimentally verified

such an analytical model to predict springback after repeated
bending/unbending process. The procedure for determining the
final radius of curvature of the beam is described

200

Influence of Additional Tensile Force on Springback

of Tube Under Rotary Draw Bending -2012

the additional tensile force causes the movement of the NL toward

the bending center and makes the deformation behavior under
rotary draw bending or numerically controlled (NC) bending
different with that under pure bending, and also it could enlarge
the springback angle if taking the movement of the NL into
consideration.

201

Theoretical prediction of the springback of metal sheets after a

double-curvature forming operation -1999

The mechanics model proposed is capable of efficiently predicting

the springback of circular and square plates after axisymmetric
stamping. Excellent agreement is found between the theoretical
prediction of springback and the experiment results

Springback characteristics of the tailor-welded strips in U-bending -2002

the results of simulation using an FEM code, the

springback of the longitudinally welded strips was similar to that
of the same thickness non-welded strips as the thinner side. And,
the springback of each side of the centrally welded strips was
almost same as that of the same thickness non-welded strips.

202

203

Springback of sheet metal laminates in draw-bending -2003

The springback of sheet metal laminates was investigated by

performing draw-bending experiments, as well as numerical
simulations, for sheet metal laminates consisting of aluminum
(JIS A1100) and ferritic stainless steel (JIS SUS430)

204

An experimental study on the examination of springback of sheet metals with

several thicknesses and properties in bending dies -204

It is seen that the first and the second methods are the available
methods for springback compensation, but the third and the fourth
ones are not. For each material and thickness, the equations and
graphics were obtained.

205

Optimization of blank dimensions to reduce

springback in the flexforming process -2004

Sensitivity analysis on the influence of interface friction and blank

dimensions on springback were carried out. Based on the results
of the sensitivity analysis, an optimization problem was
formulated to find the optimum blank dimensions that minimize
the springback.

206

Improved prediction of springback on final

formed components -2004

From the results obtained it has been possible to narrow down the
areas that require further research to enable better prediction of
springback. Gauge effect appears to be the point at which an
analytical model begins to fail, or at least the major factor.

Investigation of springback in high strength anisotropic steels -2005

It is a common practice to calculate the Barlats constants using

experimental R-values. However, this work indicates that for
FEM simulation of SB using three-parameters Barlat yielding
criterion it may be more appropriate to compute the R-values
using the Sy fitting approach

207

208

Numerical Simularion Research on the springback in drawing forming of the

complex auto body panels based on LS-DYNA -2013

A nes simulation method has been used to simulate the sringback

of the auto-body Panels of the benchmarkers of Numisheet'05 in
this aper because the forming of the panels which are composed
of complex sace curves produces the hetrogeneous stress
distribution

209

the Error Analysis System of Springback based on

Dynaform -2010

The developed system is conducive to subsequent disposal for

springback error compensation and die modification.

210

Effect of Hardening Rule on Springback Prediction

for an Open-Channel Shaped Part of DP600 Steel -2010

the prediction based on Chaboche nonlinear isotropic/kinematic

hardening rule is consistent with the experimental data, while
isotropic hardening rule makes imprecise prediction

211

U-bending Springback Prediction of Highly

Anisotropic Aluminum Alloy Sheet by an Efficient
Non-linear Combined Hardening Rule -2010

A nonlinear kinematic hardening model has been used to model

the Bauschinger effect in a highly anisotropic aluminum alloy.
This hardening model is based on Lemaitre and Chaboche
nonlinear kinematic hardening theory to consider cyclic behavior
and the Bauschinger effect.

nvestigation ofResidual Stress Effects and Modeling

ofSpring Constant for RF MEMS Switches -2009

A new mathematical model is also presented for the calculation of

the spring constant for the beams. The method is based on the
Euler-Bernoulli beam equations. In this a unit point load is
applied to deflect the beam and spring constant is calculated over
the maximum deflected distance ofthe beam.

212

Optimal Process Design for Minimum Springback Based

on RBF Network and Evolutionary Strategy -2006

a method for solving optimization problem based on RBFN and

ES is presented, and is applied to
optimize the sheet metal forming process. Based on finiteelement
numerical analysis, the optimization of sheet metal forming
process was accomplished by using the RBFN approximate ability
and the global optimization ability of evolutionary strategy for
minimum springback.

Process Optimal Control of Sheet Metal Forming

Springback Based on Evolutionary Strategy -2008

a springback control method is presented for solving sheet metal

forming process optimization problem based on improved
evolutionary strategy. The present work establishes the springback
prediction model of multi-curvature sheet metal forming,
corresponding to the relationship between the design variables
and objective function.

215

Analytical and Experimental Study on the Evolution of

Residual Stresses in Composite Materials -2005

It was concluded that matrix cracks may develop, particularly at

high fibre volume fractions. For future developments, it would be
necessary to characterize the development of the resin prop erties
with time and temp erature for a b etter mo delling of
micromechanical thermally induced residual stresses.

216

Influence of Bauschinger effect on springback and residual

stresses in plane strain pure bending -2011

A finite deformation elastic plastic analysis of plane strain pure

bending of a wide sheet is presented. The general closed-form
solution is proposed for a kinematic hardening law assuming that
the material is incompressible.

213

214

217

218

219

220

Stamping and sringback of PEMFC Metal Bipolar Plate

This Study only researchers the stamping and springback of the

one type of the bipolar plate. There are more complex shapes and
problems to be further studied and found.

Springback Predictions of a Dual-phase Steel Considering

Elasticity Evolution in Stamping Process -2014

the effect of Youngs modulus evolution on the accuracy of FE s

pringback predictions was i nvestigated by stamping simulations
of a DP s teel automotive part and comparisons with experiments.
All plasticity modeling parameters were determined with standard
t ensile tests, and for simplicity, i sotopic hardening is chosen in
the Hills plasticity modeling.

On the modeling and simulation of induced anisotropy

in polycrystalline metals with application to springback -2005

the development of induced, anisotropic elastic and inelastic

material behavior in polycrystalline metals, can be traced back to
the influence of texture and dislocation substructural development
on this behavior. As it turns out, via homogenization or other
means, one can formulate effective models for such structure and
its effect on the macroscopic material behavior with the help of
the concept of evolving structure tensors.

LOCAL FIELD ASSESSMENT INSIDE MULTISCALE COMPOSITE

ARCHITECTURES -2007

ntroduce asymptotic expansions for recovering the local field

behavior inside multiscale composite architectures in the presence
of residual stress. The theory applies to zones containing abrupt
changes in the composite microgeometry. This includes the
interfaces between plies inside fiber reinforced laminates.

ARAMETERS

2D or 3D or
sed

Tool/Other Details

Laminate
Proerties

LGM, IPM

Displacement

ical(Radford eqn),
C Profile
AD tool to FE Tool

[0]8, [0, 90]s,

[45, 45, 90,
0]s, [45, 45]s

ASTRAN
0, 90, 45, -45
& Layer 138

ABAQUS)

ation, ABAQUS,
MP, LS-DYNA,

QUS

AL Bronze, Cr

ANSYS

QUS, 3D

eration, FE
mulation, 3D

SDYNA, 2D

PAM-STAMP 2G

DD3IMP

LS-DYNA3D and
MP

US

US, CLT, Exp

C Section, MRCC

L Bending

US,

Reconfigurable tool die, Doubly

Titanium Sheet
Curved

d
BAQUS, 3D

compensation
AQUS, 2D

Double bend

U-shape Channel
oulombs classical
Draw mild (DC06) and
NXT Post
dual phase (DP600)
,
steels

QUS, 3D

magnesium alloy sheets

Force Descriptor,

SHEET93, 2D,
bert dynamic
HF, Exp

HSS, U Draw

al model of
cobian matrix,
NCP

CAX,

S, Enhanced
ain element

Square simply
supported plates,

STC) and
Easy), 3D

AHSS, TRIP Sheet,

ET, NUMIFORM
LAS, QFM, QSM, S-rail, AL U profile,
K, 2D & 3D

C, CAF, CRPLAW,
Creep Age Forming,
EXP,

PLASTIC
TION FINITE
METHOD,
DL, 3D

QUS, 3D,

Singly Curve

2D simulation of die, U
Shape,

VUMAT

4 plies

3D, MSC/Patran,

CFRP L-Profiles, C
Spar, z-profile,

[(+45/
45/0)S/0/(+45/
45/0)S], 13
plies

C Shaped, L Shaped,
Steel, AL

quasi-isotropic
laminates, 8
layer both

VARTM, ANSYS L Shaped, E Glass,

BAQUS, 3D, STM, Carbon

o Method, CNC
thod

E glass

CAE, Von Mises,

AISI, CFRP

ell Element,
treatment Scheme, U Channel
FEM

[90]4, [0,90]s

Planner
Anisotropy

iessler algorithm,
law Monte Carlo,
U bending
D, ABAQUS,
DOE

m GOM, 3D, aircess, FEM, 2D

Queener Model

hanic theory, web

CAPP techniques,
US 3D,

Titanium, AL, U Shape,

V bending

, EXP,

V Punch, U Die,

V Bending, Hot sheet

ional elastic-plastic forming, Warm sheet
forming,
Recrystallization

Phase
on models for
steel

hanical Properties
tive model, FE

AHSS,

Coper Sheet

zu varia tional
ur-node quadri
Kirchhoff plate
U Bending
tch test, DYNA3D,

Formation,
ET93,

AL ST,

D solid elements
avior law, EXP,
NUMISHEET93

FEM, EXP,

al RMSD, EXP,

L Bending, U Bending,

Carbon Epoxy,

Experimental
tests provided
evidence that
thickness
shrinkage

Shrinkage
Collapse,

city theory, ANN,

Abaqus-UMAT

GM 3D, LDM,

Moulds, AL, Steel,

Chemical
FW, HexTool,
Ceramic, Wood, etc,
Shrinkage,
E-6.10-2, CAD, 3D CARBON,
0/90,
Bismaleimid, C Shape,

heory, Mindlin plate

ory, cylindrical
NUMISHEET,
,

press, EXP, LSsheets SPFC440,

and a mild steel

hoff triangular
EA,

ET'93 2-D,

MECANO, CAD,

ng Simulation, Split

AA5754-O, AA6111-T4
and DP-Steel,
Hardening model, U
bending

Cylindrical Shell,

Non Linear
Model

mori (Y-U) model,

Law, Exp, LSU-bend, Forming Tool,

AQUS (versions
14), DYNA3D,

U-bend,

GengWagoner
model, hardening
Draw Bend Test

d Plate, 3D FEA,

ET2002,
EAS Method

Cylindrical bending test

05, ABAQUS, EXP,

AKDQ-HDG, HSLAHDG, DP600-HDG

and AA-6022-T43,

, LS-DYNA, DOE, S- shaped U-channel,

NUMISHEET93,

FEM Simulation

Model, Exp,

2-D draw bending,

AHSS,

HSS, semi-cylindrical
channels,

Rectangular Section, USection,

ANK model

2D U-draw/bending
springback problem,

lastic/plastic fi nite
cedure, Bendability V-bending,
ack analyses,

lastic/polycrystal
E procedure, 3D
E measured model, V-bend
ehlAvrami's

FE Modeling of of
aw bending
otropic-kinematic

ise, EXP

c-plastic stress

V - bending , roll bending , air and edge bending , hydroforming

etc , Beam, L-beam,
forming tool

s0, s45, s90,

r0, r45, r90,
the uni-axial
yield stresses
and
r-values
measured at
01, 451, 901
to RD, and sb

prediction models
raw bending of
tube, EXP,
r effect,
Explicit,

pproximate
n, Radial basis
work, FEA model
cal analysis, LSO using RBF

Thin-walled rectangular
H96 tube, Rotary-draw
bending

HSS, U-shaped,
NUMISHEET93

erse analysis, FE
of One-Step
Bending Forming,
lysis with Bending Unconstrained
DYNA Implicit
cylindrical bending,

E method, 3D,
itutive equations,

Creep forming,
Cylindrical & Spherical
tool surface,

in g model, 2D,
ntegration error

NUMISHEET,

icity, Moment
2D,

Magnesium alloy sheet, Asymmetry

Exp, Time
,

traditional steels
(DQSK, AKDQ, and
HSLA), Draw Bend,

celastic,
r effect, constitutive
Anisotropic hardening,
E and HAH
AHSS, U-Draw
ormulations,

r effect,
Three-point bending, Umodel, Parameter
draw/bending, AHSS,
n, Pre-strain effect,
Three Point
QUS, UMAT,

behavior, Plastic
equations, Variable
AHSS, Magnesium,
dulus, Throughtegration of stress,

tic FE analysis,
analysis

Hollow circular crosssection

properties, Micro
est, Finite element V-bending
D, Roll forming

90o

experi ment, Finite

deling, ABAQUS, Aluminum; Anticlastic;
or y for plate bendin Bending;

elling, sheet metal

verse finite element V-bending ,

scosity and
ity, CHEMORHEOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
OMSOL
s

L Type

sheet forming,
drawing of path surface
control, Fourier
structure
ABAQUS/Explicit,

90,
asymmetric

nkholder force,
forming,
e Restraining
BHF and VBHF

NUMISHEET93, 2-D
draw
bending , U-shaped,

model, ABQAUS,
rotary-draw bending,
, 3D-FE bending
thin-walled rectangular 90
n-walled
3A21 tube
tube,

auschinger effect,
steel, Sheet Metal
n Modeling, FE
DP600 Steel,
lysis model of rooft

k-Hardening,
r Effects, EXP

lateral bending, Tsection rails,

workhardening
materials

V-punch V-die

90

he model, composed

CDP, PP, BES,

V,

U-draw, NUMISHEET,

flanging; Coining;
DEFORMTM (2- straight flanging
US,

model, FEM for the

simulation of 2D
V-free bending,
c finite element

on and influence of
mping value,
NUMISHEET
points, punch

ropy; Draweriments; Finite

deling, ABAQUS.

Stainless steel 410,

BHF

gorithm and sheet

ng, fuzzy
neural network,
n, multi-curvature
c algorithm, EXP

TING BASED ON
FORECASTING
neural network
N THE
NETWORK

ning, Young
ols geometry,
dius, punch-die
tc, DYNAFORM

Sheet metal bending,

Automotive sheet

ess-strain response,
r effect, YoshidaCu, Ni-Si,
del, FE Simulation,

S-rail
on Scheme, Skyline
benchmarking
Dyna3D, LSspringback analysis
model

imuation
n (SSEF), ETAM5.6, EXP

d blanks,
M, EXP

U-shaped, AHSS,

MUMISHEET93,
bending of TWBs Ushaped part,

odeling, ABAQUS,
3-D bending,
-D
DRAWBEND TEST, 2ONS,
D SIMULATIONS,
NGER EFFECT,

TE ELEMENT
G, Abaqus,
rface prediction
hborhood
genetic algorithm;
ation neural
YNAFORM

Bending modeling, SRail, Compensation in

Bending

ingback analysis,
U-beam,
LITY ANALYSIS,

compensition,
mping, material

Panel; Springback
mability Index

le Preparation,
er Composite Test
eat Resin

s, internal stresses,
coupled modeling,
deling of cure
heat transfer

[0, 90] 3s, [45/+45] 3s

asymmetric
[0/90]

nsation, curing,

models , EXP,

C-spar , 3D curing
simulations

cross-ply (XP)
parts and
U-shaped steel tooling
unidirectional
(UD)

analysis, U-O
ECHANICAL
ES, FINITE
MODELS

pearlite/ferrite steel

tion, ABAQUS,

C-spar

mposites
ng, anisotropic
ooling design,
ssure microwave
space composite

mpensatory angle

ent Mo deling of
stment,

E
PROGRAM
sical laminate
T),

Plate,

FE Model,

Plate with diamond hole

; Punch;

C package and
l, numerical
EM were
U-bending,
y using ABAQUS
RM,

Material and

mula, Discrete
rc Approaching,

Al Mn Zn Si Be,

T-style 2124aluminium
panels

[90/0/0/0]

ABAQUS, Index
e method.,

Large diameter thinwalled tube, CT20

titanium alloy tube, Die
fittingness

Properties, Blank
AHSS, steel CP800,
ce(BHF), Materials
HSLA
mental

n model,

molded U-section,

g Analysis, Design
n, MSC/PATRAN,

yses, Dynamic
nalyses, Static
nalyses, Packaging

Approach,
y

NUMISHEET, S-Rail,

urement, Modeling
rror minimization,
Curved Comosite Plate
on properties, FE

itutive equation,

ing,

Aluminum 2124-T85,

Deform 2D, Zr-based

MG, L-bending

EXP, investigation

e of the material
tion

Geometrical model,
FEPO steel,

method, Exp
er and image
U-bent parts, aluminium
hniques, hole
alloy sheet
hod, Mathematical