IDENTIFY 2 SUBCULTURES AND DO A LIST WITH THE MAIN CULTURAL

TRAITS AND PATTERNS OF EACH.

Plan:
A) Definition of Culture, Example of the western culture
B) Definition of subculture
C) Identification of 2 subcultures, Example of the Skinhead and the hippie
Subcultures

A) Definition of a Culture
According to anthropologist E.B. Tylor, it is "that complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society."
In other words, culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience,
beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial
relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a
group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people.
B) Definition of a Sub Culture

According to Wikipedia, the exact definitions vary, the Oxford English Dictionary defines
a subculture as "a cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests
at variance with those of the larger culture." As early as 1950, David Riesman
distinguished between a majority, "which passively accepted commercially provided
styles and meanings, and a 'subculture' which actively sought a minority style ... and
interpreted it in accordance with subversive values".
In his 1979 book Subculture: The Meaning of Style, Dick Hebdige argued that a
subculture is a subversion to normalcy. He wrote that subcultures can be perceived as
negative due to their nature of criticism to the dominant societal standard. Hebdige
argued that subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by
societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity.
To summarize this definition, a subculture is a cultural group within a culture that differs
in one or more ways from the culture. This would include differences in interest,
behaviors or beliefs, like religion, ethnicity, and social or economic status.

C) Identification of 2 subcultures
-

Example 1: Skinhead
Example 2: The hippie subculture

C-1) Example 1: Skinhead Subculture

A skinhead is a member of a subculture originating among working class youths in
London, England in the 1960s that soon spread to other parts of the United Kingdom,
with a second working class skinhead movement spreading worldwide in the 1980s.
Early skinheads were not politically involved. The subculture
those who are racially motivated, as in white power

has evolved to include

Skins are defined by their close-cropped or shaven heads and working class clothing such
as Dr. Martens boots (English brand of shoes), braces (known as suspenders in American
English), high-ankle straight-leg jeans, and simple shirts.

C- 2) Example 2: The Hippie Subculture

It began its development as a youth movement in the United States during the early
1960s and then developed around the world.
Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th
century such as Bohemians, and the influence of Eastern religion and spirituality. From
around 1967, its fundamental ethos including harmony with nature, communal living,
artistic experimentation particularly in music, and the widespread use of recreational
drugs spread around the world during the counterculture of the 1960s, which has
become closely associated with the subculture.
Since the 1960s, many aspects of the hippie counterculture have been assimilated by the
mainstream.

Religious and cultural diversity has gained greater acceptance. Eastern religions and
spiritual concepts, karma and reincarnation in particular, have reached a wider audience
with around 20% of Americans espousing some New Age belief. A wide range of personal
appearance options and clothing styles have become acceptable, all of which were
uncommon before the hippie era.
Co-operative business enterprises and creative community living arrangements are
widely accepted. Interest in natural food, herbal remedies and vitamins is widespread,
and the little hippie "health food stores" of the 1960s and 1970s are now large-scale,
profitable businesses.