Hong Quang Trung v tg

Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH

99(11): 51 - 54

PHN TCH NH GI GIAO THC HP TC TRONG MNG V TUYN

Hong Quang Trung*, Bi Th Thanh Xun
Trng i hc Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn thng H Thi Nguyn

TM TT
Truyn dn hp tc l k thut ha hn nhiu kh nng p ng v phm cht ca cc mng v
tuyn. Trong bi vit ny, trc tin chng ti a ra s phn tch v nh gi phm cht ca giao
thc hp tc ti lp vt l da trn s phn tp hp tc trong [3]. Trn c s , chng ti
xut phng php ti u xuyn lp bng cch kt hp k thut phn tp hp tc vi giao thc la
chn nt chuyn tip trong [4] nhm nng cao hiu qu truyn dn ca mng v tuyn hp tc.
Chng ti thc hin m phng my tnh bng Matlab, kt qu m phng chng minh c
rng truyn dn phn tp hp tc cho phm cht tt hn hn so vi truyn dn trc tip (khng hp
tc). Chng ti cng phn tch l thuyt ch ra rng nu qu trnh hp tc y c lp vt
l v lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng s cho phm cht h thng vt tri.
Key words: Truyn dn v tuyn hp tc, giao thc hp tc, lp vt l, lp iu khin truy nhp
mi trng, phn tp hp tc.

GII THIU*
Truyn thng v tuyn l lnh vc ang c
pht trin mnh m v c kh nng ng dng
rng ri. y cng l l do m ngy cng c
nhiu tc gi quan tm n vic thit k, ci
tin cc giao thc mng nhm nng cao tc
truyn dn v phm cht h thng. t
c mc ch ny, hng tip cn mi l
truyn thng hp tc. Tuy nhin, y l lnh
vc nghin cu kh mi m. Do , xoay
quanh vn ny cn c nhiu vn cn
phi bn lun. i a s cc tc gi trc y
u tp trung nghin cu c ch hp tc din
ra ti mt lp giao thc c th, do c th
khng kt hp c cc u im ca giao
thc hp tc. c c c ch hp tc y
, chng ti tip cn theo hng thit k
xuyn lp, c th t lp vt l n lp iu
khin truy nhp mi trng. Trc tin,
chng ti a ra s phn tch nh gi giao
thc hp tc lp vt l, sau l phn tch
giao thc la chn nt mng. Trn c s
chng ti xut hng tip cn xuyn lp
da trn vic kt hp hai giao thc ny.
HP TC TI LP VT L
M hnh phn tp hp tc
Trong truyn dn v tuyn, cht lng tn
hiu thng b suy gim do iu kin knh
khng c m bo, trong nh hng
*

Tel: 0904 055956, Email: hqtrung@ictu.edu.vn

thng l do yu t truyn sng a ng hay

pha-inh. khc phc vn ny c th s
dng cc k thut phn tp khc nhau. Phn
tp khng gian c th c to ra bng cch
s dng nhiu ng-ten pht, tuy nhin vic
tch hp nhiu ng-ten trn mt thit b di
ng nh b c th khng thc hin c v
trong trng hp trm thu qu xa trm pht
th cng khng th thu c tn hiu vi cht
lng tt. tng t ra l xy dng mt
mng ad-hoc trong trm ngun c th hp
tc vi cc trm trung gian cho mc ch
chuyn tip. M hnh mng kiu ny c
minh ha nh Hnh 1.

Hnh 1. M hnh truyn dn v tuyn s dng

phn tp hp tc.

Theo m hnh trn, nt Chuyn tip c nhim

v nhn d liu t nt Ngun, sau c th
x l trc khi chuyn tip ti nt ch.
Phng php n gin, hiu qu l khuch
i v chuyn tip. u im ca phng php
ny l tit kim thi gian tnh ton, m bo
cng sut tn hiu c nng ln. Gi s nt
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Hong Quang Trung v tg

Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH

Ngun pht i tn hiu xs , h s knh gia

nt Ngun v nt Chuyn tip l hs , r , tn
hiu thu c ti nt ch l yr vi thnh
phn tp m trn knh zs ,r . Khi , cng sut
tn hiu nhn c ti nt Chuyn tip t nt
Ngun chuyn n l [3]:
2
2
2
E yr2 = E hs ,r E xs + E zs ,r

(1)
2
= hs ,r + 2 s2,r

Trong , ton t E [] xc nh k vng;

2
= E xs biu din nng lng tn hiu

pht v 2

2
s ,r

l thnh phn cng sut tp m

tng cng.
gi chuyn tip d liu vi cng sut bng
vi cng sut pht ban u ca trm ngun,
trm chuyn tip cn phi khuch i tn hiu
vi h s

hs ,r + 2 s2,r

nh gi phm cht ca mng truyn dn

phn tp hp tc
nh gi phm cht mng theo tham s
BER (Bit Error Rate: t s li bit trn tp
m), chng ti thc hin m phng my
tnh bng phng php Monte-Carlo. M
hnh m phng bao gm 3 nt (Hnh 1):
Ngun, Chuyn tip v ch. Knh truyn
gia cc nt c gi thit chu nh hng
ca pha-inh Rayleigh bin i chm. Tc l
cc li ca knh khng thay i trong mi
chu k khung d liu truyn nhng thay i
gia cc khung. D liu truyn c iu ch
BPSK, mi khung d liu cha 148 symbol.
Tp m ti nt Chuyn tip v nt ch c
gi thit c lp thng k v c phn b nh
nhau vi cng phng sai. Tn hiu nhn
c ti nt ch sau hai pha c kt hp
nh phng php ESNRC.

(2)

Qu trnh kt hp tn hiu ti my thu:

thc hin kt hp tn hiu nhn c theo
tuyn trc tip vi bn sao ca n theo tuyn
hp tc, my thu ca trm ch c th s
dng cc k thut kt hp phn tp khc
nhau. Trong bi vit ny, chng ti s dng
phng php kt hp ci tin theo t s cng
sut tn hiu trn cng sut tp m, cn gi l
phng php kt hp ESNRC (Enhanced
Signal to Noise Combining). V c bn,
phng php ny thc hin quyt nh da
trn t s tng i ca tham s SNR (Signal
to Noise Rate) tng ng vi tuyn truyn
trc tip ( SNRs ,d ) v tuyn truyn hp tc
( SNRs ,r ,d ). C th mu tn hiu th n thu
c ti nt ch yd [ n ] c xc nh bi
tn hiu n t tuyn trc tip ys ,d [ n ] v
tuyn hp tc ys ,r ,d [ n ] nh sau:

SNRs ,d

> 10
ys , d [ n ] ,

SNRs ,r ,d

(3)
SNRs ,d

yd [ n] = ys ,d [ n] + ys ,r ,d [ n] , 0.1
10

SNRs ,r ,d

SNRs ,d

y [ n] ,
< 0.1

s,r ,d
SNR
s,r ,d

52

99(11): 51 - 54

Hnh 2. So snh phm cht ca truyn dn phn

tp hp tc vi truyn dn trc tip.

Kt qu m phng th hin trn Hnh 2 cho ta

thy ti vng SNR (t s cng sut tn hiu
trn cng sut tp m) cao, ng c tnh
BER ca trng hp s dng hp tc tt hn
hn so vi trng hp khng hp tc. Mt
vn na c t ra l cn la chn nt
trung gian no lm nt Chuyn tip? Da
trn cc kt qu nghin cu ca mt s tc gi
v c ch hp tc din ra ti cc lp giao thc
ring r, chng ti xut phng php ti
u truyn dn hp tc bng cch kt hp k
thut phn tp hp tc c m t trn
vi phng php la chn nt chuyn tip
trong [4], hay cn gi l ti u xuyn lp
(t lp vt l n lp iu khin truy nhp
mi trng).

Hong Quang Trung v tg

Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH

PHNG PHP LA CHN NT

CHUYN TIP
Giao thc la chn nt chuyn tip
Trong trng hp c nhiu trm trung gian
gia trm Ngun v trm ch, vn t ra
l nn la chn trm no lm trm chuyn
tip. Chng ta xem xt m hnh la chn trm
chuyn tip (Hnh 3) di y.

Hnh 3. M hnh la chn trm chuyn tip

Trong m hnh trn, gi thit gia trm

Ngun v trm ch c K trm Trung gian
nm trong vng ph sng ca c hai trm sn
sng hp tc gip chuyn tip d liu t
Ngun n ch. Khi cn phi c mt c
ch (giao thc) la chn thch hp chn ra
trm chuyn tip tt nht t K trm Trung
gian. Giao thc la chn nt phn tn din ra
ti lp MAC (Medium Access Control: iu
khin truy nhp mi trng) c m t nh
sau [4]:
Bc 1: nt Ngun pht i bn tin yu cu
truyn RTS (Request - To - Send ) ti nt
ch. Do bn cht pht qung b trong thng
tin v tuyn nn tt c cc nt Trung gian
cng s nhn c bn tin RTS ny. Do
cc nt Trung gian c lng c knh
truyn t Ngun ti chng. Ngha l nt
Trung gian k s bit c thng tin knh
truyn hsk .
Bc 2: Sau khi nhn c bn tin RTS, nt
ch pht i bn tin CTS (Clear To Send)
cho nt Ngun thng bo trng thi sn
sng nhn d liu. Khi cc nt Trung gian
c th c lng c knh truyn hdk t
ch ti chng.
Bc 3: Da vo tnh cht thun nghch ca
knh truyn, nt Trung gian c th bit c

99(11): 51 - 54

knh truyn t n n ch, tc l hkd = hdk .

Kt qu l mi nt Trung gian s bit c
knh chuyn tip t Ngun thng qua n ti
ch, tc l hsk v hkd . Lc ny, mi nt
trung gian s tnh ton ch s cht lng knh
truyn ( CQI k : Channel Quality Index) cho
ng chuyn tip thng qua n thng qua
hm CQI k = f ( hsk , hkd ) . Mi gi tr
CQI k c nh x thnh mt gi tr thi gian
ch Tk . Nt Trung gian vi CQI tt nht ch
cn phi ch thi gian Tk nh nht. Sau khi
ht thi gian ch, nt c CQI tt nht s
pht i bn tin AFR (Apply For Relay:
ng chuyn tip) v nt Ngun. Do tnh
cht qung b ca knh truyn nn cc nt
Trung gian khc cng nhn c bn tin ny.
Kt qu l cc nt Trung gian ang trong thi
gian ch s thc hin dng trng thi ch.
Bc 4: Sau khi nhn c bn tin AFR t
nt tt nht k = , nt Ngun xc nhn li
vic ng chn nt k = lm nt Chuyn
tip bng cch pht i bn tin SFR (Select
For Relay: La chn lm Chuyn tip) cho
nt . Do tnh cht qung b nn cc nt
Trung gian v nt ch u bit c thng
tin nt c la chn lm nt Chuyn
tip. n y kt thc qu trnh la chn nt.
Tiu ch la chn nt chuyn tip
la chn nt chuyn tip cn c th ha
hm ch s cht lng knh CQI da trn cc
tiu ch khc nhau. Trong [2], Bletsas
xut tiu ch la chn nt da trn tiu chun
trung bnh hi ha (harmonic mean), c th
nh sau:
Cc nt Trung gian s s dng trung bnh hi
ha gia hai thnh phn bin ca hai knh
thun v nghch lm tiu ch la chn. Ch s
CQI theo trung bnh hi ha c tnh theo
cng thc

CQI

har mean
k

2
1
hsk

1
hkd

2 hsk hkd
2

hsk + hkd

(4)

Thi gian ch ca nt trung gian th k l

(5)
Tk =
har mean
CQI k
Trong l mt hng s, c n v ph
thuc vo n v ca CQI khar mean . V
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Hong Quang Trung v tg

Tp ch KHOA HC & CNG NGH

CQI khar mean l i lng v hng nn c

n v thi gian. Vi trng hp xem xt
y, c gi tr hng s . Khi , nt Trung
gian k s c la chn theo tiu chun cc
i ha trung bnh hi ha nh sau:

= arg max {CQI khar mean }

k

(6)

Hot ng xuyn lp
Thng qua cc bn tin trao i RTS, CTS v
AFR trong giao thc la chn nt chuyn
tip, nt Ngun s xc nh c nt chuyn
tip ti u nht ty thuc vo iu kin mi
trng truyn dn c th. Trn c s nt
Ngun s gi i bn tin d liu theo ng
trc tip v bn sao ca n theo ng ti nt
Chuyn tip ti u nht. Ti nt ch, my
thu kt hp tn hiu thu c t hai nhnh
phn tp bng k thut kt hp tn hiu
ESNRC. iu cng c ngha l nu nh c
s hp tc xuyn lp t lp t vt l ln lp
iu khin truy nhp mi trng theo cch
c m t nh trn th phm cht mng v
tuyn s c nng ln rt nhiu. Do va c
c li phn tp hp tc v ng thi
cng c c tuyn truyn dn ti u nht.
KT LUN
Trong bi bo ny chng ti phn tch,
nh gi m phng s truyn dn phn tp
hp tc v so snh phm cht mng theo s

99(11): 51 - 54

ny vi trng hp khng s dng phn

tp hp tc. Ngoi ra chng ti cng xut
v mt l thuyt cho c ch hp tc xuyn lp
(t lp vt l n lp iu khin truy nhp
mi trng). Bng cch m phng my tnh
s dng chng trnh Matlab chng ti
chng minh c s vt tri ca truyn dn
phn tp hp tc. Bn cnh , chng ti cng
xut v mt l thuyt cho thit k xuyn
lp nng cao phm cht mng v tuyn
hp tc. Hng pht trin tip theo l cn gii
quyt vn tranh chp khi c nhiu nt
chuyn tip u c kh nng tt cho vic tr
gip nt ngun.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Trn Xun Nam, (2010), M phng cc h
thng x l tn hiu khng gian thi gian s dng
Matlab, Hc vin K thut Qun s.
[2]. Bletsas A., et al, (2006), "A Simple
Cooperative Diversity Method Based on Network
Path Selection", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas
in Communications, 24(3), pp. 659 672.
[3]. J. N. Laneman, G. W. Wornell, and D. N. C.
Tse, (2001), An Efficient Protocol for Realizing
Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks,
Proc. IEEE ISIT, Washington, DC, June, p. 294.
[4]. Zhang W. and K.B. Letaief, (2008),
Opportunistic Relaying for Dual-Hop Wireless
MIMO
Channels,
IEEE
Global
Telecommunications Conference, New Orleans, LO.

SUMMARY
THE PERFORMANCE OF COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKS
Hoang Quang Trung*, Bui Thi Thanh Xuan
College of Information and Communication Technology - TNU

Cooperative communications, which refer to the collaborative processing and retransmission of

overheard information at stations surrounding a source. This technique takes full advantage of the
broadcast nature of the wireless channel. In this paper, we first analyze and evaluate the
performance of cooperative diversity networks built on physical layers, then we propose a crosslayer approach for cooperative wireless communications (from PHY layer to MAC layer). We
simulated the solution on Matlab program and simulation result showed that the cooperative
diversity scheme provides better BER performace than the no cooperative diversity scheme. By
analyzing on the theory we also showed the significant performance improvement of the crosslayer protocol.
Key words: Cooperative wireless communications, Cooperative Protocol, PHY Layer, MAC
Layer, Cooperative Diversity.
Ngy nhn bi:02/11/2012, ngy duyt ng:19/11/2012, ngy phn bin:10/12/2012
*

Tel: 0904 055956, Email: hqtrung@ictu.edu.vn

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