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STUDY OF UNIFORM FLOW FORMULAE
Aim: To determine the Chezys constant (C) and the Mannings constant (n) for the given
channel bed for the uniform flow.
Theory: An open channel flow is said to be uniform if the flow characteristics like velocity,
depth, slope and c/s remains constant for a given length of channel. Consider section 1-1 and 2-2
as shown in the figure, the forces acting on the water between the sections considered are:
1. The component of the wt. of water in the direction of the flow (ALsin
2. The frictional resistance against the flow of water (fPLV2)
3. Pressure forces at the section 1-1.
4. Pressure forces at the section 2-2.
Where L=length of channel;
A=Area of flow of water;
S=slope of bed;
V=mean velocity of flow;
f=frictional resistance;
P=wetted perimeter.
As the depth of the water at the section 1-1 & 2-2 are the same the pressure forces on these two
sections are same and acting in the opposite direction. Hence they cancel each other. In case of
the uniform flow, the velocity does not change along the length of the channel, thus there is no
acceleration acting on water. Hence the sum of the component of all the external forces in the
direction of the flow must be equal to zero. In short, for this uniform flow to exist the driving
forces (due to gravity) should be equal to the resisting force (due to the friction forces).
ALsin - fPLV2 = 0
V2 =( Asin )/ fP
V=
fP
Asin)/
V=C RS
Where R=A/P =hydraulic depth or hydraulic radius.
C= /f = chezys constant and for small values of ; tan = sin = 0
Observations:
i.
ii.
iii.
Slope
S
Section 2-2
H2 (cm)
Height of water
collected in
tank h (cm)
Depth of flow
Y1=
H1-h1
(cm)
Y2=
H2-h2
(cm)
Y=
Y 1 +Y 2
2
(cm)
Formulae:
1.
Y=
Y 1 +Y 2
2
2. A= B Y
3. P= B+2Y
4. R= A/P
5. Qexpt. =
6. V =
a h
t
Q expt .
A
A=
BY
(m2)
P=
B+2Y
(m)
R=
A/P
(m)
Qexpt.
V=
3
Q/A
(m /sec)
(m/sec)
Chezys
Mannings
7. C = V/ RS
8. n = (R2/3 S1/2) / V