MATHEMATICS

STANDARD THREE
TERM I

iv

SHAPES AND FIGURES - I

Recall

There are number of shapes all around us.

The four basic shapes
Triangle
Square
Rectangle
Circle

Basic shapes

Look at the basic shapes :

Square

Rectangle

Triangle

Circle

Square :
It is a square
It has four sides and four corners.

ACTIVITY 1

We will make a square through paper folding.

Step 1 : Take a paper and fold it as shown in the figure.
Step 2 : Cut the shaded portion.
Step 3 : Now unfold the paper. We get a square.

The dotted line is a diagonal obtained by joining the respective
opposite corners. There are two diagonals in a square.

To compare the sides of the square, fold the paper as shown in

the figure.

Measure the diagonals with a thread.

Diagonals are equal.

ACTIVITY 2

List the things around you which are square

in shape.
2

Rectangle :

It has four sides and four corners. To measure the sides of the
rectangle fold its opposite sides .

What do you observe? The sides coincide.

As you did for the square, make the diagonals in the rectangle and
measure the diagonals using a thread.
In rectangle also
diagonals are equal

ACTIVITY
3

List the things around you which are

rectangular in shape.
3

Triangle :

This is a triangle

We will make a triangle through paper folding.

Take a paper and cut it along its diagonal, we get two triangles.

Triangle has three sides.

1
2

Triangle has three corners.

2
ACTIVITY 4
List the things around you which are triangular in shape.
Vicks toffee
4

Circle :
Circle is a closed curve.

This is a Circle

It has no corner.

Project
Draw a circle using pencil and thread.
Tie one end of the thread to the
pencil as shown in the figure.

Press the other end of the thread on the paper and draw a curved line
with the pencil. We get a circle.

ACTIVITY 5
List the things around you which are circular in shape.
Disc
5

Curved and Straight Lines

Now bring the two

Pull a piece of thread

tightly between your hands
as shown in the figure. It
gives you a straight line.

hands closer. It gives

you a curved line.

Curved lines and straight lines can be drawn with the help of
dots. Look at these designs.

We call it as Kolam.

Exercise

Write the number of corners and sides of the shapes in the boxes :

corners

sides

corners

corners

corners

sides

sides

sides

ACTIVITY 6


Fold a square paper at the corners as shown here and write the
number of corners and sides obtained.

corners

sides

corners

corners

corners

sides

sides

sides

Try it !

Fold all the corners of a square sheet in such

a way that it still has only four corners!

ACTIVITY 7

Complete the diagram given below by using green colour and
red colour crayons on curved lines and straight lines respectively.

5 Pieces tangram

Tangram

The tangram is an ancient chinese
puzzle. From the pieces of the tangram,
we can make many figures of animals,
people and other things.

ACTIVITY 8

Prepare 5 pieces tangram and try
to make the following figures with the
suitable pieces.

7 pieces tangram
Project

Prepare 7 pieces tangram and make

the following shapes.

i) use all the 5 triangles

ii) use pieces 1, 2, 3 and 5

iii) use only two triangles

iv) use pieces 1,2,3,4 and 5

Try it !
5
2

4
3
6
1
7

10

Tessellation

Observe the following pictures and discuss:

When you fit individual tiles together with no gaps or overlaps to
fill a flat space, you have a tiling.
Example

Here are some examples :

ACTIVITY 9

Tessellate a new region using the following shapes :

11

A tessellation is created when a shape is used over and again covering a plane without any gaps or overlaps.
Triangles, Squares, Hexagons are the regular polygons tessellate in
the plane.
Here are the examples of
a tessellation of triangles
a tessellation of squares
a tessellation of hexagons

Observe the following Pictures :

Pentagons
(Five equal sides)

Heptagons
(Seven equal sides)

Though Pentagons and Heptagons are regular Polygons they
do not tessellate.

Project
Observe the tessellated shapes
around you and discuss

12

SHAPES AND FIGURES - II

Map

Mapping means locating the place with the help
of landmarks.

Look at the above picture and discuss about the spatial
relationship such as - nearer, in front of, between, behind, far away,
above, below, adjacent, bottom, top, etc.....

Exercise

1. .............................. is adjacent to the school. (hotel / bank)

2. ............................. is in front of the hospital. (park / fort)
3. .................. is far away from the post office. (stadium / mountain)
13

4. Stadium is .............................. the school. (adjacent to / behind)

5. Park is .......................................... the post office and the bank.
(in between / in front of)
6. Court and hospital are .............................................. each other.
(behind / adjacent to )
7. Flagpole is ............................. of the school. (in front / at the centre)
8. River is in front of the .............................. (Park / Stadium)
9. The post office is surrounded by .......................... (mountain / trees)
10. Stadium is situated at the .......................................... of the map.
(top / bottom)

we can easily find out the location with

the help of a map.

Discuss the spatial relationship among the persons, objects and
places found in the picture using the words such as below, above, under,
on, in, between, etc.,

Project

Try to draw a map of your house and school.

14

Solid shapes

These are also

called 3-D objects.

ACTIVITY 1
Draw the solid shapes on the dot-grid using straight lines and curves :

15

ACTIVITY 2
Draw the incomplete solid shapes and colour it :

Cube

Cuboid

Cone

Sphere

Cylinder

Exercise

Cube

Match the solid shapes to its name :

Cylinder

Cube

Cuboid
16

Sphere

Cone

NUMBERS

Recall

1.

Look at the picture and answer the following :

1.

Number of cows.

2.

Number of cats.

3. Number of trees.

4. Number of eggs.

5.

6.


7.


8.

Number of birds.
Number of ducks.
Number of dogs.
Number of flowers.
17

2.

Write the place value of the circled digit :

1.

5 4

4 ones

2.

7 1

3.

6 3

4.

9 8

3.

Count the beads and write the numerals in the boxes :

1. =

2. =

3. =

4.

Write the missing numbers :

1.

2.

41

24

45

91

96

49

100

3.

4.

37

Try it !

80

If you add 1 to me, I will become

one less than 100. Who am I ?
18

Number sequence upto 1000

Numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are one digit numbers.

Numbers from 10 to 99 are called two digit numbers.
Number 99 is the biggest two digit number.

Tens Ones

Adding 1 more bead to 99 beads, we get one hundred.

+ 1 ten

9 tens

1 hundred

Shall we represent the number 100 in abacus?

O
No beads in the ones place shows 0 Ones.
No beads in the tens place shows 0 Tens.
1 bead in the hundreds place shows 1 Hundred.

Hundreds

Tens

Ones

1
19

Counting in Hundreds

Representing numbers from 200 1000

Place value

20

Number name

Two Hundred

Three Hundred

Four Hundred

Five Hundred

Six Hundred

Seven Hundred

Eight Hundred

21

Nine Hundred

Th H

Th

Ten hundred
or
One Thousand

Thousand comes after

Hundreds place

Remember

10 Ones

make

10 Tens

1 Ten

make

1 Hundred

10 Hundreds

10 Ones = 1 Ten

make

1 Thousand

10 Tens = 1 Hundred 10 Hundreds = 1 Thousand

22

Forming Numbers from 101 110

Place value

Number name

One hundred and one

One hundred and two

One hundred and three

One hundred and four

One hundred and five

23

One hundred and six

One hundred and seven

One hundred and eight

One hundred and nine

One hundred and ten

Note to the teacher

Use beads and spike abacus to

teach numbers from 111 1000

Practise the students to read and write the numbers from

101 to 1000 as given in the next page.
24

Read the numbers from 101 200.

101

111

121

131

141

151

161

171

181

191

102

112

122

132

142

152

162

172

182

192

103

113

123

133

143

153

163

173

183

193

104

114

124

134

144

154

164

174

184

194

105

115

125

135

145

155

165

175

185

195

106

116

126

136

146

156

166

176

186

196

107

117

127

137

147

157

167

177

187

197

108

118

128

138

148

158

168

178

188

198

109

119

129

139

149

159

169

179

189

199

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

290

300

Write the missing numbers from 201 300.
201

211

271

202
253

235

247

269
210

230

25

Number names

The numeral 28 is read as

twenty eight.

Similarly 128 is read as
one hundred and twenty eight.

Number
137
172
225
248
301
346
439
482
535
591
648
672
720
776
800
875
909
992
999
1000

Now write the

number names

Number Names
One hundred and thirty seven

Five hundred and thirty five

Nine hundred and nine

One thousand

Note to the teacher

Practise the students to write the number

names upto 1000 in their note book.
26


ACTIVITY 1

Colour the numbers with

 3 in the hundreds place by blue.
 9 in the tens place by green.
 5 in the ones place by orange.
 7 in the hundreds place by red.

341

387
309

324

368
925

712

768 655

815

380
300
555 736 105

749

728
352
308

376
891

492

97

893

27

598

291

Number line
We can mark the numbers in a straight line at equal distances.

Number line starts at 0 and goes on endlessly.

10

20

100

30

40

50

60

70

80

200 300 400 500 600 700

10

90

100

800 900 1000

Even numbers and Odd numbers

2
1

4
3

Even numbers
8
10
12

6
5

9
11
13
Odd numbers

14

16
15

18
17

20
19

The numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30.....
are even numbers.
The numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29.......
are odd numbers.
28

Note that even numbers end with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and

odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.

In a class if there are 24 students then we can group them into
two equal groups.

24

Even numbers form two equal

groups.

12 + 12

In a class if there are 17 students we
cannot group them into two equal groups.
17 =

Try it !

and balance is

Odd numbers do not

form two equal groups.

Try the above activity for other

odd and even numbers.

After every odd number there is an even number and after

every even number there is an odd number.


Exercise

Circle the odd numbers

Circle the even numbers

47, 52, 69, 70, 84

32, 41, 50, 67, 93

132, 145, 149, 174, 199

105, 116, 125, 142, 151

216, 400, 401, 432, 455

217, 232, 245, 342, 357

522, 564, 575, 587, 600

535, 540, 557, 561, 592

921, 926, 932, 938, 947

830, 841, 853, 862, 899

29

Skip counting in three digit numbers

A frog jumps on the number line in 2s.

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Help the frog to continue: 100, 102, 104,

Count in 10s and complete the blanks :

210
0

20

990

93

00

10

Observe the patterns and complete the blanks:

330

333

545

520

30

550

Comparison of numbers
Anitha has 2 chocolates and her sister Vanitha has 6 chocolates.

Who has more?

They compare as follows:

2 comes before 6

In a number line,

6 comes after 2

BB Number that comes before is smaller.

BB Number that comes after is greater.

6 is greater than 2

It is written as 6 > 2

So Vanitha has more chocolates.

31

10

If Abinaya has collected 48 stamps and Gayathiri has collected

52 stamps who has collected less number of stamps?

45

46

47

48 49

50

51

52 53

54

55

In the number line, 48 comes before 52.

Hence 48 is less than 52.

It is written as

48 < 52.

So Abinaya has collected less stamps.

Balu has 12 sketch pens. Mani also has 12 sketch pens.

Who has more and who has less?

While comparing, they have equal sketch pens.

It is written as 12 = 12.

Comparison of numbers with different digits.

The number which has more digits is a greater number.

Note:

All one digit numbers are smaller than any two digit number.

All two digit numbers are smaller than any three digit number.

Compare 98 and 112.

H

The number 112 has 3 digits and 98 has only 2 digits.

So the number 112 is greater than 98.

we write 112 > 98.

32

Compare the following sets of numbers and circle the smaller number.

87, 145

191,

32

123, 46

29,

165

Comparison of numbers with equal digits :

If the number of digits are equal, compare the digit in the

hundreds place. The number which has a greater digit in the hundreds
place is greater.

Compare 123 and 200

2 is greater than 1, so the number 200 is greater than 123.

We write 200 > 123. We can also say 123 < 200.

If the digits in the hundreds place are same, compare the digits
in the tens place. The number which has the greater digit in the tens
place is the greater number.

Compare 156 and 131

The digits in the hundreds place are the same. Compare the
digits in the tens place.

5 is greater than 3. So the number 156 is greater than 131.

We write 156 > 131. We can also say 131 < 156.
33


If the digits in the hundreds and the tens place are same,
compare the digits in the ones places. The number which has the
greater digit in the ones place is the greater number.

Compare 165 and 168

The digits in the hundreds place and tens place are the same.
Compare the digits in the ones place.

8 is greater than 5. So the number 168 is greater than 165.

We write 168 > 165. We can also say 165 < 168.

Compare 326 and 326

The digits in the hundreds place, tens place and ones place are same.

So, 326 = 326

Compare the numbers in each of the following sets and
circle the smaller number.

173,

165

592,

595

335,

383

440,

404

34

Exercise

Write < , > or = in the boxes provided:

312

483

761

683

419

547

416

419

408

308

394

387

387

487

782

782

512

512

983

990

Order of numbers

When we write the numbers from smaller to greater, we call it

ascending order. When we write numbers from greater to smaller, we

call it descending order.

We arrange the numbers 144, 148 and 145 in ascending
order and in descending order.

140

Look at the number line :

141 142 143 144

145 146

144 is smaller than 145 and

145 is smaller than 148.

35

147 148 149

150

Ascending order:

Descending order:

144 < 145 < 148

144, 145, 148

148 > 145 > 144

148, 145, 144

Exercise

1. Arrange the following numbers in ascending order :

(a) 253, 248,

384

(b) 492, 499,

(c) 569,

589

(d) 795, 759, 756

539,

493

2. Arrange the following numbers in descending order :

(a) 205,

210,

290

(b) 212,

503,

369

(c) 323,

303,

332

(d) 405,

407,

437

36

Form the greatest and the smallest numbers using the given digits

How can we form the greatest number from these given digits?

Arrange the digits in descending

order to form the greatest number.

Greatest number : 521

1

5
2
Arrange the digits in ascending
order to form the smallest number.

Smallest number : 125
37

Let us see another example :

1, 0, 3 are the given numbers.

By using these numbers shall

we form the greatest
and the smallest 3 - digit number?

The greatest number is 310.

The smallest number is 013.

But, 013 is a two digit number.

Oh! sorry!
What to do ?
Numbers should not begin with zero.

Yes I got it.
So the smallest number is 103.
38

Exercise

Form the greatest and the smallest 3 digit number.

Digits

Greatest number

Smallest number

ACTIVITY 2

Make 10 number cards from 0

Put the cards downward.

Turn any three cards and make all possible

three digit numbers.

Ask the students to form the greatest number.

Ask the students to form the smallest number.

1
0

3
2

to

5
4

7
6

39

9 .

Date:......................

1)
551

Fill in the missing numbers.

561

596

552
553

570

600

2) Write the number names.

254
486
595
991
1000

3.

Fill in the blanks.

a) 266 has ______ Hundreds ______ Tens ______ Ones

b) 405 has ______ Hundreds ______ Tens ______ Ones

c) 574 has ______ Hundreds ______ Tens ______ Ones

d) 896 has ______ Hundreds ______ Tens ______ Ones

e) 999 has ______ Hundreds ______ Tens ______ Ones

40

4.

Put a box around the correct number.

a) 3 Hundreds 9 Tens 0 Ones

309,

b) 5 Hundreds 2 Tens 2 Ones

390,

903

522,

225,

520

c) 6 Hundreds 5 Tens 1 Ones

156,

651,

516

d) 9 Hundreds 0 Tens 9 Ones

990,

909,

900

5.

Write the place value for the circled digits.

a) 7

6.

Skip count by fives.

b) 9

c) 1

105

135

7. Find out the odd and the even numbers.
133, 146, 327, 548, 575, 932, 601, 99, 74, 500.

Odd numbers :

Even numbers :
41

8.

Compare the numbers and write <, >, or = in the box.

118

340

875

600

225

176

500

500

347

325

925

928

9.

Write the numbers in ascending and descending order.

Ascending order :
692

629

670
650

635

648

Descending order :

682
695

10. Using the numerals 7, 4, and 5, write the greatest and the
smallest 3 digit number.

Greatest number :

Smallest number :

ts

Commen

42

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