A Major Project Report

On
STRUCTURE-PROPERTY CORRELATION OF EN BASED ALLOY
STEELS UNDER DIFFERENT COOLING RATES
Submitted in partial fulfillment of academic requirements for the award of
degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted By
B.VENKATESHAM

12AG1A0313

B.AKHIL

12AG1A0319

BHANU VENKATA PRASAD.D

12AG1A0315

Under the guidance of

Dr. N.S.BABU
(Professor)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ACE ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,

Hyderabad) ANKUSHAPUR (V), GHATKESAR (M), R.R.DIST
501 301 (2015-2016)

ACE
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Ankushapur(V), Ghatkesar(M), R.R.Dist.,T.S-509 301 .Ph.No: 08415 200299

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the main project work entitled STRUCTURE-PROPERTY
CORRELATION OF EN BASED ALLOY STEELS UNDER DIFFERENT
COOLING RATES Submitted by
B.VENKATVESHAM

12AG1A0313

B.AKHIL KUMAR

12AG1A0319

BHANU VENKATA PRASAD.D

12AG1A0315

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology

in
Mechanical Engineering at Ace Engineering College (affiliated to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana) is a bonafide
report of the work carried out by them under our guidance and supervision.
This main project report has not been submitted any form to any university or
institution for the award of any degree.

Dr.N.S.BABU

Dr.G. BALA RAJU

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ACEG, Ghatkesar.

Head of Department
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ACEG, Ghatkesar.

External Examiner

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our project guide Dr.N.S.Babu, professor, Department of Mechanical

Engineering has provided an excellent guidance in selecting the project and he has
also enabled us to complete the project with necessary technical support.
Our Head of the Department Dr.G.Bala Raju professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering has given the guidance completing the project with
necessary technical support.
Encouragement and periodical advice has been given by B.L.RAJU,
Principal, ACE ENGINEERING COLLEGE in completing the project is greatly
appreciated and acknowledged.
We would also like to express our sincere thanks to all Staff Members of
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ace Engineering College for their kind
cooperation and timely help during the course of our project.
Shyam Kumar, Manager of IMECH Labs also helped us in providing
requisite facilities to complete the project and for that we are very grateful to him.
We record our gratitude to the technical and administrative staff of IMECH Labs
at which place our experimental work was carried out.
Finally we would like to thank our parents and friends who have always stood
by our side whenever we were in need of them.

B.VENKATESHAM
B.AKHIL KUMAR
BHANU VENKAT PRASAD.D

ABSTRACT

The heat treatment behavior of several plain carbon steels and low alloy
steels is investigated. In this study the effect of quenching and tempering, isothermal annealing and continuous cooling treatments on the formation and
decomposition of martensite and other phases of steel are investigated. The
tempering experiment demonstrate the kinetics of the decomposition of martensite
into micro structure that yields a softer but a tougher material while the iso-thermal
and continuous cooling experiments demonstrate the kinectics of the
decomposition of austenite.
This experiment makes extensive use of the FeFe3C equilibrium phase
diagram and the TTT curves for steels. The results of the heat treatments are
evaluated using the Rockwell hardness tests and analysis of the micro structures of
each specimen. The quenching media selected for our studies include Brine
solution, Water, Oil, Air and Furnace cooling.
All the above selected samples will be heat treated at 900 0C (Austenite
phase) in muffle furnace and subsequently quenched in the selected media. It is
expected that micro hardness values increase with increase in presence of carbon
percentage and also with increase in cooling rate due to solid solution hardening
and formation of martensite phase.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Information
1.3 Objective
1.4 Necessity
Organization of Documentation

1
1
7
21
21

CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
REF1
REF2
REF3

22
23
24

CHAPTER THREE
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
3.1 Specimen preparation
3.2 Heat Treatment
3.2.1. Annealing
3.2.2. Normalizing
3.2.3. Quenching
3.3Study of mechanical properties

25
26
26
27
27

Rockwells Hardness testing

28

3.4 Metallographic studies

29

CHAPTER FOUR
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1Tabulation for hardness and toughness testing
4.1.1 EN-353 specimen
4.1.2 HCHC specimen
4.1.3 MS specimen
4.2 Graphs
4.3 Microstructure of samples
4.4 Grain sizes of samples

32
33
34
35
38
39

CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSIONS

42

CHAPTER SIX
6. REFERENCES

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVATIONS

44

HRC

Rockwell Hardness

Load on kgf

Diameter of the diamond ball indenter

AISI

American Iron and Steel Institute

Celsius temperature

EN

Europe Number Steels

HCl

Hydrochloric Acid

NaCl

Sodium Chloride

HNO3

Nitric Acid

SEM

Scanning Electronic Microscope