International Journal of Recent Advancement in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 3 March; -2016

Modeling radar on Global Positioning System

Ashish Jogarana
Department of Electronics, RTU, India
Abstract: In this paper, reverberation recreation calculations taking into account Global Position
System (GPS) framework are researched. GPS framework is picked as the illuminator of engineered
opening radar(SAR) , and the collector is stationary on the ground. So we have to alter the
reverberation recreation calculation correspondingly to ensure the high stage exactness.
Keywords: GPS , synthetic aperture radar, echo
1.

INTRODUCTION

Produced opening radar (SAR) is a sort of radar which is used to make pictures of things, for
instance, scenes these photos can be either a couple of dimensional representations of the article.
SAR uses the development of the radar recieving wire over a concentrated on region to give
preferred spatial determination over is possible with customary shaft separating radars. SAR is
regularly mounted on a moving stage, for instance, a flying machine or carry, and has its origin in a
pushed kind of side-looking airborne radar (SLAR). The detachment the SAR device goes over a
target in the time taken for the radar heartbeats to return to the recieving wire makes the
inconceivable "built" gathering device opening (the "size" of the radio wire). As a general rule, the
greater the opening is, the higher the photo determination will pay, little regard to whether the
crevice is physical (a colossal recieving wire) or "designed" (a moving gathering mechanical
assembly) this grants SAR to make high determination pictures with moderately minimal physical
antennas.SAR resonation signal model in perspective of GPS sign
The tallness of GPS satellite circle is higher. What's more, the pace of GPS satellite is slower.
So the manufactured opening time is longer (normally a few hundred seconds). Also, the transmitting
sign of GPS is a nonstop wave signal. In a code period, Doppler change of sign shouldn't be
overlooked. In a more extended engineered opening time, the stage blunder collection will prompt
bearer stage irregular. So unpredictable calculation is no more appropriate. In this manner, it is
important to change the model of the GPS satellite reverberation signal.
Suppose transmitting signal is St (t ) C (t ) sin( 0t )

(3-1)

Where C(t) is C/A signal of GPS satellite, 0 is Carrier frequency is initial phase.
Receiving signal is Sr (t ) St (t ) C (t )sin( 0 (t ) )

(3-2)

is time delay of echo signal relative to transmitting signal, k0 k1t Ri / C vr i t / C .

Sr (t ) St (t ) C (t Ri / C vr i t/C)sin( 0 (t Ri / C vri t/C) )

(3-3)

International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016

R i is the sum of the distance from one point to the transmitter and the distance from the point
to the receiver. C is the speed of light. i is the number of periodicity. In the system, pulse repetition
time is designed as same as the number of periodicity, so i also represents the number of direction
time.
Where 0vri t / C 2 f 0vrit / C 2 vrit ( f 0 / C ) 2 vrit / . So we can get the receiving signal as
follows:

Sr (t ) St (t ) C (t Ri / C vr i t/C)sin( 0 (t Ri / C ) 2 vri t/ )

(3-4)

Where vri / f d i , f d i is the Doppler frequency of No. i direction time.

Because of vri / C 1 , we can ignore its effect. So we can get the receiving signal as follows:

Sr (t ) St (t ) C (t Ri / C ) sin( 0t 2 Ri / 2 f d i t )

(3-5)

After mixing, the expression of the receiving echo signal is obtained:

Sr (t ) St (t ) C (t Ri / C )sin( mt 2 Ri / 2 f d i t )

(3-6)

Where m is the frequency after mixing. R i is the sum of the distance from one point to the
transmitter and the distance from the point to the receiver at the No. i direction time.

f d i ( Ri Ri 1 ) /(TPRT )

(3-7)

When we ignore the earth rotation, the distance between satellite to the center of the scene is shown
as Fig.3-1 (left). According to Doppler frequency calculation formula, The Doppler frequency is
calculated as shown in Fig.3-1 (right). At the center of the aperture time, the Doppler center
frequency f d c 0 .

Fig. 1 The distance between satellite to the center of the scene and Doppler frequency map
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International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016
According to the derivation above, the echo signal generation process is shown as follows ( TSAR is
the simulation time):
2.

Simulation experiments and analysis

The parameters of the GPS satellite orbit, the GPS signal and the receiver are given in the
following table.
Tab.1 The orbit parameters of GPS satellite
semi-major axis (km)
Orbit type
orbit inclination angle
(degree)
eccentricity
argument of perigee (degree)
mean anomaly (radian)

downwards angle of
visibility (degree)
Angular velocity correction
(radian)
Simulation time (Beijing
time)
Reference time (UTC time)

Elliptical
orbit
5
5.077e-009
152952
060000

Tab.2 The transmitting signal parameters of GPS satellite

wavelength(m)
Pulse repetition frequency
1000
(Hz)
Intermediate frequency
Simulation time (s)
212
(MHz)
sampling frequency (MHz)
Tab.3 The parameters of receiver
Azimuth (degree)
Height(km)

angle of pitch
(degree)

Set up the scene coordinate system O xyz . T is the position of the transmitter at the center
of the aperture time. R is the position of the receiver. O is the center of the scene. is the
incident angle (beam and vertical angle of gound) of the radar beam to the ground at the center of the
aperture time. is the coangle of . r is the bistatic angle. The coordinates of the receiver in
the scene coordinate system is (19797.43, -11430.05, 2000) .
According to the parameters above, you can get:
1) The number of azimuth:
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International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016
GPS transmitting signal is C/A. Its period is 1ms . We suppose its period is its PRT time. So its
number of azimuth is:

Na Tsar / TPRT 212/(1103) 212000

2) The number of range

Nr TPRT fs (1103)(7106)=7000
1 Theoretical analysis
By calculation, the angle can be obtained as below:

asin(R TO sin( L ) / R L )=0.37

(4-1)

RTO is the distance between the satellite and the center of the scene at the aperture center time.

L is downwards angle of visibility. RL is substar radius.

r arccos(

OT . OR
) 1.3022
OT OR

(4-2)

Then the angle between the angular bisector of bistatic angle and the scene can be obtained. The
normalizations of OT and OR are as below:

OT m

OT
OT

ORm

OR
OR

So the angular bisector of bistatic angle is as below:

OP OTm ORm [0.8660 , -0.8622 , 1.0185]

So the angle between the angular bisector of bistatic angle and the scene can be obtained

Fig.2

the direction of OP

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International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016
p arcsin(

Pz

) 0.6977

OP

(4-3)

1.1 Range resolution

The theoretical range resolution is obtained by the formula:

r g r / cos( p)

C
2 B cos(r / 2) cos( p)

3 108
246.0848m
2 106 cos(1.3022/2) cos(0.6977)

(4-4)

1.2 Azimuth resolution

Azimuth resolution a / .

is the wavelength of transmitting signal. 0.2m .

is the beam scanning angle.

So a /

v
t.
Rc

Rc
vt

v is the speed of the satellite in the beam direction to the center of the scene.
Rc is the distance between the satellite and the center of the scene at center time.

t is the simulation time. t 212s

Because Rc is proportional to the downwards angle of visibility, the azimuth resolution is
proportional to the downwards angle of visibility as below.

Fig.3

Relationship between azimuth resolution and downwards angle of visibility

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International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016
When downwards angle of visibility is 5 o the theoretical azimuth resolution a 4.43m.
2 Simulation

Fig.4

the imaging of BiSAR based on GPS

2.1 Range simulation

By computer simulation, the satellite transmitting signal is a C/A code, and the waveform is a
triangle after the range matching.

Fig.5 the range waveform after imaging (0.5m per pixel)

And its contour map is as follows. So it can be measured that its direction of the range is about
0.785 arc. The direction of the range resolution is:

14000.5/(2 2) 247.5m

(4-5)

By comparison (4-4) and (4-5)we can obtained that of point target imaging based on image
domain are consistent with the theoretical resolution. So the correctness of echo data is proved.
4.2.2 Azimuth simulation
Based on the simulation, we can get the value of azimuth resolution in the image domain.

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International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering & Research

Volume 2, Issue 5; May - 2016

Fig.6 single point target imaging in azimuth direction (0.5m per pixel)
From Fig.4-9 (right), we can see that the width of azimuth primary projection is around 20 pixels.
The pixel interim is set to 0.5m. So the fundamental quality width is 10m. Azimuth determination is .
This outcome is in concurrence with the hypothetical determination.
5. Conclusions
This paper proposes the SAR framework taking into account GPS satellite. The passing on signs of
GPS are presented. What's more, the comparing reverberation recreation calculation and imaging
calculation are studied. Due to the contrast between the sign of GPS and the sign of the beat radar,
the reverberation and imaging calculation are extremely adjusted from each other. To finish up, the
imaging results are broke down. The recreation results demonstrate the calculation is right.
6. References
1.

http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/

2.

http://www.nhdfl.org/

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