Source Number/Letter:

7
MLA/APA/AMA Citation:
Leddy, Annette. "Borges and Swift: Dystopian Reflections." Comparative
Literature Studies 27.2 (1990): 113-23. JSTOR. Web. Oct. 2016.
Source Validation:
This source was released on JSTOR through Penn State University Press.
How did you find this source?:
This source was provided by my CHS mentor, Chenoa McKnight, after
we discussed a multitude of of dystopian topics.
Intended audience:
This article is intended for those of higher education, at minimal, college
students, that is because the sole purpose of having an article released on JSTOR is to
help expand the horizons of those in college.
What arguments/topics does this source discuss?:
This source draws a direct relation between Jonathan Swift and Jorge
Luis Borges, authors who have targeted the same element of humanity even though the
time span in between their works is over 200 years. The author of the source takes note
on how Swift creates the mood and trend, while Borges explores utopian searches and
occasionally uses Swifts method. This could be the reason why their perceived notions
on utopias are very similar to each other. Like most authors before the 21st Century, both
utilize fear or target phobias in order to convince their audience to take action on what
they perceive as threats to humanity. The source falls along quite well along my topic as
it helps draw comparisons and easy to understand parallels between older novels.
Minimum 3 quotes, paraphrases, summaries of source text that seem likely to be
helpful in future writing:
Each author also habitually attributes his own pecadillos, phobias, or
known statements to the often reprehensible object of satire. (Leddy, 2)
Gullivers Travels attacks warmongering, imperialism, the money
system with all the viciousness of the once true believer. (Leddy, 6)
The difference between Borges and Swifts endings is that Borges
posits no perfect land; the closest thing to utopia, apart from Brodies viewpoint, is
European civilization. (Leddy, 11)

Source Number/Letter:
8
MLA/APA/AMA Citation:

Pfaelzer, Jean. "Parody and Satire in American Dystopian Fiction

of the Nineteenth Century (La Parodie Et La Satire Dans La Fiction Dystopique
Amricaine Du XIXme Sicle)." Science Fiction Studies 7.1, Science Fiction on
Women, Science Fiction by Women (1980): 61-72. JSTOR. Web. Oct. 2016.

Source Validation:
This source was posted on JSTOR, a renowned search engine archive
designed for students and professors to have easy access to topics in their respective
fields.
How did you find this source?:

 This source was provided by Chenoa McKnight after a discussion over

alternate realities and alternate timelines concerning the dystopian genre.
Intended audience:
The intended audience is for college students, scholars, and researchers
of this field.
What arguments/topics does this source discuss?:
The author places a lot of emphasis on how the book is narrated; this is
because the stance of the author is often seen as society is one that is inferior to the one
the reader is in. Pfaelzer explores how dystopias are typically seen as alternate timelines
for the future if the current situation continues to go awry. This could lead to a society
that is pure chaos, chaos shaped in way that it confines society to be one that the elite
minority controls. In the late 19th century, the dystopian genre mocked female and racial
equality; these were the common issues in society that was most prevalent in the time
period the novels were written. The authors of this time period make is so that the
citizens of dystopias are unable to create/enjoy a better world; they prefer to stagnate in
something they are familiar with. This is where the dystopian genre differs between older
and modern novels. Instead of trying to reinforce the idea of revolution and progression,
it portrays historical regression, in which society turns back towards a strong central
government.
Minimum 3 quotes, paraphrases, summaries of source text that seem likely to be
helpful in future writing:
Dystopias are narrated histories of the future which generally portray a
society of entropy and obedience, satiation and decadence, ironically justified as more
egalitarian, healthy, and attractive than the present. (Pfaelzer, 62)
[Dodd] inverts the utopian future to project how machinery under
socialism develops its own volition and transforms individuals into passive machine
tenders. (Pfaelzer, 65)
Dystopian fiction is an intended warning. Dystopians invert the
progressive utopians attitudes toward time and history The significant silence in
dystopian literature is history itself, not only the particular reform struggles or the details
of poverty under industrial life, but the immanently progressive tendencies of capitalism:
technology and the potentiality of a conscious working class.