GLOSSARY

1. Acceptable quality
level (AQL)

: The maximum percentage or proportion of variant units

in a lot a batch that, for purpose of acceptance
sampling, can be considered satisfactory a process
average.

2. Acceptance sampling

: Sampling inspection in which decisions are made to

accept or not accept a product or service; also the
methodology that deal with procedures by which
decisions to accept or not accept are based on the
results of the inspections of samples.

3. Accuracy

: A qualitative term that describes the closeness of

alignment between an observed value and accepted
reference value.

4. Action plan

: The detailed plan to implements the actions need to

achieved strategic goals and objectives.

5. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA)

: A partition of total variability into components due the

factors or other source of variation. The sources of
variation as well as their corresponding sums of squares
and degrees of freedom are usually given in an analysis
of variance table

6. Auditee

: The individual or organization being audited

7. Availability

: A measure of the degree to which an items is in the

operable and committable state at the start of the
mission when the mission is a called for at an unknown
(random) time.

8. Benchmark

An organisation, part of an organisation, or

measurement that serves as a reference point or
point of comparison.

9. Brainstorming

: A problem solving tools that terms use to generate as

many ideas as possible related to a particular subject.
Team member begin by offering all their ideas are not
discussed or reviewed until after the brainstorming
session.

10. Calibration

: The comparison of a measurement instrument or system

of unverified accuracy to a measurement instrument or
system of known accuracy to detect any variation from
the true value.

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11. Characteristic

: A property that helps to differentiate between items of a

given sample or population.

12. Continuous variable

: A variable whose possible values form an interval set of

number such that between each two values in the set
another member of the set occurs.

13. Control plan

: A document that may include the characteristics for

quality of a product or service, measurements, and
methods of control

14. Corrective action

: Action taken to eliminate the root cause(s) and

symptom(s) of an existing deviation or nonconformity to
prevent recurrence.

15. Deployment

: To spread around. Use in strategic planning to describe

the process of cascading plans throughout the
organisation.

16. Design of
experiment (DOE)

: The arrangement in which an experimental program is

to be conducted and the selection of the level of the
factors or factor combinations to be include in the
experiment.

17. Distribution
function

: See cumulative distribution function

18. Measurement

: The process of evaluating a property or characteristic of

an object and describing it with a numerical or nominal
value.

19. Measurement
process

: Repeated application of a test method using a

measurement.

20. Measuring system

: In general, the elements of a measuring system include

the
instrumentation,
calibration
standards,
environmental influences, human operator limitations,
and features of the work piece of object being
measured.

21. Parameter

: A constant or coefficient
characteristics of a population

22. Quality assurance

: All the planned or systematic actions necessary to

provide adequate confidence that a product or service
will satisfy given needs.

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that

describe

some

23. Quality audit

: A systematic, independent examination and reviewed

to determine whether quality activities and related
results comply with planned arrangement and whether
these arrangement are implemented effectively and are
suitable to achieve the objectives

24. Quality control

: The operational techniques and the activities that

sustain a quality of product or service that will satisfy
given needs; also the use of such techniques and
activities.

25. Quality function

deployment (QFD)

: A structured method in which customer requirements

are translated into appropriate technical requirements
for each stage of product development and production.
The QFD process is often referred to a listening to the
voice of the customer

26. Quality
improvement

: Action taken throughout an organization to increase

the effectiveness and efficiency of activities and process
in order to provide added benefits to both the
organization and its customers.

27. SOP

: Standard operating procedures.

A prescribed procedure to be followed routinely.

28. SWOT analysis

: An assessment of an organisation key strengths,

weaknesses, opportunities, and treats. It considers
factors such as the organisation industry, competitive
position, functional areas and management.

29. Variance

: A measure of dispersion. For a set of data, it is the sum

of the squared differences between the individual
observations and the mean of the observations. In
general, it is the expected value of the squared
difference between a random variable and its mean.

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